scholarly journals Industrial characteristics and consumer properties of Chaenomeles Lindl. fruits

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
Y. V. Lykholat ◽  
N. O. Khromykh ◽  
T. Y. Lykholat ◽  
O. O. Didur ◽  
O. A. Lykholat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
National University ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Condition C ◽  
Powerful Mechanism

The comparative analysis of the fruit and seed capacity of Chaenomeles Lindl., grew in the botanical garden of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, was carried out. It is shown that all studied taxa undergo a complete vegetation cycle. According to our observations, the duration of the growing season is as follows: the smallest in Chaenomeles japonica, the longest in C. × superba and C. maulei, the longest in C. speciosa, C. cathayensis and C. californica. Seed length in Chaenomeles plants ranged from 4.2 ± 0.10 mm (C. japonica var. maulei) to 8.5 ± 0.25 mm (C. сathayensis). Seed widths varied from 4.1 ± 0.32 mm (C. cathayensis) to 11.1 ± 0.10 mm (C. japonica var. maulei). According to the results obtained, the average number of seeds in one fruit of different Chaenomeles species differed, decreasing in the following order: C. cathayensis, C. speciosa > C. × californica > C. × superba > C. japonica > C. japonica var. maulei. Most of the Chaenomeles genus representatives were found to be in a good condition: C. japonica var. maulei vitality was estimated at 7 balls, C. japonica and C. × superba – 6 balls. This index is slightly lower for C. speciosa, C. × californica and C. cathayensis as 5 and 4 balls, respectively. It should be noted that the highest vitality was shown by C. japonica var. maulei, which was introduced in the Botanical Garden of DNU in 1955. In research, considerable attention has been paid to the antioxidant system, which is a powerful mechanism preventing the development of avalanche-free and radical peroxide reactions in living organisms. The antioxidant capacity of Chaenomeles fruits, determined in the range from 565.8 ± 15.7 (C. speciosa) to 1121.7 ± 27.5 (C. cathayensis) mg UAE / 100 g DW, can be considered quite high. The overall antioxidant capacity was highest for C. cathayensis fruits (1121.7 ± 27.5 mg AE / 100 g DW), which exceeded the indexes of other species by 1.2–2.0 times. The presence of antioxidants in raw materials and finished products provides for the prevention of their deterioration, reduction of losses, increase the shelf life and release of high quality products, retaining for a long time the characteristic features inherent in fresh, complete products. High taste qualities are characteristic of C. speciosa and C. × californica. Considering the large assortment of Chaenomeles, representatives differing in their biological, physiological and nutritional properties, we consider it promising to introduce their use in the food industry to obtain functional products with high consumer properties, namely, high content of antioxidants, catering for a variety of dishes or for exotic flavors, as well for direct consumption by the population of useful fruits with different flavors.

scholarly journals The growth of rusty mushrooms (Puccinia graminis Pers.) on barberries (genus Berberis L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Reshetiuk ◽  
A. B. Filipenko
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
National University ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Cereal Fields

Formulation of the problem. Representatives of the genus Berberis L. (Berberidaceae Juss.) are extremely promising as valuable medicinal, melliferous, fruitful and also decorative shrubs. But rusty mushrooms (Puccinia graminis Pers.) are progressing, which are parasitizing on cereals. The danger forgrowing cereal crops, barberries have when some of their species are growing close to the field. The aim of the study was an estimation of risk of growth rusty mushroom on cultivated species of barberries, that gave a possibility to detect the most stable to such diseases species and to recommend them for using in decorative landscaping or in plantations of raw materials. 30 species of barberries, which arecultivating in botanical garden Yurii Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, were exploring during 2014-2018. The growth of rusty mushrooms on barberries was studied by degree of affected leaves. The analysisof weather indicator from April-May confirmed dependence from their active germination taleotospores Puccinia graminis and formation of basidiyas with basidiospores by period of outsight. The intensity of affection barberries leaves by rusty mushrooms is comparatively not high and isn’t over 12-15 %. Also 8 species of barberries are detected as absolutely resistant against rusty mushrooms, so that there were no features of affection on them. If we compare these indicators with information about origin of separate species barberries, we can mark that the most resistant to rusty mushrooms are species, which are originate from South China (East Asian) region. Most of them didn’t have any features of affection by rusty mushrooms in all period of outsight at all (5 years). The biggest affection from rusty mushrooms was noticed in species of barberries which come from the Himalayas, Central Asia and Europe. Therefore, in planning barberries cultivations it is expedient to consider the origin of separate species and accordingly determine risks of their introduction in culture. We excreted 3 groups of species among barberries by degree of fortitude to rusty mushrooms: 1. Completely resistant species, which don’t affect by rusty mushrooms in different weather conditions: (B. beaniana, B. brachypoda, B. dasystachya, B. dielsiana, B. gagnepainii, B. gilgiana, B. holstii, B. thunbergii) – 8 species; 2. Relatively resistant species, the level of affection of rusty mushrooms not more than 10 % of leaf surface (B. аetnensis, B. аggregata, B. аngulosa, B. сircumserrata, B. lycium, B. oblonga, B. orthobotrys, B.spathulata) – 8 spesies; 3. Unstable to rusty mushrooms species in which the affection is more than 10% of leaf surface (B. аemulans, B. аlksuthiensis, B. аmurensis, B. аristata, B. сoreana, B. dielsiana, B. edgeworthiana, B. giraldii, B. integerrima, B. laxiflora, B. notabilis, B. regeliana, B. reticulata, B. vulgaris) – 14 species. As we can see from the table, the intensity of growth rusty mushrooms on the barberry’s leaves are changing the separate years. The literature confirms that the activity of dissemination taleotospores, development of mushroom hyphae with formation basidiyas and basidiospores, also dissemination the last one depends on weather conditions of April-May, that is the period when they are progressing and carrying by wind and insects affecting barberries leaves. We compared the indicators of affection leaves with average indicators of total average daily temperaturesand precipitations in April-May by the period of observation, and between them had been detected certain dependence. The degree of rusty mushroom growth on barberries leaves was detected proportional to dynamics of increase middle-daily temperatures of air and inversely proportional to increasing amount of precipitation at this period. The most dangerous for cereal fields are higher named completely resistant species barberries from the first group, which we can introduce in culture for different purpose: decorative landing, plantations of medical, nutritional or melliferous purpose. Some limitationsare expedient in planning cultures with groups of relatively resistant species (the second group), which don’t have to grow close to the cereal fields. In our opinion, the sufficient barrier for them can be a protective zone with woods 10-15 meters wide. At last, unstable to rusty mushrooms species of barberries (the third group), we can grow nearby the cereal fields just in forestry environment (woods and shrubs), which must be 50-100 m wide or to cultivate them where will be no growing cereals. In conclusion. Thereby, in terms of wet and warm climate in Chernivtsi region the cultivation of most barberries (16 species of the first and second group) don’t make any significant threat for growing cereals even when the last one are close to these cultures.

scholarly journals Introduction success of less common species from the genus Berberis L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 634-640
Author(s):  
Y. V. Lykholat ◽  
N. O. Khromykh ◽  
T. I. Lykholat ◽  
O. M. Bobrova ◽  
O. O. Didur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Introduced Plants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
National University

The study dealt with the patterns of adaptation of the genus Berberis L. low-abundant alien plants to the climatic conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The success of the introduction, which was conducted on the territory of the Botanical Garden of Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (city of Dnipro) near 60 years ago, was evaluated by a set of indicators. According to the study of phenological rhythms, introduced plants can be characterized as plants with a relatively short growing season, a relatively long shoot growth, a short flowering period and a long maturing period. This indicates the lability of the phenological rhythms of the introduced plants, which respond to changes in environmental conditions in terms of the beginning and end of the phenological phases. The aquatic regime of introduced plants reflects the level of their adaptation to the environment due to the ability of plant organism to withstand water consumption. The study of water exchange features of Berberis L. plants revealed a moderate decrease in the intensity of transpiration and a moderate water deficit in the plant leaves, which indicates the adaptation of the species to the difficult climatic conditions of the steppe zone. The response of introduced plants to the level of moisture in the steppe region confirmed the universal mechanism of plant adaptation to arid conditions. Comparative analysis of the reproductive ability of introduced plants of the genus Berberis L. in the conditions of the Botanical Garden revealed a significant variability of quantitative indicators. The weight of 100 fruits ranged from 12.5 g (B. vulgaris) to 16.3 g (B. declinata). Seed length varied from 4.5 mm (B. canadensis) to 5.2 mm (B. declinata, B. amurensis), seed width varied from 1.8 mm (B. amurensis, B. vulgaris) to 2.1 mm (B. koreana). The highest mass of 1000 seeds was observed in the species B. koreana. To compare sample averages, the criterion for the significant difference of Tukey's group averages was used. The investigated plants of the genus Berberis L. can be recommended for the introduction into large-scale and individual gardening in order to expand the range of fruit products and obtain biologically valuable raw materials for the industrial production of functional products.

ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF THE BARK OF CERTAIN SPECIES AND HYBRIDS OF BALSAMIC POPLAR CULTIVATED IN UKRAINE

Fitoterapia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
A.М. Rudnyk ◽  
◽  
S.D. Trzhetsynskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Populus Balsamifera ◽  
Populus Suaveolens ◽  
National University

Keywords: elemental composition, bark, family willow, balsamic poplar. By the method atomic-emission spectrography with photographic registration the content of 19 elements in the barks Populus balsamifera L., Populus laurifolia L., Populus trichocarpa Torr. Gray., Populus suaveolens Fisch., Populus × berolinensis Dipp., which are cultivated in Ukraine, was determine. Raw materials for research were harvested from growing in the botanical garden of V.N. Karazin Kharciv National University (50°01′46″ N 36°14′02″ E.) in April 2019. As the content of the element in the bark decreases, they can be placed in the following rows: Populus balsamifera L.: Са<Mg<Si<P<K<Fe<Al<Na = Zn<Mn<Cu<Mo=Ni=Sr; Populus laurifolia L.: Ca<Si<Mg<P<Na<K<Fe = Zn<Al<Mn<Sr<Ni<Cu<Mo; Populus trichocarpa Torr. Gray.: Са<Mg<Si<P<K<Na<Fe = Al<Mn<Zn<Ni<Cu<Sr<Mo; Populus suaveolens Fisch.: Са<Mg<P<Si<Na<K<Al<Fe <Zn<Mn<Cu<Sr<Ni<Mo; Populus × berolinensis Dipp.: Са<Mg<Si<P<K<Fe = Al<Zn<Na<Mn<Cu<Ni=Sr=Mo. The content of Са (837,0 – 1225,0 mg/100 g), Мg (122,0 – 260,0 mg/100g), Si (130,0 – 230,0 mg/100 g) in the barks of all view is dominate. The highest content of elements defined in the Populus laurifolia L. (2324,4 mg /100 g) and the lowest in the bark of Populus ×berolinensis Dipp. (1623,4 mg/100 g). In terms of the content of heavy metals, the raw material meets the requirements of the Ukrainian State Pharmacopoeia. The obtained data make it possible to predict certain types of pharmacological activity of extracts and substances obtained from poplar bark and will be used in the development of quality control methods for raw materials.

scholarly journals Chromato-mass-spectrometric research in Salvia grandiflora L., Salvia pratensis L. and Salvia verticillata L. aboveground organs

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Myha ◽  
Oleh Koshovyi ◽  
Yevhen Karpun ◽  
Alla Kovaleva ◽  
Olga Mala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Study ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Method ◽  
National University ◽  
Pharmaceutical Practice

The genus Salvia L. has more than 900 species distributed throughout the globe. 21 species are growing in Ukraine. All species of this genus have essential oils. Salvia officinalis and Salvia sclarea have been used in the culture and are widely used in medical practice. The chemical composition of other species of sage and the possibility of their use in pharmaceutical and medical practice are almost not studied. Taking into account the results of chemotaxonomic studies of species of the flora genus of Ukraine, their prevalence and prospects for introduction into the culture, for further studies were selected raw materials of S. grandiflora, S. pratensis and S. verticillata. The aim. The aim of the study was to conduct a chromato-mass spectrometric study of the aboveground organs of S. grandiflora L., S. pratensis L. and S. verticillata L. to establish the prospects for the use of raw materials of these species in medical and pharmaceutical practice. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were leaves of S. officinalis, leaves, stems and flowers of S. grandiflora, S. pratensis and S. verticillata, which were harvested on the basis of the botanical garden of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv. The research of volatile substances in the objects of the research was carried out by the method of GC-MS on the basis of the Department of Natural Sciences for Foreign Students and Toxicological Chemistry of Zaporizhia State Medical University. Results. As a result of the study, 243 substances were found in the objects of the study, of which 149 were identified. 77 substances were found in the leaves of S. officinalis, 80, 26 and 63 substances in the leaves, stems and flowers of S. grandiflora, respectively, in the leaves , stems and flowers of S. pratensis – 28, 30 and 48 substances, respectively, in leaves, stems and flowers of S. verticillata – 39, 22 and 39 substances, respectively. Dominant compounds among substances of terpenoid nature are: cyclofenchene, camphene, 1,8-cineole, α-thujone, β-thujone, camphor borneol, caryophyllene, humulene, viridiflorol, sabinene, pyranone, β-pinene, phytol, kolavenol, β-copaen, loliolide, pseudolimonene and spatulenol. Among the dominant substances, 8 were detected for the first time in these species: cyclofenchene, viridiflorol, sabinene, pyranone, phytol, kolavenol, loliolide and pseudolimonene. Conclusions. The leaves of S. officinalis, leaves, stems and flowers of S. grandiflora, S. pratensis and S. verticillata of the flora of Ukraine were studied by chromato-mass spectrometric method. As a result of the study, 243 substances were identified, of which 149 were identified. Promising raw materials containing terpene compounds for S. grandiflora there are leaves, and for S. pratensis and S. verticillata – flowers, so they are promising agents for introduction into pharmaceutical practice

THE STUDY OF COMPOUNDS DISTILLED WITH WATER VAPOR OF POPULUS ×BEROLINENSIS DIPPEL. LEAFS

Fitoterapia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
A.M. Rudnyk ◽  
◽  
S.D. Trzhetsynskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
National University

Keywords: populus ×berolinensis Dippel., leafs, compounds distilled with water vapor, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Continuing the comprehensive pharmacognostic study of raw materials of plants of the genus Poplar, the aim of the study was to study the composition and content of compounds volatile with water vapor, Berlin poplar leaves (populus × berolinensis Dippel), which is widely cultivated in Ukraine. Raw materials for research were harvested from trees growing in the botanical garden of Kharkiv National University. V.N. Karazin (50 ° 01′46 ″ N 36 ° 14′02 ″ E.) in June 2019. It was found that the total content of compounds distilled with water vapor was 2026.4 mg / kg. 51 compounds were identified. Dominated by the content of: β-eudesmol (677.0 mg / kg), γ-eudesmol (234.0 mg / kg), α-bisabolol (125.9 mg / kg), eugenol (217.7 mg / kg), cubenol (92.3 mg / kg), quinesol (39.0 mg / kg). The obtained data indicate the prospects for further study of this type of raw material to assess the possibility of using it as a drug.

Comparative analysis of essential oil obtained from fresh and dried leaves of medicinal sage

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Tatyana Shcheglova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L ◽  
Medical University

The article presents results of the study of a comparative analysis of essential oil obtained from fresh and dried leaves of medicinal sage (Salvia officinalis L.), growing in the Botanical Garden of the First Moscow State Medical University named after Sechenov. The studies were carried out using gas chromatography– mass spectrometry. Qualitative and quantitative difference in the component composition of the essential oil obtained from fresh and dried raw materials was determined as a result of the study.

Distribution of Acidity and Alkalinity on Degraded Manuscripts Containing Iron Gall Ink

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Marín ◽  
Maria Carme Sistach ◽  
Jessica Jiménez ◽  
Miguel Clemente ◽  
Guillem Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Good Condition ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Alkaline Reserve ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Iron Gall ◽  
The Stability

AbstractLong-time preservation of manuscripts depends on the stability of their support. One of the most important degradation processes of paper manuscripts containing iron gall ink is the acid hydrolysis of cellulose. The heterogeneity of the distribution of their constituent materials, together with the defined position of ink as a source of degradation agents, makes it difficult to obtain reliable and detailed information about degradation processes. The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of the acid degradation process by looking at the distribution of relevant variables (pH, acidity and alkaline reserve) on real untreated iron gall ink containing manuscripts at different degradation stages. The study discusses the well-known differences between surface and cold extraction pH determination. It corroborates the relationship between pH, acidity and alkalinity and degradation stages, pointing out that acidity values for some manuscripts in apparent good condition are not far from those obtained for degraded manuscripts. The results indicate that in some partially degraded manuscripts, the coexistence of acid areas and areas with an alkaline reserve which do not participate in the neutralization process is possible. The role of water as a solvent for this equilibrium has also been evaluated.

Effects of Dietary Level of Rice Distiller’s Dried Grains on Performance and Meat Quality of Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.K. Dang ◽  
N.T.P. Giang ◽  
T.T. Nguyen ◽  
S. Chu-Ky ◽  
N.C. Oanh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
National University ◽  
By Products

Background: In Vietnam, animal feed mainly depends on imported raw materials, while available agro-industrial by-products are often released into the environment and only a its unsubstantial portion used as an animal feed. Therefore, efficient use of these by-products as animal feed is essential. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of rice distiller’s dried grain (Rice DDG) on broiler performance, meat yield and meat quality. Methods: The research was conducted at the experimental station, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Vietnam, from May to September 2020. A total of 240 a day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 3 replications to receive 4 diets with different levels of RDDG at 0, 5, 8 and 10% for 14 weeks. Growth, meat yield and meat quality were estimated. Result: ADG was higher in broiler chickens fed diets with rice DDG compared to that in control diet at 12 and 14 weeks (P less than 0.05) while ADFI and FCR were not affected by the diets. There were significantly no differences in meat yield and quality among the diets. In conclusion, rice DDG could be used to partially replace main ingredients in chicken diets.

SENSITIVITY OF FORSYTHIA POLLEN TO THE FACTORS OF THE ENVIRONMENT OF THE MEGAPOLIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-74
Author(s):  
Matiashuk R. ◽  
Tkachenko I.
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Level

The sensitivity of the reproductive structures of Forsythiasuspensato the complex influence of undifferentiated environmental factors has been studied.The monitoring sites are located in 15 different park ecosystems in 6 administrative districts of Kyiv. Data from the Borys Sreznevsky Central Geophysical Observatory (air pollution index (API) and meteorological conditions for 2018-2020) were used to assess the conditions of the growthenvironment. The influence of a complex of ecologically important factors during the flowering offorsythia on the quality of the formedpollen is noted. Thus, growing plantsfor a long time in conditions with a low level of air pollution (APIup to 5.0) in abnormal weather conditions in 2020,40-50% less fertile grainswere formed. And forplants, which grow in areas with increasedlevel (API5.0-7.0) and high level (API7.0-14.0) of air pollution, the share of fertile grains in the pollen population decreased by 60-80%. In the closed bud,the pollen has higher resistance to a complex of exogenous growth factors. Forsythia plants, which are located in large parklands, lose less pollen quality in adverse weather conditions and affected byurbotechnogenic factors. F. suspensa is an acceptable indicator of the level of environmental pollution by the deviation of pollen fertility from the control value. In areas with high aerogenic load, for example, areas with large highways (Bus Station «Darnytsia»), as well as with a significant recreational load (HolosiivskyiPark, Recreation Park on the Olena Teliha Street) much smaller pollen is formed. Itis noted that the conditions of forsythia growth affect the quantitative indicators of the formed pollen not only in the flower but also in the closed bud, which confirms the chronic effect of the complex of ingredients of aerotechnogenic emissions on plants of this species. The coefficient of sterility of pollen (CS) was used to objectively compare the data of 2019 and 2020 on the condition of the generative organs of F. suspensa in the studied areas. The calculation of the CS confirmed that in the closedbud pollen has a higher resistance to exogenous factors. In areas with high and increased levels of air pollution,during budding and flowering of plants (March-May,) there is a much higher CS of pollen of F. suspensа. Significant parkland territoriesof the city (for example, HolosiivskyiPark, Botanical Garden named after O. V. Fomin) provide less stressful conditions for growth and development of plants, even with the "very high" level of air pollution (ISA above 14.0) observed in April 2020 on this territory.The study of the susceptibility of F. suspensаpollen to growing conditions will be continued, as the prospects of using this species for bioindication of ecological status and zoning of park ecosystems of Kyiv according to the gradient of anthropogenic impact have been revealed.Key words:forsythia, fertility, coefficient of sterility of pollen, bioindication. Проведене дослідження чутливості репродуктивних структур Forsythiasuspensaдо комплексного впливу недиференційованих факторів навколишнього середовища. Моніторингові ділянки розташовані в 15 різних паркових екосистемах 6 адміністративних районівКиєва. Для оцінки умов середовища вирощування рослин використані дані Центральної геофізичної обсерваторії імені Бориса Срезневського (індекс забруднення атмосферного повітря (ІЗА) та метеорологічні умови за 2018-2020 рр.). Відмічено вплив комплексу екологічно важливих факторів (за показниками відхилення від норми середньої місячної температури повітря та місячної кількості опадів у Києві) уперіод квітування форзиції на якість сформованого пилку. Так, за тривалої експозиції рослин в умовах з низьким рівнем забруднення повітря (ІЗА до 5,0) в аномальних погодних умовах 2020 р. сформувалось на 40-50% менше фертильних зерен. А у форзиції, яка росте на територіях з підвищеним (ІЗА 5,0-7,0) та високим (ІЗА 7,0-14,0) рівнями забруднення частка фертильних зерен в популяції пилку зменшилась на 60-80%. У закритому бутоні пилок має вищу стійкість до комплексу екзогенних факторів середовища зростання. Рослини форзиції, які розташовані у значних за площею паркових насадженнях, менше втрачають якість пилку за несприятливих погодних умов та дії урботехногенних чинників. За відхиленням показника фертильності пилку від контрольного значення F. suspensaє допустимим індикатором рівня забруднення середовища. На територіях з підвищеним аерогенним навантаженням, наприклад, ділянки з автотранспортними магістралями (Автостанція «Дарниця»), а також зі значним рекреаційним навантаженням (Голосіївський парк імені М. Рильського, Парк відпочинку по вул. Олени Теліги)формується значно дрібніший пилок. Відмічено, що умови росту позначаються на кількісних показниках сформованого пилку не лише в квітці, але й в закритому бутоні, що підтверджує хронічний вплив комплексу інгредієнтів аеротехногенних викидів нарослини цього виду. Для об’єктивного співставлення даних 2019 і 2020 рр. щодо стану генеративних органів F. suspensaна досліджених ділянках був використаний коефіцієнт стерильності (КС) пилку. Розрахунок КС підтвердив, що в закритому бутоні пилок має вищу стійкість до впливу екзогенних чинників. Вищий КС був у F. suspense, з ділянок, на яких в період бутонізації і квітування рослин (березень-травень) відмічений високий і підвищений рівень забруднення атмосфери. Значні за площею паркові насадження міста (наприклад, Голосіївський парк, Ботанічний сад ім.акад. О.В. Фоміна) забезпечують менш напружені умови росту і розвитку рослин навіть при відміченому в квітні 2020 р. «дуже високому» рівні забруднення повітря (ІЗА вище 14,0) на цих територіях. Дослідження чутливості пилку F. suspenseдо умов вирощування буде продовжене,оскільки виявлена перспективність використання цього виду для біоіндикації екологічного стану та зонування паркових екосистем Києва за градієнтом антропогенного впливу.Ключові слова: форзиція, фертильність, індекс стерильності, біоіндикація.

scholarly journals TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR PREPARING FLAX RAW MATERIALS FOR PROCESSING

2021 ◽  
pp. 227-237
Author(s):  
Yu. Вerezovsky ◽  
T. Kuzmina ◽  
M. Yedynovych ◽  
G. Boyko ◽  
N. Lyalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hollow Structure ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hollow Structures ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Experimental Researches

The article contains theoretical and experimental researches in the field of the preservation of flax raw material of high moisture content. In the article, factors that are worsening the quality of flax raw material, resulting in non-observance of agrotechnical and technological requirements of preparing, collecting, harvesting the stem material, adverse weather conditions and other factors, are considered. The objective of this paper is to study the influence of preservation agents’ concentrations and of hollow structure device on the quality of flax raw material during long-time storage. In the article, the influence of aqueous preservatives’ concentration, humidity, storage length on the quality of fibrous products, obtained as a result of processing stem material, is analyzed. The influence of the device of hollow structures, as an alternative to preservatives, on the storage process of bast crops stem material was evaluated. The method of flax retted straw storage is described, actions of the main factors influence on the strength of fibers are analyzed. It is demonstrated, that prolongation of flax raw material preservation time can be made by using preservatives without considerable wastes of quality.

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