scholarly journals Environmental and landscape significance of steppe mega-projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Levykin ◽  
A. A. Chibilev ◽  
Yu. A. Gulyanov ◽  
M. M. Silantieva ◽  
G. V. Kazachkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Cumulative Impact ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Kulunda Steppe ◽  
Positive Effect

For the development of fundamental bases of strategy of rational steppe land use and its realization we analyzed the most significant steppe megaprojects - "Stalin's plan to transform the nature of forest steppe and steppe", the Virgin Lands Campaign of 1954-1963, Agrarian Reform of the 1990s. Both specific consequences of each project and their cumulative impact determining the modern appearance of steppe landscapes and their agro-ecological problems are established. The Altai Territory, primarily the Kulunda steppe, is considered a special arena of megaprojects in the steppes of Siberia, bearing all the features of the old-developed region, where the most positive effect of these projects was achieved. The interrelation between the main problems of modern steppe land use and the results of the considered megaprojects has been presented. The main problems of agrarian steppe land use have been revealed. Taking into account modern tendencies of development of agrarian and industrial complex three most probable scenarios of development of steppe agriculture landscapes are considered. They are neo-wildland, stagnation, and optimization scenario with adaptation of agricultural lands structure to natural-climatic conditions and requirements of market conditions, with concentration of intensive agriculture on the best lands and transformation of low-productive lands into long-term managed steppe fodder lands of adaptive animal husbandry.

scholarly journals Raising Hereford breed in the conditions of the Republic of Tuva

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
B. M. Ludu ◽  
B. K. Kan-ool
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
The Republic

The paper presents the results of the research into the condition, number and concentration of beef cattle of Hereford breed, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the East Siberian region. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the methods of systematization, logical and comparative statistical analysis. The research information was based on the official materials of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Tuva on animal husbandry. Out of the total number of livestock in the region (180 748 heads), Herefords amount to 2869 heads. A comparative analysis of livestock in farms of different forms of ownership and different natural and climatic zones was carried out. The largest population of Herefords (48.94%) is concentrated in the central agricultural and livestock zone with forest-steppe and steppe subzones (by the number of animals Piy-Khem kozhuun ranks first, 19.1%). In the southern zone of dry steppes, there are 27.43% of Herefords (by the number of livestock in the Republic, Tes-Khem kozhuun ranks second, 14.7%). In the western mountain-steppe zone there are 23.63% of Herefords, the largest number is in Barun-Khemchik (7.4%) and in Bai-Taiginsky (7%) kozhuun. Specialized beef cattle have not been brought to the high-mountain Mongun-Taiginsky kozhuun of the western zone or to the eastern high-mountain taiga zone. According to the results of the analysis, taking into account the category of farms, 56.4% of Herefords are kept in peasant farm enterprises, 19.7% – in agricultural production cooperatives, 29.7% – in other agricultural enterprises. All farms practise year-round grazing. Differences in the number of Hereford cattle by districts depend on the capacities of farms and climatic breeding zones. The monitoring which was carried out will allow to determine the prospects for raising purebred cattle of a specialized type, taking into account the terrain and zone of the breeding work in the conditions of year-round grazing in the Republic of Tuva.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF FORMATION OF REGIONAL INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-946
Author(s):  
V.Ya. Akhmetov ◽  
R.N. Galikeev
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

According to the results of 2020, in the rating of the subjects of the Russian Federation for the production of gross agricultural output, the Republic of Bashkortostan came in 6th place and 2nd in the Volga Federal District. The long-term leadership of the republic in terms of the development of the agro-industrial complex is largely explained by the presence of large areas of agricultural land (more than 7.2 million hectares), sufficient labor resources and relatively favorable soil and climatic conditions for the development of many branches of agriculture. However, in the XXI century, without the introduction of agro-innovations and the development of high-tech agriculture, processing industry, an effective system for the sale of manufactured products, it is becoming increasingly problematic to ensure the long-term competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex of the region both at the All-Russian and global levels. Current trends in the development of agribusiness in the world and in our country clearly show the priority of using the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress and significant investments in new agricultural technologies at the regional level in order to ensure high quality products and compete with domestic and foreign companies. Within the framework of this study, the need to improve the interaction of agribusiness with the scientific and educational sphere and the formation of the regional innovation infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex in the Republic of Bashkortostan with the coordinating role of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan is actualized. The authors conducted a comprehensive analysis of the key problems in the creation of a regional agro-industrial scientific and production cluster in the Republic of Bashkortostan and outlined priorities in its development.

scholarly journals The role of variety and forecrop in the population dynamics of Rhizoctonia solani in soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
A. A. Malyuga ◽  
N. S. Chulikova
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Peaks

Long-term studies (2014–2019) of the population dynamics of the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Küch. were carried out in the soil on the Purple Majesty, Vitelotte and Fioletovy potato varieties and preceding crops (potatoes, oats and tendergreen). The study was carried out in Novosibirsk region in the soil and climatic conditions typical of the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. To study the peculiarities of R. solani fungus population dynamics in potato plantations, soil samples were taken from under the plants during the entire growing season. The accumulation of rhizoctonia propagules in the soil was determined using the method of multiple soil pellets. The difference in the amount and rate of accumulation of the fungus R. solani on different varieties, as well as the influence of previous crops on this process, was established. Two peaks of the fungus accumulation were observed on the Purple Majesty variety: the first (48.7 propagules/100 g of soil) – during the full germination period, the second (57.2 propagules/100 g of soil) – at the end of the crop maturation phase. One peak was observed in the population dynamics of the fungus on Vitelotte and Fioletovy varieties, at the end of the ripening period (59.0 and 49.1 propagules/100 g soil, respectively). The smallest amount of R. solani fungus in the soil on average during the growing season was noted on the Fioletovy variety – 33.3 propagules/100 g of soil. In the Purple Majesty and Vitelotte varieties, this figure was 41.5 and 40.4 propagules/100 g of soil, respectively. When potato variety Agata was cultivated as monoculture, there was a rapid and significant accumulation of the fungus R. solani in the soil (from 34.6 to 126.8 propagules/100 g of soil). When this variety was cultivated following tendergreen or oats, the amount of the pathogen varied to a lesser extent (25.1–52.2 and 19.8–41.0 propagules/100 g of soil, respectively). No sharp increases in the number of propagative structures of the phytopathogen in the soil were noted.

scholarly journals Impact of regional weather anomalies on the agroecosystems of the Left Bank Forest Steppe

2016 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
H. Dovhal ◽  
N. Voloshyna
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ecosystem Complex

Importance of the territory climatic conditions as unpredictable dynamic changes problem that forms a threat to the development of the agricultural sector of the country was investigated. The problem comes from the fact that for food security of agricultural ecosystem it is rather vulnerable to change of climatic parameters, and agriculture belongs to branches which are especially sensitive to climatic changes impact. We analyzed long-term data figures for the period 1995 to 2014, which describe the temperature and moisture regime of Lubny (Poltava region). The main trends and patterns of their dynamics were established, the degree of deviation from the long-term norm was given. The author determined the relationship of the territorial climatic conditions changes and agricultural ecosystem performance and stability and also the potential consequences of the adverse effects. As a result, it was found that the expansion of the growing season crops, due to the increase in temperature and the average value of the classical heat supply plant index, may impair the stability of the agricultural ecosystem complex and reduce its performance. At the same time, one of the adapting agricultural production ways to climate change, which does not require any additional costs, is to optimize the placement of crops due to the harmonization of the production specialization ratio in accordance with the area conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of changes of climate on the productivity of pratal and steppe vegetation in the Forest-steppe area of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
A. M. Polevoy ◽  
L. E. Bozhko ◽  
E. A. Barsukova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Steppe Vegetation ◽  
Yield Capacity

The influence of the climate change on the agro-climatic growth conditions, development and formation of productivity of meadow and steppe vegetation in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine for three periods has been studied: 2021–2030, 2031–2040, 2041–2050. The calculations of the expected conditions have been performed according to the climate change scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The paper provides an assessment of the agro-climatic conditions for the formation of productivity of meadow and steppe vegetation in the current global warming and further climate change conditions until 2050. The assessment has been performed by comparing the average long-term agro-climatic indicators (1980–2010) of the productivity of wild phytocenoses with the same indicators for the future over decades. The calculations of both average long-term productivity of grasses and productivity of grasses in the conditions of climate change are executed according to four types of productivity: potential productivity which in case of optimum maintenance of plants with heat, moisture and mineral food is defined by solar radiation; meteorologically possible yield, which is provided by the temperature regime and the regime of humidification of the territory; really possible yield capacity, which is provided by the natural fertility of the soil; actual yield capacity in the natural conditions. Key words: meadow, steppe vegetation, productivity, humus balance, photosynthetic potential, agroecological categories of yields, climate change.

scholarly journals Growth, development and yield of beet varieties under the action of biological products

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 92-104
Author(s):  
О. I. Ulyanich ◽  
◽  
S. A. Vdovenko ◽  
V. V. Yatsenko ◽  
M. M. Chmil
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Blade Area ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

The search for new conditions for growing vegetables in organic crops in order to obtain safe products and in connection with changes in climatic conditions requires an immediate solution. The article considers and proves that the use of biological products affects the formation of highly productive crops and promotes the production of products with a high content of biologically active substances. Studies have shown a positive effect of biological products on the growth and development and yield of beetroot varieties Delicatessen and Red Ball. Studies have been conducted to study the technological aspects of growing vegetables, in particular with the use of biological products, taking into account the environmental impact of both growth processes and quantitative and qualitative indicators. Features of various biological products and their efficiency are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the use of biologicals, which allowed to comprehensively assess the impact of elements of cultivation technology on phenological, biometric, indicators, yield and quality of table beet products, development and improvement of elements of technology for their cultivation in the forest-steppe of Ukraine. This involves the use of highly productive varieties, the use of various effective biological products, is relevant for the spread and cultivation of table beets in the forest-steppe of Ukraine. Phenological observations of canteen beet plants showed that they developed differently and reacted differently in the phases of growth and development, depending on the introduced biological products. The technical ripeness phase began on days 121–129 and was longer than in the control. With the introduction of Solutin and Chlorella – 128–129 days, and in short - with the introduction of biological products Helprost vegetable, Helprost vegetable + Phytohelp, Solutin + Phytohelp – 121–125 days. It was proved that table beet plants differed in height, number of leaves, leaf blade area and their total area per hectare, which compared to the control were from the use of a tank mixture of biological products Helprost vegetable + Phytohelp – 28.3–28.7 thousand m2/ha, which is significantly higher than the control by 13.6–14.8 thousand m2/ha. The area of leaves was slightly lower as a result of the use of other drugs and mixtures – 21.8–22.6 thousand m2/ha. The use of a mixture of drugs Helprost vegetable + Phytohelp contributed to an increase in the mass of the root of table beets by 255–350 g, which is significantly higher than the control by 9–10 g. A positive effect on the yield of beetroot was shown by the vegetable Helprost preparation, as well as a mixture of vegetable Helprost + Phytohelp preparations, the use of which provided a yield of 52.4–63.8 t/ha. The use of a mixture of biological products Solutin + Phytohelp improves the appearance of the plant, increases resistance to harmful microorganisms, and the marketable yield increases to 26.0 t/ha and significantly exceeds the control by 3.2 t/ha.

scholarly journals Increasing neonicotinoid use and the declining butterfly fauna of lowland California

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 20160475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Forister ◽  
Bruce Cousens ◽  
Joshua G. Harrison ◽  
Kayce Anderson ◽  
James H. Thorne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Northern California ◽  
Butterfly Fauna ◽  
Marked Decline ◽  
Insect Populations

The butterfly fauna of lowland Northern California has exhibited a marked decline in recent years that previous studies have attributed in part to altered climatic conditions and changes in land use. Here, we ask if a shift in insecticide use towards neonicotinoids is associated with butterfly declines at four sites in the region that have been monitored for four decades. A negative association between butterfly populations and increasing neonicotinoid application is detectable while controlling for land use and other factors, and appears to be more severe for smaller-bodied species. These results suggest that neonicotinoids could influence non-target insect populations occurring in proximity to application locations, and highlights the need for mechanistic work to complement long-term observational data.

scholarly journals The results of the introduction of Pyracantha М. Roem. representatives in the conditions of the National Dendrological Park “Sofiyivka” of the NAS of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
T. V. Kopylova ◽  
Y. O. Rumyankov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seasonal Rhythms ◽  
The Right ◽  
Term Data

Based on the analysis of long-term data, it was revealed that the weather and climatic conditions of the Right-Bank forest-steppe of Ukraine are pretty favourable for the course of seasonal rhythms of plant development studied species. P. coccinea (total points 83), P. crenatoserrata (total points 76), and P. crenulata (total score 81) are pretty promising species according to the scale for assessing the prospects of introduction of woody plants. Such species as P. × ‘Orange Charmer’ (sum of points 83) is quite promising among the varieties, and P. × ‘Red Column’ (sum of points 61), and P. × ‘Orange Glow’ (sum of points 66) are less promising. The least promising plant is P. × ‘Red Cushion’ (sum of points 42), and P. × ‘Soleil d’Оr’ (sum of points 37) is unpromising.

scholarly journals Basic physiological mechanisms and adaptation reactions in the cold training of the organism in cold climate areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (77) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
M. M. Gorbunov ◽  
N. V. Korshunova ◽  
O. V. Yurechko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Positive Effect

The article presents the most significant literature data on the influence of hardening of a person on the possibilities of adaptive reactions of the body to low ambient temperatures. The most important functions of temperature receptors as an afferent link in the transmission of information, its correct processing and an adequate response of the body to the action of unfavorable environmental factors are shown. The review considers the main physiological reactions of the body to short-term and long-term exposure to cold. The processes of metabolic, vegetative, hormonal changes that help a person to adapt in terms of professional activity and living in harsh climatic conditions are described. The main principles of the hardening and training influence of environmental factors on a person are highlighted. The analysis of the literature data on the methods and methods of training the body’s resistance in case of its various dysfunctions in cold conditions is given. The positive effect of cold on the human body was studied. The article analyzes modern health-improving and cold training technologies. Methods are presented that combine cold training procedures with the use of drugs and physical exercises for faster and more effective adaptation to low temperatures.

scholarly journals ВПЛИВ МОЗАЇЧНОГО РОЗМІЩЕННЯ СОРТІВ ОЗИМОЇ ПШЕНИЦІ НА АГРОРІЗНОМАНІТТЯ

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (02) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
T. Z. Moskalets
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Long Term Ecological Research ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Agronomic Features

<p>We studied the introductions of cultivars and lines of wheat soft winter wheat that are adaptive to specific physical and climatic conditions ecotopes regards forest-steppe and Polissia ecotypes by ecological and biological characteristics. We also determined their influence on formation of the diversity and productivity of agricultural ecosystems. It was established that mosaic planting pattern of winter wheat allows to get a high yield (up to 9 t/ha) and of strong and superstrong wheat (Ariivka, L 4696/96, KC-5, KC-7, KC-14, KC-22, Yuvivata 60, etc.) in comparison to monocultivar technology. Some genotypes, namely Yuvivata 60, Ariiivka KC-22, KC-7 have moderate and high resistance towards complex diseases. The mosaic planting pattern of cultivars is the important factor of increasing the diversity and strengthening the links in agricultural ecosystems.</p> <p>Based on the long-term ecological research of genetic forms of winter soft wheat in different ecotopes and comparing them by major agronomic features with cultivar-standards we selected some promising cultivars and lines. We suggested the semi dwarf, medium-grown productive, and high adaptive genotypes of wheat soft winter, like Prydesnianska, Ariiivka, Nosshpa 100, КС-5, КС-7, КС-14, КС-21, КС-22, Yuvivata 60, Zoriana Nosivska, КС-16, КС-17, Л9646/96.</p> <p><em>Key words:</em><strong><em> </em></strong><em>agrodiversity, genotype, wheat soft winter, address introduction<strong> </strong></em></p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document