scholarly journals Research of techniques of microclimate improvement in poultry houses

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
A. P. Palii ◽  
S. H. Pylypenko ◽  
I. M. Lukyanov ◽  
O. V. Zub ◽  
A. V. Dombrovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Poultry Houses ◽  
Before And After

Creating an optimal microclimate in poultry houses is an important condition for implementing the genetic potential of poultry productivity and minimizing the specific costs of material and technical resources. Such microclimate parameters as the content of harmful gases in the air of the poultry houses and its microbial contamination have a significant impact not only on the survival and productive parameters of the poultry, but also on the health of the staff, and the ventilation emissions from the poultry houses - on the environment. Therefore, the development of techniques and technological methods aimed at reducing the content of these ‘harmful factors’ in the air of the poultry houses is of paramount importance for modern poultry farming. The first experiments were carried out in two similar industrial poultry houses for egg laying hens, 18×96 m in size. Hens were kept in 4-tier Hellmann cage batteries with a belt removal system and integrated air ducts. The capacity of each poultry house was 47,280 laying hens. The purpose of the experiment was to study the influence of the device for the neutralization of microorganisms in the air of the poultry house and its mode of operation on the microbial contamination of the air of the poultry house and the productive parameters of the poultry. The poultry of the Lohmann Brown crossbreed was used. The next experiment was carried out in the same poultry houses as in the previous one. The purpose of the experiment was to study the effects of the application of the method of purifying the air of the poultry house from the ammonia in the scrubber on the contents of this gas in the air of the poultry house and the productive parameters of the poultry. The poultry of the Lohmann Brown crossbreed was used in the experiments. It was established that at application of a bactericidal device with 24 bactericidal tubes TUV-75 caused a decrease of microbial contamination of the air, which positively influenced the survival and productive parameters of the poultry. After 210 days of the productive period, the poultry’s survival in the experimental poultry house was higher by 0.8%; 1.3 pcs. of eggs more per one egg laying hen were obtained in this poultry house; and the egg mass was higher by 0.7 g than in the control poultry house. With the hens from the experimental poultry house, a greater bactericidal and lysozyme activity of the blood serum was observed than with the ones from the control poultry house at the age of 30 and 47 weeks. Some advantage of the poultry from the experimental poultry house was determined by the absolute mass of individual internal organs, but this advantage was not statistically probable. It was proved that in the cold season, the scrubber provided a decrease in the ammonia content in the air (when comparing the air before and after the scrubber) by 3.2-2.2 times, in the poultry house (when compared with the control) - by 2.1-1.5 times. It was established that in the experimental poultry house the poultry’s survival was greater by 0.7%, 1.6 pcs. or by 1.0% eggs more per one egg laying hen were obtained and egg mass was higher by 212 g, or by 2.1% than in the control poultry house.

scholarly journals Efficiency of food egg production used for keeping layers of monochrome light with different wavelengths

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Osadcha ◽  
◽  
G. Sakhatsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Peak Wavelength ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Normal Body ◽  
Normal Body Weight ◽  
Egg Production Rate

Artificial light, as an environmental factor, is crucial for the release of hormones that play a key role in a bird's life, growth, immunity and reproduction. For laying hens, light plays an important role in the development and functioning of the reproductive system, significantly affecting the age of laying the first egg, egg-laying and productivity in general. The source of artificial light of the latest generation in poultry farming is LED lamps. Compared to incandescent and fluorescent lamps, LEDs have a longer service life, specific spectrum, lower heat output, higher energy efficiency and reliability, as well as lower maintenance costs, so they are increasingly used by manufacturers. LEDs are a special type of semiconductor diode that can give monochrome light. However, information on the effect of monochrome light with different wavelengths of light on the physiological state of the hens’ body is quite contradictory. Therefore, the aim of the work was to study the efficiency of egg production using monochrome light with different wavelengths. For this purpose, in the conditions of a modern complex for production of food eggs in a poultry house with an area of 2915 m2, 4 groups of hens of the industrial herd "Hy-Line W-36" were formed, each of which was kept in a separate poultry house similar in area and cage equipment. Each poultry house was equipped with cage batteries "Big Dutchman" (Germany), consisting of 1176 cages with an area of 40544 cm2 (362 × 112 cm). The differences between the poultry houses applied only to LED lamps. Thus, hens of the 1st group were kept using LED lamps with a peak light wavelength of 458 nm (blue color of the spectrum), the 2nd group – 603 nm (yellow color of the spectrum), the 3rd group – 632 nm (orange color of the spectrum) and the 4th group – 653 nm (red color of the spectrum). Every day, for 44 weeks of the productive period, the number of eggs laid by the laying hens of each group and the intensity of their laying were determined. The number of hatched hens (due to death and culling) was also counted daily and the number of livestock was determined. Once a week, the weight of eggs and live weight of laying hens were measured from certain labeled cages according to a sample. The European egg production rate on the basis of productivity was determined. It was found that for the maintenance of laying hens of modern white-egg crosses in 12-tier cage batteries of classical designs, it is advisable to use lighting with a peak wavelength of 653 nm, that is with red light. This makes it possible for the 44-week egg-laying period to receive an additional 4.8–18.8 million eggs from each poultry house (0.4–1.6 thousand eggs per 1 m2 of its area) at the highest level of the European egg production rate at 1.0–3.8 units The decrease in the peak wavelength from 653 to 632 nm, which was manifested by a change in light from red to orange, was accompanied by a decrease in the preservation of livestock by 0.7% (3.8% ˂ normal), body weight – by 0.6% within physiological norms, egg-laying per initial laying hen – by 2.9% (5.3% ˂ norm), which caused a decrease in the gross yield of eggs by 4.5 million eggs and egg mass – by 3273 tons from each poultry house, including 1.6 thousand eggs and 112.3 kg per 1 m2 of its area, with a decrease in the level of European egg production rate by 1.0 units. The decrease in the peak wavelength to 603 nm, that is the change in the color of light from red and orange to yellow, was accompanied by a decrease in the preservation of livestock by 6.0–6.7% (9.8% ˂ normal), body weight – by 1.0 –1.7% within the physiological norm, egg-laying per initial laying hen – by 6.6–10.3% (11.6% ˂ of the norm) and feed consumption – by 0.6–0.7% (7.5%) > norms), which led to a decrease in gross egg yield by 7.8–12.6 million eggs and egg mass – by 505.7–833.0 tons from each poultry house, including 2.7–4.3 thousand eggs and 173.5–285.8 kg per 1 m2 of its area, with a decrease in the level of the European egg production rate by 1.6–2.6 units. The decrease in the peak wavelength to 458 nm, that is the change in light color from red, orange and yellow to blue, is accompanied by a decrease in the preservation of livestock by 4.2–10.9% (14.0% ˂ normal), body weight – by 2,3–4.0% (0.2% ˂ of the norm), egg-laying per initial laying hen – by 5.6–15.3% (16.5% ˂ of the norm) and feed costs – by 2.0–2.7 % (5.3%> norms), which led to a decrease in gross egg yield by 6.1–18.8 million eggs and egg mass – by 365.3–1198.3 tons from each poultry house, including 2.1–6.4 thousand eggs and 125.3–288.9 kg per 1 m2 of its area, with a decrease in the level of the European egg production rate by 1.2–3.8 units.

scholarly journals Influence of light wavelength on viability and reproductive function of hens

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (95) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Osadcha ◽  
G. I. Sakhatsky
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Blue Color ◽  
Light Wavelength ◽  
Peak Wavelength ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Feed Costs

The article presents the results of influence of monochrome light with different light wavelengths on the hens’ viability and productivity. For this purpose, in the conditions of a modern complex for production of food eggs in a poultry house with an area of 2915 m2, 4 groups of hens of the industrial herd “Hy-Line W-36” were formed, each of which was kept in a separate poultry house similar in area and cage equipment. Each poultry house was equipped with “Big Dutchman” cage batteries, consisting of 1176 cages with an area of 40544 cm2. The differences between the poultry houses applied only to LED lamps. Hens of the 1st group were kept using LED lamps with a peak light wavelength of 458 nm (blue color of the spectrum), the 2nd group – 603 nm (yellow color of the spectrum), the 3rd group – 632 nm (orange color of the spectrum) and 4 groups – 653 nm (red color of the spectrum). Every day, for 34 weeks of the productive period (up to 52 weeks of age), the number of eggs laid by the laying hens of each group was determined. The number of hatched hens (due to death and culling) was also counted daily and the number of livestock was determined. Once a week, the weight of eggs and live weight of laying hens were measured from certain labeled cages. It was found that the reduction of the wavelength of light during the keeping of hens in the cages of multi-tiered batteries affects their viability and reproductive function. The decrease in the peak wavelength from 653 to 632 nm, which was manifested by a change in the color of light from red to orange, was accompanied by a decrease in the preservation by 0.3 %, body weight – by 0.8 %, egg laying on the initial laying – by 3.1 %, egg-laying per average laying hen – by 2.8 % and feed costs – by 0.2 %. The decrease in the peak wavelength to 603 nm, that is the change in the color of light from red and orange to yellow, was accompanied by a decrease in the preservation by 6.4–6.7 %, body weight – by 0.5–1.3 %, egg production by initial laying hen – by 7.1–10.0 %, laying hens on the average laying hen – by 0.4–3.2 % and feed costs – by 2.0–2.1 %. The decrease in the peak wavelength to 458 nm, that is the change in light color from red, orange and yellow to blue, was accompanied by a decrease in the preservation by 3.2–9.9 %, body weight – by 5.2–6.5 %, laying hens per initial laying hen – by 6.4–15.8 %, laying hens per middle laying hen – by 2.9–6.0 % and feed costs – by 1.0–3.1 %.

scholarly journals Investigation of the microclimate of poultry houses and chemical composition of poultry litter, depending on the time of its accumulation in the cage batteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-279
Author(s):  
A. P. Palii ◽  
O. A. Naumenko ◽  
O. I. Shkromada ◽  
L. A. Tarasenko ◽  
K. A. Rodionova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Poultry Houses ◽  
Maximum Contamination Level

One of the main reasons of the destabilization of the ecological environment around poultry farms is the widespread use of resource-consuming and environmentally irrational production processes and technological preparation, processing and disposal of poultry waste. Nowadays, cage batteries with a belt removal system are becoming more widespread in the poultry farming. However, the use of such equipment does not guarantee compliance with applicable veterinary and sanitary requirements for the content of harmful gases in the air of the poultry houses and its microbial contamination. This, in turn, has a negative impact on the state of the environment. In addition, the equipment designed for countries with a milder climate than in Ukraine does not support the designed regimes of its individual systems. Therefore, the study of the effect of the accumulation of the litter on the belts of the cage batteries on its humidity, chemical composition and microclimate in the poultry house, from the environmental point of view, remains an urgent problem. On the basis of complex studies, the kinetics of the drying of the litter on the belt conveyors of the cage batteries for keeping laying hens with built-in air ducts and without air ducts in different seasons, as well as the effect of the duration of the accumulation of the litter on the microclimate in the poultry house, microbial contamination and chemical composition of the litter have been studied. The study of the microclimate in the poultry house, depending on the time of accumulation of the litter on the conveyor belts, showed that with the increase in the time of accumulation of excrements in the air, the content of ammonia increased, and after 5 days of accumulation in the cold season its level began to exceed the maximum contamination level (MCL)-15 mg per m3 of the air. The amount of ammonia on the 7th day of the litter accumulation in all poultry houses was 1.8-2.8 times greater (P 0.001) compared to the first day. The amount of carbon dioxide in the air increased by 1.14-2.00 times, but it never exceeded the MCL - 0.25%. When studying the both types of cage batteries, 1.2-2.6 times the maximum contamination level of the air (220 thous. microbic units per m3) was established in the poultry houses. In the case of cage batteries without built-in ducts from the 1st to the 7th day of accumulation, microbial air contamination increased by 1.9 times in the cold season, and by 1.7 times - in the warm season; and on the 7th day it was 579 and 462 thous. microbic units per m3, respectively. When using the cage batteries with built-in ducts, microbial air contamination increased slightly: by 1.7 times in the cold season and 1.4 times in the warm season and on the 7th day it was 535 and 580 thous. units per m3, respectively.

scholarly journals Hens productivity when keeping in cage batteries traditional constructions

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
V. A. Kuchmistov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
House Area

The productivity of chickens an industrial herd of egg cross “Hy-Line W-36” was investigated when kept for 44 weeks (from 18 to 62 weeks of age) in cage batteries of traditional designs, namely, in 6-tier domestic production (PA “TECHNA”) and 5-tiered from German manufacturers (“Big Dutchman” and “Salmet”). The experiment was conducted in an industrial complex for the production of eggs for laying hens of three groups, each of which was kept in a separate poultry house. In the poultry house for keeping chickens of the 1st group (area 2880.0 m2) the batteries of PA “TECHNA” consisted of 18,360 cages with an area of 0.385 m2. The area of poultry houses for keeping laying hens of the 2nd and 3rd groups was 2202.5 m2. In one of them (2 gr.) “Big Dutchman” batteries contained 9600 cells with an area of 0.372 m2, and in the other (3 gr.) – “Salmet” batteries consisted of 9406 cages with an area of 0.392 m2. When planting 10 laying hens in each cage, the initial density of their content in the 1st group was 26 birds/m2, in the 2nd – 26.9 birds/m2, in the 3rd – 25.5 birds/m2. At the beginning of the experiment, the number of layers in the 1st group (PA “TECHNA”) was 183600 birds, in the 2nd (“Big Dutchman”) – 96000 birds, in the 3rd (“Salmet”) – 94,080 birds. The highest safety at 62 weeks of life and egg production for the initial laying hen were in group 3 (94.9% and 251.4 eggs/birds), less – in group 2 (92.4% and 232.6 eggs/birds, P<0.001), and the smallest – in the 1st (91.8% and 226.3 eggs/birds, P<0.001). From 1 m2 of poultry house area, 14.4 thousand eggs were obtained in group 1, in the second – 10.1 thousand eggs, in the third – 10.7 thousand eggs. Egg mass was obtained, respectively, 940.6; 629.6 and 707.7 kg from 1m2 of poultry house area and 14.8; 14.4 and 16.6 kg per laying hen. Taking into account the costs and volumes of the obtained egg mass, the European index of egg production efficiency in the 1st group was 19.9 units, in the 2nd – 19.4 units, in the 3rd – 22.5 units. The necessity of carrying out one more additional experiment to clarify the efficiency of egg production when keeping layers in cage batteries with the same number of tiers of two manufacturers: the software PA “TEXHA” and “Big Dutchman” has been substantiated.

scholarly journals Mitigation Effects of Bentonite and Yeast Cell Wall Binders on AFB1, DON, and OTA Induced Changes in Laying Hen Performance, Egg Quality, and Health

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Ling Zhao ◽  
Yue Feng ◽  
Jing-Tao Wei ◽  
Meng-Xiang Zhu ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Induced Changes

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mycotoxin binders in reducing the adverse effects of co-occurring dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and ochratoxin A (OTA) on laying hens. Three hundred and sixty 26-week-old Roman laying hens were randomly allocated into four experimental groups with 10 replicates of nine birds each. The four groups received either a basal diet (BD; Control), a BD supplemented with 0.15 mg/kg AFB1 + 1.5 mg/kg DON + 0.12 mg/kg OTA (Toxins), a BD + Toxins with Toxo-HP binder (Toxins + HP), or a BD + Toxins with TOXO XL binder (Toxins + XL) for 12 weeks. Compared to the control, dietary supplementation of mycotoxins decreased (P < 0.10) total feed intake, total egg weight, and egg-laying rate, but increased feed/egg ratio by 2.5–6.1% and mortality during various experimental periods. These alterations induced by mycotoxins were alleviated by supplementation with both TOXO HP and XL binders (P < 0.10). Furthermore, dietary mycotoxins reduced (P < 0.05) eggshell strength by 12.3% and caused an accumulation of 249 μg/kg of DON in eggs at week 12, while dietary supplementation with TOXO HP or XL mitigated DON-induced changes on eggshell strength and prevented accumulation of DON in eggs (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary mycotoxins increased relative liver weight, but decreased spleen and proventriculus relative weights by 11.6–22.4% (P < 0.05). Mycotoxin exposure also increased alanine aminotransferase activity and reduced immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgM, and IgG concentrations in serum by 9.2–26.1% (P < 0.05). Additionally, mycotoxin exposure induced histopathological damage and reduced villus height, villus height/crypt depth, and crypt depth in duodenum, jejunum and (or) ileum (P < 0.05). Notably, most of these histological changes were mitigated by supplementation with both TOXO HP and XL (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the mycotoxin binders TOXO HP and XL can help to mitigate the combined effects of AFB1, DON, and OTA on laying hen performance, egg quality, and health.

scholarly journals Association of single nucleotide polymorphism at long non-coding RNA 8138.1 with duration of fertility in egg-laying hens

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7282
Author(s):  
Adeyinka Abiola Adetula ◽  
Syed Ali Azmal ◽  
Chenghao Sun ◽  
Abdelmotaleb Elokil ◽  
Shijun Li
Keyword(s):  
Laying Hens ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

A previous genome-wide transcriptional analysis identified long non-coding RNA 8138.1 (lncRNA8138.1) as a candidate gene related to hen duration of the fertility (DF) trait.LncRNA8138.1gene response to growth factor and reproductive system development suggests it has a vital role in reproduction. In this study, we investigated thelncRNA8138.1gene sequence in a population of egg-laying hens. The sequence analysis of thelncRNA8138.1gene containing about 1.6 k nucleotides (nt) was observed with four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 7 nt indel including r.4937159A > G; r.4937219T > C; r.4937258G > C; r.4937318C > G and g.4937319_4937325delinsTGTGTGG. Next, the genomic DNAs from laying hen populations were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) to detect a region of 457 bp carryinglncRNA8138.1r.4937159A > G substitution. Further inspection of the region containing r.4937159A > G mutation revealed three genotypes viz., AA, AG, and GG were observed with respective frequencies of 0.106, 0.607, and 0.287 in laying hen population 1 (P1) (n = 1, 042) and respective frequencies of 0.176, 0.708, and 0.116 in laying hen population 2 (P2) (n = 826). Moreover, to further examining the frequencies of r.4937159A > G genotypes in P1 and P2, and their additive and dominance effects; r.4937159A > G locus was significantly associated with DF-trait in both P1 and P2 (EN: the number of eggs, FN: the number of fertile eggs after a single AI), and DN (the number of days post-insemination until last fertile egg). In testing for additive and dominance effects, additive effect was significant (P < 0.05) in both P1 and P2 for DF-trait, and the dominance effect was significant (P < 0.05) for EN and FN traits, suggesting that r.4937159A > G polymorphism is a potential biomarker for DF-trait. However, the identified novel r.4937159A > G mutation and others require further investigation to confirm phenotypic causality and potential genetic relationships with reproductive traits. Overall, our findings suggest the significance of genetic variation in long non-coding RNAs may assist in future breeding programs to improve selection for prolonged DF-trait.

scholarly journals Effect of the Brown Coal-Based Feed Additive on Poultry Productivity Indicators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Khorin ◽  
Alexandra Danilova ◽  
Natalia Labutina ◽  
Denis Yurin ◽  
Natalia Yurina
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
The Cost

This study examined the effect of feed additives based on brown coal on the productivity indicators of laying hens. The Relict A® organo-mineral feed additive for livestock and poultry is a multi-component, gummatized product with a wide range of biological activity, accelerating the growth and development of the animal. Relict A® is an environmentally friendly supplement that does not contain hormones or synthetic compounds. The control group was fed complete feed without additives. The second, third and fourth groups were fed feed containing 0.04%, 0.06% and 0.10% of the studied additives, respectively. The amount of feed for each group of laying hens was strictly normalized in accordance with their age, according to the recommendations for this cross. The use of the Relict A® feed additive in the laying hens’ rations led to an increase in the average number of eggs per laying hen, a decrease in the cost of feed for producing 1 dozen eggs, and a reduction in the time when the poultry reached the peak egg laying intensity. Feeding the additive to laying hens reduced the cost of producing 1 dozen eggs in the experimental groups, and also increased the profitability of chicken eggs in comparison with the control. The best dose was to use 0.06% of Relict A® by weight of the feed. A 26.6% increase in laying hen egg production was found. Keywords: feed additives, laying hens, egg productivity, brown coal

VETERINARY HYGIENIC EXAMI-NATION OF THE QUALITY OF CHICKENS EGGS WHEN USING THE FOOD ADDITIVE “PRINAROVSKAYA”

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
E.M. Belorusskaya ◽  
◽  
A.F. Kuznetsov ◽  
A.J. Nechaev ◽  
I.V. Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Shell Mass ◽  
Hatching Eggs ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the studies was to conduct a veterinary-hygienic assessment of changes in the eggs productivity of laying hens, after the use of the “Prinarovskaya supplement of fish (DKR)” in their main diet, which is a homogeneous dry mass made from chilled river fish, by-products of fish processings, as well as grain products (wheat bran). The method of production of the additive in-cludes the following steps: grinding, cavita-tion heating and subsequent drying of the resulting mixture. The studied supplement contains a number of amino acids, vitamins and minerals, etc. The object of the study were laying hens of the LomannLsn-Classic breed at the age of 131 days. “Prinarovskaya DKR” were introduced into the diet of ex-perimental laying hens: of the 1st experi-mental group 8 g of “Prinarovskaya DKR” were introduced per 100 g of the main ration (RR); The 2nd experimental group - 6 g. DKR to main ration; 3rd experimental group - 4 g. DKR to main ration; the control group was fed only main ration - feed PK1-1G_1227 (GOST: R 51851-2001). A veteri-nary-hygienic assessment of the quality of eggs, obtained from laying hens, when feed-ing a new feed additive “Prinarovskaya” was carried out. We kept daily records of laid eggs by groups, the period of the beginning of oviposition. The egg production were calculated of the initial and middle laying hens , the egg production intensity for 120 days. To assess egg productivity, the weight of laid eggs, the egg mass for a certain peri-od of egg laying, and the feed costs per 10 laid eggs were determined. Organoleptic, physical, and chemical methods were used to evaluate egg quality. Egg mass is an important indicator of egg nutrition. GOST 31654-2012 "Food eggs. Technical conditions ”, as well as the requirements for chicken hatching eggs, the minimum weight of food and hatching eggs (45 g) is indicated, below which the imple-mentation and incubation of eggs is not rec-ommended [1]. In studies, the following indicators were taken into account: large and small diameter of eggs, egg density, egg shape index of laying hens of different groups. To assess the state of the internal contents of the egg after opening, the follow-ing indicators were taken into account: pro-tein mass, yolk mass, shell mass, egg vol-ume. An external examination of the eggs as-sessed the condition of the shell, the pres-ence of cracks, growths and depressions. The study indicates a positive effect of the feed additive "Prinarovskaya" on the egg produc-tivity of birds in all periods of egg laying

scholarly journals Hen reproductive function under the influence of technological stressor

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Osadcha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Stress State ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Efficiency Factor ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Negative Effect

Modern industrial poultry enterprises use cage equipment for keeping laying hens, which is located in 12 and even 15 tiers, forming 4–5 floors. This makes it possible to increase the birds concentration in the poultry house by 4–5 times as compared to 3-tier cage batteries, and by 8–10 times as compared to the outdoor method of keeping. When using a 4–5 floors arrangement of cage batteries, the number of hens in one poultry house can reach 590 thousand birds. However, there are no data on the effect of such keeping on the physiological state of hens. Therefore, it is relevant to study the effect of the height of the cage battery on the reproductive function of laying hens of an industrial herd, which forms the efficiency of production of edible eggs. For this, in the conditions of a modern complex for the production of edible eggs, 4 groups of hens were formed, each of which was kept on a separate floor-analogue in area and cage equipment, located in one poultry house. Each floor was equipped with 3-tier cage batteries: tiers 1–3 were part of the 1st floor, tiers 4–6 — on the 2nd, 7–9 tiers — on the 3rd, and tiers 10–12 — 4th floors of cage equipment. The reproductive function of hens was assessed by the egg production for the initial and middle hens, its intensity and the weight of eggs. The research results showed that the content of layers in the cages of the batteries of the second floor was accompanied by a slight decrease in the safety of livestock — by 0.2–0.5%, egg production per initial layer — by 1.9–2.2%, which led to a decrease in the gross production of eggs by 0.6–0.7 million eggs, egg mass — by 48.9–67.0 tons and a decrease in the European efficiency factor by 0.7–0.9 units.Whereas when keeping laying hens in the cages of batteries on the first floor, there was a decrease in preservation by 10.3–10.8%, egg production per initial hen — by 6.4– 8.4% and body weight — by 7.5–8.1%, which led to a decrease in the gross production of eggs by 1.9–2.6 million pieces, egg mass — by 143.8–210.8 tons and a decrease in the level of the European coefficient of efficiency of egg production by 1.7–2.6 units. Thus, an increase in the layering of the cage equipment does not have a negative effect on hens reproductive function and the keeping of laying hens in the cages of the batteries of the first floor leads to the development of a stress state in them, which manifests itself in a decrease in the safety and deterioration of hens reproductive function, which leads to decrease in the efficiency of egg production.

Isolation of Salmonella enterica in Laying-Hen Flocks and Assessment of Eggshell Contamination in France

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 2071-2077 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIANNE CHEMALY ◽  
ADELINE HUNEAU-SALAÜN ◽  
ANNIE LABBE ◽  
CATHERINE HOUDAYER ◽  
ISABELLE PETETIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Laying Hen ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Poultry House ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Electrophoresis Method ◽  
The Relationship

The present investigation was conducted in conjunction with the European Union baseline study for the estimation of Salmonella prevalence in laying-hen flocks. It aimed at evaluating eggshell contamination in farms positive for Salmonella, characterizing the genetic patterns of Salmonella strains and identifying the factors associated with Salmonella contamination of eggshells. For this purpose, a total of 4,200 eggs were collected from 28 positive flocks and analyzed according to draft Annex D of International Organization for Standardization Method 6579. Molecular characterization of the Salmonella strains was obtained by the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis method with two restriction enzymes, XbaI and BlnI. The relationship between the presence of Salmonella on eggshells and rearing practices was studied by using multiple correspondence analysis. Results showed that 39.3% of the positive flocks had at least one positive eggshell, with a total of 1.05% of eggshells testing positive for Salmonella. We detected the same serovars on samples taken from the farm and from eggshells within a given flock, with isolates sharing the same genetic pattern in 7 of 11 flocks. Eggshells tested positive for Salmonella in flocks (i) located where delivery trucks pass near air entrances of the poultry house, (ii) with high holding capacity (&gt;30,000 laying hens), and (iii) with more than five positive samples coming from the farm environment, as well as in cases of flocks with a maximum egg-laying rate of &gt;96% and in cases where farmers worked in other animal production. This study provided valuable information that could be used for risk management and risk assessment studies.

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