scholarly journals Blood-sucking midges ecology in pastures and cattle farms of the Tyumen Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-47
Author(s):  
O.A. Fiodorova ◽  
E.I. Sivkova
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Cattle Management ◽  
Mass Attack ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Zero Grazing

The article presents materials on the seasonal dynamics of the population of gnat on pasture and farm, shows the feasibility of protecting cattle from these insects both when grazing, and zero grazing, comparative harmfulness in conditional units, and presumed loss of animal productivity. The purpose of the study is to determine the parasitological situation on insects of the gnat complex, the terms of protection depending on the technology of cattle management. One of the topical tasks for the successful development of livestock in the Tyumen region is to eliminate the harm caused by blood-sucking dipterous insects as hematophages and vectors pathogens of a number of dangerous diseases for humans and animals. When zero grazing indoor there is a mass attack of mosquitoes and black gnats on animals from mid-June to the middle of the first decade of July. The main gnat component in the specified time interval is mosquitoes, which have averaged 2.1 cu. The malicious population of gnat as a whole during this period amounted to 2.216 cu, and the estimated loss of productivity of animals — 8.2%.

scholarly journals Identification of stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) and study on its blood-sucking behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Lien Quoc Dat ◽  
Luong Thi My Ngan ◽  
Tran Trung Hieu
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Stomoxys Calcitrans ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Stable Fly ◽  
Stable Flies ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Cattle Husbandry ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cattle Farms

Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) is one of the most important blood-sucking insects that has a potential economic impact on the livestock industry. The species has cosmopolitan distribution and is abundant in livestock barns, stables, and pastures. This study identified the presence of S. calcitrans in dairy barns, on fences and foliages around dairy cattle farms in District 12, Cu Chi, Hoc Mon and Binh Chanh Distrist of Ho Chi Minh city, and recorded its blood-sucking behavior. Both sexes of stable flies have blood-sucking behavior and cause much pain and annoyance to catlle resulting in interrupted grazing. Morphological characteristics of S. calcitrans were reported and compared with those of the housefly (Musca domestica). Statistical data collected from two cattle farms in District 12 showed that the boold-sucking flies occured throughout the year in farms with 3.40 flies per leg of cattle in June and 2.35 flies per leg of cattle in September. The number of flies per leg of cattle crossed economic threshold (< 2 stable flies per leg of catlle). However, with 40–180 cows raised per farm, the farmers have not been aware of the presence and impact of the boold-sucking flies. The stable flies S. calcitrans would cause huge losses in productivity and quality of meat and milk when the cattle husbandry is developed on industrial scale. Therefore, identification and control of density of the blood- sucking fly should be seriously considered.

scholarly journals Faunal and Ecological Features of Blood-Sucking Arthropods of the Family Ixodidae in Biocenoses of the Lower Volga Region

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Andrey Denisov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
Landscape Type ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Mass Attack ◽  
Climatic Anthropogenic ◽  
Change Of Life

Ecological and faunal changes caused by physical and geographical changes, climatic, anthropogenic impacts, lead to an increase in the number and spread of Ixodes mites. The above mentioned factors have a significant impact on the formation of the fauna of bloodsucking arthropods in bio and agrocenoses, as well as in settlements. The study of the mechanisms that impact on the spatial distribution, timing of breeding and mass attack of the bloodsuckers on proximately, the change of life the schemes of the parasites in different climatic and geographic areas is of considerable theoretical and practical interest for veterinary and medical practices. For ixodid distinctive relationship with a particular landscape type and occurrence within certain habitats. That is why hese types of blood-sucking ectoparasites are able to pass to parasitism on new feeders. The development of civilization is accompanied by an active transformation of nature, as a result of which large areas disappear landscapes previously untouched by human hand. Naturally, such transformations, accompanied by the creation of anthropogenic landscapes, can not in one way or another affect the nature of the spread of zoonoses and, above all, natural focal infections, most closely related to the environment. The obtained data can be used by veterinary and medical services, as well as biologists of profile appointment in the planning of preventive measures of diseases associated with blood-sucking arthropods.

Focusing of Visuospatial Attention

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Pesce ◽  
Rainer Bösel
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Times ◽  
Visual Space ◽  
Spatial Relation ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Visuospatial Attention ◽  
Task Demands ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Task Conditions ◽  
Simple Rt

Abstract In the present study we explored the focusing of visuospatial attention in subjects practicing and not practicing activities with high attentional demands. Similar to the studies of Castiello and Umiltà (e. g., 1990) , our experimental procedure was a variation of Posner's (1980) basic paradigm for exploring covert orienting of visuospatial attention. In a simple RT-task, a peripheral cue of varying size was presented unilaterally or bilaterally from a central fixation point and followed by a target at different stimulus-onset-asynchronies (SOAs). The target could occur validly inside the cue or invalidly outside the cue with varying spatial relation to its boundary. Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) and reaction times (RTs) were recorded to target stimuli under the different task conditions. RT and ERP findings showed converging aspects as well as dissociations. Electrophysiological results revealed an amplitude modulation of the ERPs in the early and late Nd time interval at both anterior and posterior scalp sites, which seems to be related to the effects of peripheral informative cues as well as to the attentional expertise. Results were: (1) shorter latency effects confirm the positive-going amplitude enhancement elicited by unilateral peripheral cues and strengthen the criticism against the neutrality of spatially nonpredictive peripheral cueing of all possible target locations which is often presumed in behavioral studies. (2) Longer latency effects show that subjects with attentional expertise modulate the distribution of the attentional resources in the visual space differently than nonexperienced subjects. Skilled practice may lead to minimizing attentional costs by automatizing the use of a span of attention that is adapted to the most frequent task demands and endogenously increases the allocation of resources to cope with less usual attending conditions.

Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorder Symptoms

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Leonard Burns ◽  
James A. Walsh ◽  
David R. Patterson ◽  
Carol S. Holte ◽  
Rita Sommers-Flanagan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Disruptive Behavior Disorder ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Frequency Count ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Oppositional Defiant

Summary: Rating scales are commonly used to measure the symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD). While these scales have positive psychometric properties, the scales share a potential weakness - the use of vague or subjective rating procedures to measure symptom occurrence (e. g., never, occasionally, often, and very often). Rating procedures based on frequency counts for a specific time interval (e. g., never, once, twice, once per month, once per week, once per day, more than once per day) are less subjective and provide a conceptually better assessment procedure for these symptoms. Such a frequency count procedure was used to obtain parent ratings on the ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms in a normative (nonclinical) sample of 3,500 children and adolescents. Although the current study does not provide a direct comparison of the two types of rating procedures, the results suggest that the frequency count procedure provides a potentially more useful way to measure these symptoms. The implications of the results are noted for the construction of rating scales to measure the ADHD, ODD, and CD symptoms.

An Adaptive and Learning System for Feedback-Controlled Evoked Response Studies

1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
J. Wagner ◽  
G. Pfurtscheixer
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Electrical Brain Activity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Stimulation System ◽  
Background Eeg

The shape, latency and amplitude of changes in electrical brain activity related to a stimulus (Evoked Potential) depend both on the stimulus parameters and on the background EEG at the time of stimulation. An adaptive, learnable stimulation system is introduced, whereby the subject is stimulated (e.g. with light), whenever the EEG power is subthreshold and minimal. Additionally, the system is conceived in such a way that a certain number of stimuli could be given within a particular time interval. Related to this time criterion, the threshold specific for each subject is calculated at the beginning of the experiment (preprocessing) and adapted to the EEG power during the processing mode because of long-time fluctuations and trends in the EEG. The process of adaptation is directed by a table which contains the necessary correction numbers for the threshold. Experiences of the stimulation system are reflected in an automatic correction of this table. Because the corrected and improved table is stored after each experiment and is used as the starting table for the next experiment, the system >learns<. The system introduced here can be used both for evoked response studies and for alpha-feedback experiments.

Effect of Dipyridamole on Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation in Whole Blood Decreases with the Time After Venepuncture: Evidence for the Role of ADP

1987 ◽  
Vol 58 (02) ◽  
pp. 744-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
A R Saniabadi ◽  
G D O Lowe ◽  
J C Barbenel ◽  
C D Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Adp Receptor ◽  
Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation

SummarySpontaneous platelet aggregation (SPA) was studied in human whole blood at 3, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 minutes after venepuncture. Using a whole blood platelet counter, SPA was quantified by measuring the fall in single platelet count upon rollermixing aliquots of citrated blood at 37° C. The extent of SPA increased with the time after venepuncture, with a correlation coefficient of 0.819. The inhibitory effect of dipyridamole (Dipy) on SPA was studied: (a) 10 μM at each time interval; (b) 0.5-100 μM at 3 and 30 minutes and (c) 15 μM in combination with 100 μM adenosine, 8 μM 2-chloroadenosine (2ClAd, an ADP receptor blocker) and 50 μM aspirin. There was a rapid decrease in the inhibitory effect of Dipy with the time after venepuncture; the correlation coefficient was -0.533. At all the concentrations studied, Dipy was more effective at 3 minutes than at 30 minutes after venepuncture. A combination of Dipy with adenosine, 2ClAd or aspirin was a more effective inhibitor of SPA than either drug alone. However, when 15 μM Dipy and 10 μM Ad were added together, the inhibitory effect of Dipy was not increased significantly, suggesting that Dipy inhibits platelet aggregation independent of Ad. The increase in SPA with the time after venepuncture was abolished when blood was taken directly into the anticoagulant containing 5 μM 2ClAd. It is suggested that ADP released from the red blood cells is responsible for the increased platelet aggregability with the time after venepuncture and makes a serious contribution to the artifacts of in vitro platelet function studies.

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