scholarly journals Effect of climate change on heat waves in the South Sea of Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
J. Safieh ◽  
D. Rebwar ◽  
J. Forough
Keyword(s):  
Heat Waves ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Thermal Waves ◽  
Cmip5 Model ◽  
Base Period ◽  
The South ◽  
Short Term ◽  
South Sea ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Research Show

The purpose of this research is to identify the heat waves of the South Sea of Iran and compare the conditions in the present and future. To reach this goal, the average daily temperature of 35 years has been used. Also, in order to predict future heat waves, the maximum temperature data of four models of the CMIP5 model series, according to the RCP 8.5 scenario, has been used for the period 2040-2074. In order to reverse the output of the climatic models, artificial neural networks were used to identify the thermal waves, and the Fumiaki index was used to determine the thermal waves. Using the programming in MATLAB software, the days when their temperature exceeded 2 standard deviations as a thermal wave were identified. The results of the research show that the short-term heat waves are more likely to occur. Heat waves in the base period have a significant but poorly developed trend, so that the frequency has increased in recent years. In the period from 2040 to 2074, the frequency of thermal waves has a significant decreasing trend, but usually with low coefficients. However, for some stations from 2040 to 2074, the frequency of predicted heat waves increased.

scholarly journals Investigation of the effect of climate change on heat waves

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safieh Javadinejad ◽  
◽  
Rebwar Dara ◽  
Forough Jafary ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Waves ◽  
Temperature Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Thermal Waves ◽  
Cmip5 Model ◽  
Base Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
South Sea ◽  
Rcp 8.5 ◽  
Research Show

The purpose of this research is to identify the heat waves of the South Sea of Iran and compare the conditions in the present and future. To reach this goal, the average daily temperature of 35 years has been used. Also, in order to predict future heat waves, the maximum temperature data of four models of the CMIP5 model series, according to the RCP 8.5 scenario, has been used for the period 2040-2074. In order to reverse the output of the climatic models, artificial neural networks were used to identify the thermal waves, and the Fumiaki index was used to determine the thermal waves. Using the programming in MATLAB software, the days when their temperature exceeded 2 standard deviations as a thermal wave were identified. The results of the research show that the short-term heat waves are more likely to occur. Heat waves in the base period have a significant but poorly developed trend, so that the frequency has increased in recent years. In the period from 2040 to 2074, the frequency of thermal waves has a significant decreasing trend, but usually with low coefficients. However, for some stations from 2040 to 2074, the frequency of predicted heat waves increased.

scholarly journals Climate regionalization and trends based on daily temperature and precipitation extremes in the south of the Pampas (Argentina)

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ferrelli ◽  
A.S. Brendel ◽  
V.S. Aliaga ◽  
M.C. Piccolo ◽  
G.M.E. Perillo
Keyword(s):  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Climate Regionalization

The south of Pampas (36° 32’-40° 44’ S; 63° 24’-60° 30’ W), as most of Argentina, is a semiarid region. Its economy is based on rain-fed agriculture and livestock. Traditionally, the climate has been studied considering the analyses of monthly and annual climate parameters, but there is evidence that in this type of areas, the short-term climatic events have a substantial impact on the climate. Therefore, this study aimed at developing a climate regionalization from the analysis of daily temperature and precipitation extremes in the south of the Pampas for the period 1970-2017. Subsequently, it focuses on analyzing both trends and breakpoints of these events in the different sub-climates. To do so, we applied a Cluster-based Principal Component Analyses with a Ward hierarchical supervised method to generate a climate regionalization considering 29 daily extreme climatic indices and the elevation. We identify four sub-regions, and we analyzed trends during 1970-2017, and in the two-time series defined by applying breakpoints. Both minimum and maximum temperatures and precipitation had structural changes in the last 15 years, exposing the region to warming and dryness trends. The maximum temperature increases 0.5ºC, while precipitation decreases 30 mm. The short-term climate variability allows us to identify areas climatically more detailed and to conclude that the south of the Pampas is characterized by its high dependency on short-term climatic events.

Identifying key driving mechanisms of heat waves in central Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Jacques-Coper ◽  
Alan Demortier ◽  
Deniz Bozkurt
Keyword(s):  
Heat Waves ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Temperature Variability ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Daily Maximum Temperature ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
The South ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Ridge Pattern ◽  
Dipole Pattern

<p>This study explores the main drivers of heat wave (HW) events in central Chile using state-of-the-art reanalysis data (ERA5) and observations during the extended austral summer season (November to March) for the period 1979-2018. Frequency and intensity aspects of the HW events are considered using the total number of HW events per season and the amplitude, respectively. We first contrast ERA5 with several surface meteorological stations in central Chile to evaluate its ability to capture daily maximum temperature variability and the HW events. We then use synoptic- and large-scale fields and teleconnection patterns to address the most favorable conditions of the HW events from a climatological perspective, as well as for the extreme January 2017 HW event that swept central Chile with temperature records and wildfires. ERA5 tends to capture temperature extremes and the HW events at the inland stations; on the contrary, it has difficulties in capturing the maximum temperature variability at the coastal stations, which is plausible given the complex terrain features and confined coastal climate zone (only ~7% of all grid boxes within central Chile). The HW composite based on ERA5 reveals a mid-level trough-ridge dipole pattern exhibiting a blocking anticyclone on the surface over a large part of southwest South America. Relatively dry and warm easterly flow appears to accompany the anomalous warming in a large part of central Chile. The temporal evolution of the HW events yields a wave-like propagation pattern and enhancement of trough-ridge pattern along the South Pacific. This meridional dipole pattern is found to be largely associated with the Pacific South American pattern. In addition, the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) appears to be a key component of the HW events in central Chile. In particular, while active MJO phases 2 and 7 promote sub-seasonal patterns that favor the South Pacific dipole mode, synoptic anomalies can superimpose on them and favor the formation of a migrating anticyclone over central-southern Chile and coastal lows over central Chile. Agreeing with the climatological findings, the extreme January 2017 HW analysis suggests that an eastward migratory mid-latitude trough-ridge pattern associated with the MJO phase 2 was at work. We highlight that, in addition to large- and synoptic-scale features, sub-synoptic processes such as coastal lows can have an important role in shaping the HW events and can lead to amplification of temperature extremes during the HW events.</p>

Riding the South Sea Bubble

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Temin ◽  
Hans-Joachim Voth
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
South Sea

scholarly journals The Effect of the Thermal Mass of the Building Envelope on Summer Overheating of Dwellings in a Temperate Climate

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4117
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Kuczyński ◽  
Anna Staszczuk ◽  
Piotr Ziembicki ◽  
Anna Paluszak
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Occupant Behavior ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Night Ventilation

The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the effectiveness of increasing the thermal capacity of a residential building by using traditional building materials to reduce the risk of its excessive overheating during intense heat waves in a temperate climate. An additional objective is to show that the use of this single passive measure significantly reduces the risk of overheating in daytime rooms, but also, though to a much lesser extent, in bedrooms. Increasing the thermal mass of the room from light to a medium heavy reduced the average maximum daily temperature by 2.2K during the first heat wave and by 2.6K during the other two heat waves. The use of very heavy construction further reduced the average maximum temperature for the heat waves analyzed by 1.4K, 1.2K and 1.7K, respectively, giving a total possible reduction in maximum daily temperatures in the range of 3.6 °C, 3.8 °C and 4.3 °C. A discussion of the influence of occupant behavior on the use of night ventilation and external blinds was carried out, finding a significant effect on the effectiveness of the use of both methods. The results of the study suggest that in temperate European countries, preserving residential construction methods with heavy envelopes and partitions could significantly reduce the risk of overheating in residential buildings over the next few decades, without the need for night ventilation or external blinds, whose effectiveness is highly dependent on individual occupant behavior.

scholarly journals Climate bones of contention: How climate variability influences territorial, maritime, and river interstate conflicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-150
Author(s):  
Cody J Schmidt ◽  
Bomi K Lee ◽  
Sara McLaughlin Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Intrastate Conflict ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Interstate Conflicts ◽  
The Relationship

Many scholars examine the relationship between climate variability and intrastate conflict onset. While empirical findings in this literature are mixed, we know less about how climate changes increase the risks for conflicts between countries. This article studies climate variability using the issue approach to world politics. We examine whether climate variability influences the onset and militarization of interstate diplomatic conflicts and whether these effects are similar across issues that involve sovereignty claims for land (territory) or water (maritime, river). We focus on two theoretical mechanisms: scarcity ( abundance) and uncertainty. We measure these concepts empirically through climate deviation (e.g. droughts/floods, heat waves/cold spells) and climate volatility (greater short-term variance in precipitation/temperature). Analyses of issue claims in the Western Hemisphere and Europe (1901–2001) show that greater deviations and volatility in climate conditions increase risks for new diplomatic conflicts and militarization of ongoing issues and that climate change acts as a trigger for revisionist states.

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