scholarly journals Influence of cattle breed combinations on milk production: results of the Analysis of Variance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
A.P. Paliy ◽  
T.L. Osipenko ◽  
A.P. Palii
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
High Level

One of the main factors in increasing the efficiency of milk production is the breed. No breed in the world would be ideal for a variety of conditions and technological processes. Besides, like any biological system, the breed is in continuous change. The breed of cattle largely determines both the level of milk production and the quality of milk. Therefore, to improve the quality of milk, it is necessary to establish the degree of influence of zootechnical and technological factors on the condition of milk components. Among genetic factors, the breed of animals and the breed combination have a significant influence. During the research, a one-way analysis of variance of the breed's influence and breed combinations on productive indicators has been analyzed. The factor "breed" and "breed combination" were used as the analyzed factor, and the protein content in milk and the yield of milk protein was used as the dependent factor. Based on one-way and multi-way ANOVA, the degree of influence of the factors under study was assessed. It has been established that the breed has a significant, both direct and combined with other factors, influence on the protein content in milk and the yield of milk protein. The level of the breed's direct influence on the protein content is 1.0%, on the milk protein yield - 1.7%. The factors "father" and "calving number" have the most substantial combined effect. Their influence levels are 1.8%, 1.4%, respectively, with a high level of reliability (P=0.999). The same factors most influence the milk protein yield as the protein content (the levels of influence are 1.9%, 1.3%, respectively) with a high level of reliability (P=0.999). As a result of analyzing the data on changes in protein content and milk protein yield in cows of different breed combinations, it can be concluded that this factor can describe 4.5% of the variability in protein content and 11.4% of milk protein yield (P=0.999). The degree of joint influence of breed combinations with other studied factors was up to 6.6%.

RESPONSE OF LACTATING COWS TO THE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION OF AMINO ACIDS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Plasma Amino Acids ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
High Level

High, low, and zero quantities of methionine, histidine, or lysine were infused intravenously into lactating cows fed a corn–corn silage–urea ration to assess whether any of these amino acids were limiting for milk production. Feed intake was significantly higher (P < 0.05) with the low level of methionine infusion than with either the high level or saline infusions. Milk yield was not affected (P > 0.05) by any treatments, but protein yield was significantly greater (P < 0.05) with the low than with the high or zero levels of infusion of methionine, and the infusion of either level of histidine significantly decreased (P < 0.05) milk protein yield compared with zero level of infusion. The changes in levels of plasma amino acids that occurred during these studies have been interpreted as implying that methionine was the first limiting and either valine, leucine, or isoleucine was the second limiting amino acid for milk production.

The effect of crop maturity on the nutritional value of maize silage for lactating dairy cows. 3. Food intake and milk production

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Phipps ◽  
J. D. Sutton ◽  
D. E. Beever ◽  
A. K. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Milk Protein Content ◽  
Crop Maturity

AbstractFifty-five multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were used in a 20-week continuous design study to determine the effect of maize silage maturity on food intake and milk production. Forage maize (cv. Hudson) was harvested and ensiled at target dry matter (DM) contents of 230 (T23), 280 (T28), 330 (T33) and 380 (T38) g per kg fresh weight (FW). The mean values for volatile-corrected DM (VCDM), starch, neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), crude protein and predicted metabolizable energy (ME) content of the four maize silages were 226, 290, 302 and 390 g/kg FW, 114, 274, 309 and 354 g/kg VCDM, 574, 447, 431 and 448 g/kg VCDM, 96, 80, 74 and 75 g/kg VCDM and 10·3, 11·5, 11·6 and 11·2 MJ/kg DM, respectively. Grass silage containing 296 g VCDM per kg FW was produced from the primary growth of a perennial ryegrass sward. At week 3 of lactation cows were allocated to one of five forage treatments offered ad libitum. The forage treatments were either grass silage alone (TGS) or a 3 : 1 DM ratio of maize and grass silage designated as T23, T28, T33 and T38. All cows also received 8·7 kg DM per day of a dairy concentrate. Forage VCDM intake for TGS was lower (P < 0·001) than for T23 to T38. Increasing maize silage DM content from 226 (T23) to 290 (T28) g/kg increased (P < 0·05) forage VCDM intake from 10·9 to 13·3 kg/day but a further increase to 390 (T38) g/kg tended to reduce VCDM intake. When compared with TGS, the inclusion of maize silage increased milk yield from 28·0 kg/day to 29·4, 32·7, 33·0 and 30·8 kg/day for T23 to T38, respectively, the increases being significant for T28 to T38. However, milk yield was reduced (P < 0·05) when the DM content of the maize silage increased from 302 to 390 g/kg. Increasing maize silage DM content from T23 to T33 reduced (P < 0·05) milk fat content from 45·8 to 41·8 g/kg, which was also lower (P < 0·05) than for TGS. The inclusion of maize silage increased fat yield with a significant difference (P < 0·05) between TGS and T28. The inclusion of maize silage increased milk protein content (P < 0·05) and protein yield (P < 0·001) when compared with TGS. While increasing maize silage maturity did not affect (P > 0·05) milk protein content, protein yield was higher (P < 0·05) for the two intermediate DM contents. There were no treatment effects on body condition score. It is concluded that the changes in composition of maize silage with increasing maturity, which are associated with increased starch and reduced NDF content, resulted in large increases in food intake and yield of milk and protein as crops matured from T23 to T33. However, when crop maturity increased further to T38 there was a tendency for DM intake and yield of milk and protein to decline.

Physiological Manipulation of Milk Protein Content

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 7-7
Author(s):  
C H Knight
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Yield ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Beta Lactoglobulin

The aim of this review is to assess to what extent the biological processes of milk protein synthesis and secretion might be manipulated to the benefit of the milk producer, processor and consumer. There is considerable impetus for such an analysis. A completely new ‘agroceutical’ industry is in prospect, utilising novel biotechnology to produce high-value, non-mammary proteins in the milk of transgenic dairy animals (Carver et al., 1993). Nearer to home, the milk processing industry and the consumer may wish to see more modest modification of endogenous milk proteins, making use of naturally occurring genetic variants or, again, using biotechnological approaches (Dalgleish, 1992). Exciting as such possibilites are, I intend to set them to one side and concentrate on the issue that most immediately concerns the dairy farmer: how can he increase his milk protein concentration and, thereby, his profitability. Retrospective analysis reveals some small scope for improvement; between 1985 and 1990, compositional quality data (the basis for milk payment) revealed an increase in protein content from 32.6 to 32.8 g/1, an improvement of 0.6%. Over the same period, milk fat increased by 3.1% and recorded milk yields by 6.4% (all data from UK Dairy Facts and Figures, Federation of United Kingdom Milk Marketing Boards), suggesting that protein content is least amenable to manipulation. Gross production figures of this sort can be misleading, but more controlled experimentation supports the contention. By reducing the forage to concentrate ratio, Rook et al. (1992) increased total protein yield by an impressive 200 g/d. However, only one-quarter of this effect was due to improved protein content, the remainder coming from increased milk yield. Endocrine manipulation of milk production gives a similarly discouraging picture. Growth hormone treatment undoubtedly increases protein yield, but it does so by increasing the volume of milk produced with no detectable effect on protein content (Bauman, 1992). Milk production is also responsive to milking frequency but, once again, the effect is on yield of milk rather than on the protein content of that milk (Hillerton et al., 1990). So, where is the silver lining? Does biotechnology have the answer; can the presence, in mammary cells, of extra copies of correctly expressed milk protein or foreign protein genes markedly increase protein content? In Edinburgh, transgenic sheep are producing milk containing as much as 30 g/1 of human alpha- 1-antitrypsin (Carver et al.. 1993), representing some 50% or the total protein content (Wright et al., 1991). There is good anecdotal reason for believing that total protein content is elevated (one sheep reached 70 g/1), but the definitive statistical analysis is, so far, lacking. We have examined mammary function in transgenic mice expressing the sheep beta-lactoglobulin gene and compared them with non-transgenic controls (Wilde et al.,1992). Expression was good: beta-lactoglobulin accounted for 30% of all the protein present. But, at 95 and 106 mg/ml. respectively, transgenic mouse milk contained no more total protein than that of control mice. The encouraging feature of this work was that mammary tissue from transgenic mice cultured in vitro synthesised 41 % more total protein than did tissue from control mice, a significant difference (P ˂ 0.05).It would appear that the tissue itself had the intrinsic capability for increased protein synthesis, but a block or some sort was imposed in vivo. The next step is to discover the nature of that block, and to do so we must understand the complex series of events leading ultimately to protein secretion into the alveolar lumen.

scholarly journals Research on Productive Performance and Quality of Milk Obtained from Simmnetal Cows Grown in Agricultural Conditions of Rupea, Brasov County

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Eugen Claudiu Jurco ◽  
Grigore Onaciu ◽  
Zamfir Marchis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Quality Of Milk

The study focussed on the Romanian spotted breed-Simmental type was aimed to evaluating the productive potential and some reproductive indices in the period 2013-2015 in Sona farm from Brasov county. The main indicators taken into consideration to analyze the whole herd were the following: milk yield, milk quality, age of first calving, mammary repose and calving interval. Analyzing milk production, this was increasing from 5439 kg in 2013 to 7400 kg in 2015, with an average for the entire period of 6324.33 kg with 4.23% fat and 3.42% protein. Also the fat and protein content have increased over this period, from 4.13 % for fat and 3.25 % for protein in 2013, to 4.34 % and 3.56 respectively in 2015. Analyzing the main indicators of reproduction for a period of three years it was found that calving interval is on average of 401 days and mammary repose is around of 54 days. It is clearly observed that during this period the production is increasing, this shows that cows from the Sona farm records genetic progress regarding qualitative and quantitative milk production. The research has done much to show the productive potential and popularity of the Romanian spotted breed-Simmental type in Transylvania region.

Penatalaksanaan IMD pada Ibu Postpartum Sectio Caesarea Mempengaruhi Status Gizi dan Kecepatan Produksi ASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
Nursari Abdul Syukur ◽  
Susi Purwanti
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Sectio Caesarea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Study Results

Many mothers who give birth to Sectio Caesarea (SC) do not Initiate Early Breastfeeding (IMD), which fails exclusive breastfeeding. This study aimed to determine the effect of IMD management in postpartum SC mothers on nutritional status, speed of milk production, and quality of breast milk protein. Method: quantitative research with quasi approach experiment. The research design used was a pre-post-test control non-equivalent control group. A sampling of this study used the Consecutive method sampling with a sample of 20 mothers who gave birth by cesarean section (SC). Hypothesis testing uses the independent t-test and the Mann-Whitney test. The study results showed an influence on the management of IMD in postpartum SC mothers on the speed of ASI production (p-value=0.004) and nutritional status (p-value=0.028). There was no effect of IMD management on postpartum SC mothers on the quality of breast milk protein (p-value = 0.543). This study recommends that the hospital implement an IMD promotion program before the abdominal wall is closed as a form of intervention to increase milk production and maternal nutritional status

Effect of toasting field beans and of grass-clover: Maize silage ratio on milk production, milk composition and sensory quality of milk

2010 ◽  
Vol 128 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth Mogensen ◽  
Jannie Steensig Vestergaard ◽  
Xavier Fretté ◽  
Peter Lund ◽  
Martin Riis Weisbjerg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Sensory Quality ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Field Beans

Milk productivity of cows, quality of milk and dairy products when using natural feed additive

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Karmatskikh ◽  
N. M. Kostomakhin
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Milk And Dairy Products

The organization of feeding of highly productive cows is one of the most difficult tasks in dairy cattle breeding. The purpose of the work was to study the influence of natural mineral additive on the productivity, composition and some technological qualities of milk of cows of Black-and-White breed of Ural type. Research and production experiment has been carried out in CJSC “Glinki” in the Ketovsky district in the Kurgan region on Black-and-White cows. The influence of bentonite additive in the ration of highly productive cows during the period of increasing the milk yield on the composition and technological quality of milk and dairy products has been determined. In general, for the first 100 days of lactation the cows of the experimental group have produced by 191 kg more natural fat milk or 8,4 %, compared to the control group. In terms of 4 % milk from animals of the experimental group has been got by 233 kg or 9,3 % more than of the control group. The yield of milk fat in the experimental group was by 10,44 kg or 12,9 % more than the control group. The difference in milk protein yield for 100 days of lactation was 7,34 kg or 9,8 %. The economic indicators (prime-cost, profitability) of milk production when feeding the mineral additive bentonite to cows have been calculated. With an increase in the total cost of obtaining milk from cows of the experimental group, caused by higher milk yields and the purchase of bentonite, the revenue from the sale of milk from this group was by 7,83 thousand rubles or 8,4 % more. As a result, milk production from animals of the experimental group was by 3,44 % more efficient. It has been found that the inclusion of bentonite in the composition of concentrated feed in the amount of 400 g/head/day allowed to reduce their expenditure, as well as EFU and digestible protein, which ultimately provided a higher level of profitability of milk production.

scholarly journals Determination Of Quality Of Milk From Different Genotype Of Dairy Cows

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
MN Hassan ◽  
MSR Siddiki ◽  
MAS Khan ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Sample ◽  
The Other ◽  
Test Protein ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Genotype A

The present study was conducted to investigate the milk quality from different genotype. A total 48 dairy cows belong to different genotypes such as Holstein cross, Jersey cross, Sahiwal cross and Red Chittagong were selected. Milk compositional viz. specific gravity, Acidity test, Fat test, Protein test, Solids-not-fat (SNF) test and total solids (TS) test were carried out. It was observed that the higher specific gravity of milk was obtained from Jersey cross and Red Chittagong genotype, which was significantly higher (P<0.01) than the other genotype of dairy cows. The highest acidity (%) was observed (0.165±0.014) in Red Chittagong and the lowest acidity (0.118±0.025) in Sahiwal cross. The highest fat (%) was observed from Red Chittagong cows milk which was statistically higher from Jersey cross and Sahiwal cross and the lowest fat (%) was found in the milk of Holstein cross cows. The highest SNF value was obtained from Jersey cross and the lowest from Sahiwal cross. On the other hand, Holstein cross and Red Chittagong was nearly similar. Red Chittagong milk sample showed the highest TS value and the lowest value was observed from Holstein cross. The highest protein value was found from Red Chittagong and the lowest from Holstein cross but the protein content of other two genotypes were nearly similar. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v37i1.9868 BJAS 2008; 37(1): 53-56

THE NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL'S REPORT ON A STUDY OF MILK REGULATIONS AND SANITARY MILK CONTROL*

1954 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
Harold S. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Research Council ◽  
National Research Council ◽  
Field Work ◽  
American City ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Production Distribution ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Control Work

This article reports upon research performed under the direction of the Committee on Milk Production Distribution and Quality of the National Research Council. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of milk regulations and their enforcement on the sanitary quality of milk. Eight large American city milk supplies were studied in detail. The field work included an inspection of a representative group of farms and milk plants and the examination of milk samples representative of each supply. Certain regulations governing the production and handling of milk were found to be definitely reflected in the bacteriological quality of both the raw and finished product. Several significant conclusions are drawn which should be of particular value to those engaged in milk control work.

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