scholarly journals Toxic and mutagenic activities of surface water from the Chumysh River

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
L. P. Khlebova ◽  
N. N. Chernysheva ◽  
A. P. Kraynov
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Test System ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Onion Root

<p>The Allium test system is worldwide used for biological monitoring of environmental pollutants. We have studied toxic and mutagenic activity of water from the Chumysh River, which is one of the largest tributaries of the Upper Ob. Water samples were taken near industrial settlement Talmenka (Altai Territory of Russia) during the spring flood and low autumn water level in 2015. Root tips of <em>Allium cepa</em> L. was used as a biological model. There were examined 30 samples. Purified tap water of medium hardness served as a control sample. After the synchronizing the cell divisions, the onion bulbs with roots reaching a length of 2-3 mm were transferred to glass cups containing the selected samples of River water and cultured for several days at a temperature of +24 ± 1°C. After exposure, root tips were rinsed in distilled water and fixed in a cold mixture of ethanol and acetic acid (3:1). Fixed samples were used after 12-24 h or transferred to 70% alcohol and stored in refrigerator at a temperature of +4°C until required. The fixed materials were hydrolyzed in 1N HCl at 60°C for 5-8 min and squashed in aceto-orcein.<strong> </strong>Prepared slides were viewed under the microscope at a magnification of ×90.<strong> </strong>The mitotic index (MI), the phase indices, the frequency of abnormal mitosis, and chromosomal aberrations were determined by the examination of 500 cells per a replicate (100 cells per slide). We established that the decreased or increased levels of mitotic activity and the frequencies of pathological mitoses (up to 7.9%, P &lt; 0.05) in onion root tips revealed the presence of mitotoxic and genotoxic agents in the Chumysh River water. We found that the most number of chromosomal abnormalities occurs at the stages of meta- or anaphase. The main abnormalities are chromosome laggings in meta- and anaphase, chromosome bridges, chromosome fragments and micronuclei. Their number increased in 5.0-10.8 times compared with the control value. It has been discovered the temporal and spatial distribution of compounds with different toxicity and genotoxicity within a stream. The greatest level of mitotic depression and the highest frequency of chromosomal mutations were observed in the tissues of the onion root tips germinated on the samples collected in low autumn water. The mechanisms of plant adaptation to unfavorable environmental factors are discussed.</p>

scholarly journals Studying the mutagenic activity of drinking water and soil samples selected from Kentau and adjacent territories

2021 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Oksana Cherednichenko ◽  
Serikbay Nuraliev ◽  
Galym Berkinbaev ◽  
Natalia Yakovleva ◽  
Yerlan Sadvakasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
Water And Soil Samples

In the course of carrying out a comprehensive assessment of the state of the environment and health of the population of the city of Kentau and adjacent territories, a study of the mutagenic activity of drinking water and soil samples taken in the territory of Kentau and adjacent settlements, the background territory and the comparison territory was carried out. In the course of the study, it was revealed that individual samples of drinking water and water extracts of soils cause a significant increase in the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in the cultures of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and in the Allium-test. Analysis of the total mutagenic activity of the samples under study indicates the absence of a fundamentally contaminated and/or clean territory in the studied region, which indicates their general contamination with a tendency to increase contamination in some places.

Estimation of Industrial Wastewaters Treatment Efficiency by Biotesting

2015 ◽  
Vol 725-726 ◽  
pp. 1499-1504
Author(s):  
Maria Andrianova ◽  
Ekaterina Bondarenko ◽  
Alexander N. Chusov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Treated Water

Toxicity of industrial waters at several stages of treatment in model experiment was esteemed in Allium test. It was shown that ability of water to inhibit growth of onions roots decreased together with decreasing of organic matter content in dependence near to logarithmic. Qualitative difference between organic matter in treated and not treated water was observed. In not treated samples diluted to concentrations about 300–550 mgTOC/L toxic effect was 5 times higher than in not diluted waters at final stages of treatment with close content of organic matter (400-460 mgTOC/L). Toxic effect of treated water was close to that of tap water (used as control sample and for wastewater dilution).

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity of Cheese and Cheddar Cheese food flavorings on Allim cepa L root meristems

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Moura ◽  
G. M. Santana ◽  
P. M. P. Ferreira ◽  
J. M. C. Sousa ◽  
A. P. Peron
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Cheddar Cheese ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Test System ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Division Rate ◽  
Root Meristems ◽  
Cheese Flavor

Abstract Despite their great importance for the food industry, flavorings, in general, raise a number of questions regarding their cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, since, in the literature, there are few studies found evaluating the toxicity on the systemic and cellular level, of these chemical compounds. The root meristems of Allium cepa (onion) are widely used for the assessment of toxicity of chemical compounds of interest. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate, in A. cepa meristematic cells, individually and in combination at the cellular level, the toxicity of synthetic Cheese and Cheddar Cheese food flavorings, identical to the natural, at doses of 1.0 and 2.0 mL, at exposure times of 24 and 48 hours. In combination we used 0.5 mL of Cheese flavor associated with 0.5 mL of Cheddar flavor; and 1.0 mL of Cheese flavor associated with 1.0 mL of Cheddar flavor, at exposure times of 24 and 48 hours. For these evaluations, we used groups of five onion bulbs, which were first embedded in distilled water and then transferred to their respective doses. The root tips were collected and fixed in acetic acid (3:1) for 24 hours. The slides were prepared by crushing and were stained with 2% acetic orcein. Cells were analyzed throughout the cell cycle, totaling 5,000 for each control and exposure time. The mitotic indices calculated and cellular aberrations observed were subjected to statistical analysis using the chi-square test (p <0.05). No chromosomal abnormalities nor those of mitotic spindle were observed for the treatments performed. The results, both individually and in combination, showed that the flavorings under study significantly reduced the cell division rate of the test system cells used. Therefore, under the conditions studied, the two flavorings were cytotoxic.

scholarly journals Assessment of the genotoxicity of water and soil in the places of storage of reserves of old pesticides by Allium-test

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Oksana Cherednichenko ◽  
Serikbay Nuraliev ◽  
Bakytzhan Bekmanov ◽  
Anastassiya Pilugina ◽  
Leila Dzhansugurova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitotic Activity ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Test System ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Interphase Cells ◽  
Almost All

Pesticides and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are a serious environmental problem for almost all countries of the world. The toxic and mutagenic activity of samples of natural water and water extracts of soils collected near the storage sites of old and prohibited pesticides located in the villages of Kyzylkairat, Amangeldy, Beskainar, Belbulak, Enbekshi. Territories of comparison Basshi village (Altyn Emel National Park) and near farmland, where pesticides were used in the past (Taukaraturk village, Almaty region) was investigated. Allium cepa L. was used as a biological test system. The mitotic activity and the frequency of disturbances at different stages of mitosis in onion root meristem were evaluated. Chemical analysis showed that in all soil samples the total content of 24 POPsPesticides exceeds the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). It was established that the level of mitotic activity of Allium cepa cells in all samples was slightly reduced compared with the control. In soil samples, the frequency of micronuclei in interphase cells (0.22-3.25%) is higher than in water samples (0.36-0.99%) (control 0.41%). The revealed increased level of cytogenetic disorders correlates with the total content of organochlorine pesticides.

Evaluation of the disinfection potential of low chlorine concentrations in tap water using immobilised enterococcus faecium in a continuous flow device

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Wiedenmann ◽  
M. Braun ◽  
K. Botzenhart
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Test System ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Flow Device ◽  
Faecal Streptococci

A simple continuous flow device in which bacteria were immobilised on membrane filters and flushed with tap water with free chlorine residuals of 0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4mg/L at pH 7.7 and 10°C, has been used for disinfection experiments with faecal streptococci. A 99.99% reduction of Enterococcus faecium was observed between 3.4–5.2min (0.05mg/L), between 2.8–4.1min (0.1mg/L), between 1.7–3.1min (0.2mg/L) and between 0.8–2.1min (0.4mg/L). CT-products covered a range of 0.17 (0.05mg/L, lower limit) up to 0.85mg/L/min (0.4mg/L, upper limit). The test system is suggested as a more reliable alternative to batch experiments when the disinfection potential of low chlorine concentrations acting for several minutes has to be evaluated. The system cannot be used to demonstrate exact reduction kinetics but it allows the calculation of CT values and the evaluation of the disinfection potential of chlorinated water at any point of a distribution system where initial chlorine concentrations may have already remarkably declined.

2,4-Dichlorophenol and MCPA in a V79 Test

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Geirid Fiskesjö
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Chinese Hamster Cell ◽  
Test System ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Allium Test ◽  
Chinese Hamster Cell Line ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

Two industrial chemicals, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), which have no toxic effects on the Chinese hamster cell line V79 alone, were tested for toxicity and mutagenicity in a cell-mediated test, where mixed-function oxidase (MFO) enzymes are active in the metabolism of xenobiotics. For 2,4-dichlorophenol, a dose-dependent toxicity as well as a slight mutagenicity could be shown when oxygenation enzymes were present. A similar degree of toxicity in a plant test system (the Allium test) indicates a similar risk of damage from exposure to dichlorophenol treatments in both these systems. MCPA did not induce any toxic or mutagenic effects at the concentrations tested. These results were not in agreement with previous results in plant material, where MCPA was clearly toxic at relatively low doses. However, since chlorophenols have been found in plants sprayed with phenoxyacetic acids, further investigations should be performed concerning potential risk to human beings.

Glycosyltransferases in plant and animal tissues effects of fixation and lead on enzyme activity.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 772-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
W D Klohs ◽  
C W Goff ◽  
R J Bernacki
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Lead Ions ◽  
Fixation Time ◽  
Animal Tissues ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Cytochemical Localization ◽  
Onion Root ◽  
L1210 Cells

As the initial step toward the cytochemical localization of glycosyl-transferases in situ, biochemical determinations of these enzyme activities from onion root tips and L1210 cells were performed before and after fixation as well as in the presence of lead ions. Glycosyltransferase activity from roots fixed in buffered formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde before homogenization decreased as the concentration of the fixative or fixation time was increased. Formaldehyde fixation was less inhibitory than glutaraldehyde; 35% of the glycosyltransferase activity was retained after 30 min fixation in 2% formaldehyde while 25% of the enzyme activity remained after a similar fixation in glutaraldehyde. Substantially higher levels of L1210 cell glycosyltransferase activity were retained after a 30 min 2% formaldehyde fixation (60% sialyltransferase; 82% galactosyltransferase), but inhibition by glutaraldehyde was similar to that observed for onion root galactosyltransferase. Glycosyltransferase from formaldehyde-fixed roots was inhbited 35% by lead nitrate, but sialytransferase from formaldehyde-fixed L1210 cells was unaffected by lead ions. These findings are encouraging for further studies aimed at the development of cytochemical technique to localize glycosyltransferase in plant and animal tissues.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Mutagenic Activity of Extracts of Brazilian Propolis in Topical Pharmaceutical Formulations on Mammalian CellsIn VitroandIn Vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Marques Senedese ◽  
Aline Rafaela Rodrigues ◽  
Michelle Andrade Furtado ◽  
Viviane Dias Faustino ◽  
Andresa A. Berretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Test System ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Topical Formulations

Propolis possesses various biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anesthetic and antioxidant properties. A topically applied product based on Brazilian green propolis was developed for the treatment of burns. For such substance to be used more safely in future clinical applications, the present study evaluated the mutagenic potential of topical formulations supplemented with green propolis extract (1.2, 2.4 and 3.6%) based on the analysis of chromosomal aberrations and of micronuclei. In thein vitrostudies, 3-h pulse (G1phase of the cell cycle) and continuous (20 h) treatments were performed. In thein vivoassessment, the animals were injured on the back and then submitted to acute (24 h), subacute (7 days) and subchronic (30 days) treatments consisting of daily dermal applications of gels containing different concentrations of propolis. Similar frequencies of chromosomal aberrations were observed for cultures submitted to 3-h pulse and continuous treatment with gels containing different propolis concentrations and cultures not submitted to any treatment. However, in the continuous treatment cultures treated with the 3.6% propolis gel presented significantly lower mitotic indices than the negative control. No statistically significant differences in the frequencies of micronuclei were observed between animals treated with gels containing different concentrations of propolis and the negative control for the three treatment times. Under the present conditions, topical formulations containing different concentrations of green propolis used for the treatment of burns showed no mutagenic effect in either test system, but 3.6% propolis gel was found to be cytotoxic in thein vitrotest.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF MECHANOMAGNETIC ACTIVATION OF SOLUTIONS CaCl2 AND Na2S2O3 ON PHASE STRUCTURE OF CEMENT STONE

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Tatyana E. Slizneva ◽  
Marina V. Akulova ◽  
Pavel B. Razgovorov
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Cement Stone ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Carbonate Ion ◽  
Joint Influence ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Forms

The mechanism of the joint influence of the magnetic field and hydrodynamic cavitation on the properties of CaCl2 and Na2S2O3 solutions used for mixing cement pastes is considered. Hydrodynamic cavitation leads to the formation of reactive oxygen forms, HCO3– anions, carbon dioxide nanobubbles, and initiates the interaction of new forms with impurity metal cations dissolved in water. After mechanomagnetic treatment of the solutions, particles of a solid phase with sizes of 5...10 and 10...100 nm were found in them. The observed increase in the ξ- potential indicates the stabilization of such dispersed systems with the preservation of nanoscale fractions in them (up to 3 days). At the same time, the progress of reactions under the conditions of tightness that occur after cement paste has been mixed. The effect of activating factors in tap water is more pronounced than in distilled water, which is explained by the process of hydration of the carbonate ion and the formation of fine nucleation centers. Using X-ray phase analysis, it was found that, along with calcite, aragonite crystallizes in the resulting cement stone, which is practically absent in the control sample. In addition, the analysis of diffraction patterns taken on the modified samples reveals the inclusion of a carbonate ion. Obviously, optimization of the pore space in the cement stone is achieved both by clogging the pores with fine calcium carbonate, and by forming small pores during crystallization of ettringite-like phases. It is established that the resulting cement stone is characterized by increased strength (by 9-30%) and frost resistance (up to 55%) compared to that obtained by the traditional method.

scholarly journals Effect of Addition of Citric Acid and Sodium Benzoate on pH and Microbial Profile of Soymilk

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnpaul I. Agbaka ◽  
Charles N. Ishiwu ◽  
Ajibola N. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sodium Benzoate ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Chemical Preservatives

Aim: To study the synergistic effect of chemical preservatives on the keeping quality of soymilk. Study Design: Ten soymilk samples were prepared and treated with different concentrations of citric acid and sodium benzoate and stored at ambient conditions. Place and duration of Study: The present study was conducted at the Department of Food Science and Technology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka between March 2015 and June 2016 Methodology: Ten (10) soymilk samples were prepared. Soybean seeds (2 kg) that are free of dirt and stones were weighed and steeped in 4 L of tap water, a 12 h steeping regime was adopted. Each soymilk sample was formulated by adding different concentrations of sodium benzoate and citric acid, while the control sample had no treatment. All soymilk samples were then boiled at 75oC for 15 minutes and stored in storage bottles. Standard microbiological techniques were employed in the isolation and enumeration of potential spoilage organisms in soymilk samples. pH analysis was conducted throughout the storage period. Results: There was a decrease in pH of all soymilk samples with increasing storage time. pH at day 0 ranged between 6.2 to 7.2. Isolated bacteria in 10 soymilk samples included Streptococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Proteus sp., Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp., Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter species. However, results obtained showed that soymilk could keep up to 7 days at ambient temperature, encouraging the use of citric acid and sodium benzoate as chemical preservatives. Conclusion: In the present study, preservation of soymilk samples from a combination of citric acid and sodium benzoate which are chemical preservatives was found to be more effective than several organic preservatives. Hence, they represent an alternative source of chemical antimicrobial substances for use in food systems to prevent the growth of food borne microorganisms and extend the shelf-life of processed food.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document