scholarly journals Carpenter-moths (Lepidoptera, Cossidae) from the collections of Institute of Zoology of Azerbaijan National Academy of Science

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-90
Author(s):  
N. Yu. Snegovaya ◽  
R. V. Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
First Time ◽  
Azerbaijan National Academy

<p>Examining the Cossidae of Transcaucasia we have studied specimens of this family deposited in the collection of the Institute of Zoology of Azerbaijan National Academy of Science (Baku). The collection includes 10 species of 9 genera and 2 subfamilies collected in the middle of the 20th century on the territory of three countries: Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, and Russia. Several species are indicated for the fauna of Azerbaijan for the first time.</p>

scholarly journals Catalogue of the primatological collection of the Torino University

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Calvini ◽  
Maria Stella Siori ◽  
Spartaco Gippoliti ◽  
Marco Pavia
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Great Part ◽  
Type Specimen ◽  
Zoological Garden ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

The revised catalogue of primatological material stored in the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali of Torino and in the Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi of the Università degli Studi di Torino and belonging to the historical material of the Torino University is introduced. The material, 494 specimens belonging to 399 individuals of 122 taxa, is of particular importance since specimens were mainly obtained during the 19th Century and the beginning of the 20th Century. A relevant part of the collection was created by the collaborators of the Museum, among which it is worth to mention F. De Filippi, A. Borelli and E. Festa, while other material came from purchases and donations from private people or the Royal Zoological Garden of Torino. Great part of the specimens is stuffed but also the osteological materials are of particular importance, as many of them derived from the specimens before being prepared and consisting of skulls or more or less complete skeletons. After this revision, the Lectotype and Paralectotypes of <em>Alouatta</em> <em>palliata</em> <em>aequatorialis</em> have been selected, and the type-specimen of the <em>brunnea</em> variety of <em>Cebus</em> <em>albifrons</em> <em>cuscinus</em> has been recognized. In addition, some specimens of particular historical-scientific importance have also been identified and here presented for the first time.

scholarly journals Digital Graphic Documentation and Architectural Heritage: Deformations in a 16th-Century Ceiling of the Pinelo Palace in Seville (Spain)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Juan Reinoso-Gordo ◽  
Antonio Gámiz-Gordo ◽  
Pedro Barrero-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Digital Images ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Digital Documentation ◽  
First Time

Suitable graphic documentation is essential to ascertain and conserve architectural heritage. For the first time, accurate digital images are provided of a 16th-century wooden ceiling, composed of geometric interlacing patterns, in the Pinelo Palace in Seville. Today, this ceiling suffers from significant deformation. Although there are many publications on the digital documentation of architectural heritage, no graphic studies on this type of deformed ceilings have been presented. This study starts by providing data on the palace history concerning the design of geometric interlacing patterns in carpentry according to the 1633 book by López de Arenas, and on the ceiling consolidation in the 20th century. Images were then obtained using two complementary procedures: from a 3D laser scanner, which offers metric data on deformations; and from photogrammetry, which facilitates the visualisation of details. In this way, this type of heritage is documented in an innovative graphic approach, which is essential for its conservation and/or restoration with scientific foundations and also to disseminate a reliable digital image of the most beautiful ceiling of this Renaissance palace in southern Europe.

Early (Avant-garde) Symphonies by Valentin Silvestrov As a Sound Universe

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 329-343
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Shapovalova ◽  
Іryna Romaniuk ◽  
Marianna Chernyavska ◽  
Svitlana Shchelkanova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Philosophy Of Music ◽  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Third ◽  
Ninth Symphony ◽  
Human Ontology ◽  
First Time

"In the article under consideration are the ways of symphony genre transformation in the early works of Valentin Silvestrov (Ukraine). For the first time, the First, Second, Third, and Fourth symphonies by the genius composers of the 20th century are analyzed as a certain stylistic system. These compositions are endowed with the features of avant-garde poetics, and as a subject of musicological reflection, they are associated with a rethinking of the semantic paradigm of the genre. V. Silvestrov's early symphonies stand out from the classical practice of European symphonies. Scientific awareness of their phenomenal nature necessitated a methodological choice aimed at the most accurate identification of the philosophical concept of the new sound universum of V. Silvestrov's music. Deep correlation of the image of a human being as a factor of the symphony poetics (the influence of philosophical concepts of human ontology in the 20th century with the transformation of the genre canon) is considered. This refers to the nonmusical dimension of the genre semantics. The study of V. Silvestrov's early symphonies reveal a new philosophy of music through gradual movement – modulation: from the neo-baroque First Symphony and ""cosmic pastorals"" Musica Mundana of the Second Symphony through the history anthropologisation in the Third Symphony ""Eschatology"" to the monodrama Musica Humana in the Fourth Symphony. The dichotomy of Musica Mundana – Musica Humana is not accidental: in V. Silvestrov's creative method, remains relevant, which is confirmed by the dramaturgy of his latest work – the Ninth symphony (2019). Keywords: V. Silvestrov's early symphonies, evolution of style, worldview, Musica Mundana, monodrama. "

scholarly journals On the Monograph by E.A. Zachevskij “The Man who Lied while telling the Truth. Life and Work of Wolfgang Koeppen” (St. Petersburg, Kriega, 2019. 752 p.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-527
Author(s):  
Tamara V. Kudryavtseva ◽  
Alla A. Strelnikova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
German Literature ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Fictional World ◽  
Detailed Survey ◽  
Literary Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

E.A. Zachevsky’s book is the first study about the Western German author Wolfgang Koeppen (1906–1996). For the first time in the national and international literary studies, the monograph offers a detailed survey of the writer’s life and work as well as defines his place and role in the 20th century German literature. The author analyzes philosophic views as well as the properties of his fictional world and highlights the key moments of his peculiar poetic manner. The book touches upon the main issues of the German literary process and integrates Koeppen’s work into this process which allows us to read the volume as a mini-history of 20th century German literature.

scholarly journals The evolution of theoretical and practical basis of proceeding from beard tillage to beardless tillage and from surface tillage to no-tillage of Ukrainian soils since the middle of the first part of the 20th century up today

2018 ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
І. Prymak ◽  
А. Panchenko ◽  
M. Voitovyk ◽  
V. Karpenko ◽  
S. Levandovska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
First Person ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
First Time ◽  
Research Institute

The evolutional way of developing of the theoretical and practical basis of main tillage since the middle of the first part of the 20th century up today is highlighted. Exaggerated ideologization of science, government monopoly of academician V.R. Williams from thirties to fifties years of the 20th century caused big losses in agrarian science, especially in farming and agriculture sciences. The disaster of Williams was caused by absolute priority of soil conditioning and universalization of developed by him grass rotation system of farming. Till fifties in crop farming arable tillage to the depth at least 20–22 cm dominated completely. The first person in the USSR to refuse from a plough was T.S. Maltsev who recommended to hold deep beardless tillage once in 4–5 years, and for the rest of the time to use surface one (up to 8 cm) or surface tillage (10–12 cm) with discs. After T.S. Maltsev works, the issues of differentiation of tilled soil layers under beardless and surface tillage became especially controversial. The final boost for the development of theoretical and practical basis of tillage minimization was soil protecting system suggested by the group of scientists of the former All-Soviet Union Research Institute of grain growing headed by O.І. Baraievyi. It was based on beardless tillage, sowing with stubbly seeding machines, flap and buffer planting, snow capture etc. Early adopters of a full refusal from beard tillage in Ukraine during 80–90ies years were І.Ye. Shcherbak, F.M. Morgun, M.K. Shykula, S.S. Antonets and their students and followers. Nowadays the majority of national scientists consider the differential different depth tillage as the most effective one during crop rotations, which includes alternation of different ways, events and means of soil tillage depending on ecological conditions, crops biological features, structure of crop acreage, fertilization systems and plants protection etc. In scientists opinion, the minimal tillage is available on 3 millions of hectare and no-tillage is available on 5,49 millions of hectare out of 30 millions of tilled soils in Ukraine. In thirties V.R. Williams and M.S. Sokolov criticized surface tillage. Academician M.M. Tulaykov who was openly against doctrines of V.R. Williams recommended surface tillage in dry regions which in his opinion had to protect tilled soil from wind formed processes. He claimed that surface tillage is economically suitable for poor husbandries and that dust storms are the result of a constant daily soil drifting caused by deep tillage. In forties an American farmer E. Folkner widely promoted surface tillage together with soil mulching with plant matters of green crops. The first person to refuse from beard tillage in the first part of the 20th century in the Soviet empire was T.S. Maltsev. He proved decisively the advantages of beardless tillage over beard one in Transurals. T.S. Maltsev suggested the whole range of tools for soil tillage developed by him, the main of which were cultrate pulverizers and a beardless plough. The necessity of tillage with plough was the main stereotype existing in the world tillage theory and practice till the fifties. Scientific inheritance of M.M. Tulaykov became one of the bases for reconsideration of the concept of V.R. Williams existing in Ukraine. He concluded that it was necessary to change beard tillage to surface one to the depth 10-12 cm under which root system of one-year-old plants would be decomposed in tight soil where anoxic conditions must dominate. And to cultivate bottom layers it was necessary to hold deep tillage with beardless ploughs once in 4–5 years. The first person to refuse from a plough in the USSR was T.S. Maltsev. He suggested using surface plowing with disc tillers and deep beardless tillage (40–50 cm) once in 4–5 years instead of tillage in crops rotation of Transural. In 1952 he made a beardless plough for the first time. The most controversial issue among the scientists of Ukraine was differentiation of the tilled layer and its effect on crop productivity under beardless and surface tillage. In sixties and seventies O.I. Baraiev and his colleagues from All Soviet Union Research Institute of grain farming headed by him developed for the first time a soil protective system based exceptionally on different depth beardless tillage in crop rotations, usage of stubbly seeding machines, subsurface cultivators, soil spikers, coulisse fallow, buffer planting etc. In Ukraine during eighties and nineties years a complete refusal from beard tillage in favor of beardless tillage was supported by І.Ye. Shcherbak, F.T. Morgun, M.K. Shykula, S.S. Antonets and other scientists and experts. High weed infestation of fields under such tillage was the main obstacle to its widespread usage. In the 21st century the majority of scientists recommend differential different depth main tillage which suggests different ways, events and means of its implementation in crop rotations depending on biological features of crop, soil and climate conditions, fertilizing systems, plant protection etc, 13 millions hectare of tilled soil is technologically suitable for minimum tillage in Ukraine, and the rest 5,5 million hectare do not even need tillage at all. Key words: tillage, soil, evolution, plough, subsurface cultivator, erosion, minimization, differentiation.

scholarly journals Мансийские исследования: от истоков к современности

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-765
Author(s):  
Natalia A. Koshelyuk ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Online Research ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Language Research ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
First Time

Introduction. The article reviews background studies on the Mansi language and its dialects performed by European and Russian (Soviet) linguists. Goals. The paper seeks to provide a comprehensive historical description of Mansi language research. Methods. The descriptive and comparative-historical methods have been employed thereto. Results. The work arranges the studies chronologically — from earliest research activities to contemporary ones — highlighting most essential achievements. Mansi is one of the least studied languages with earliest written accounts dating to the 16th-17th centuries. The earliest Mansi dictionaries were compiled by explorers and missionaries (I. Kuroedov, S. Cherkalov, P. S. Pallas, etc.) in the 18th century. In the 19th century, the Mansi language officially became a subject of scientific research, and expeditions by Finnish and Hungarian linguists (Antal Reguly, August Engelbrekt Ahlqvist, Bernát Munkácsi, Artturi Kannisto) proved the first field studies. In the 20th century, quite a number of European scientists have contributed to Mansi language research, namely: W. Steinitz, L. Honti, K. F. Кarjalainen, M. Bakró-Nagy, K. Rédei, M. Szilasi, and others. In Russia, the first Mansi studies were initiated by Soviet scholars in the 1930s (V. Chernetsov, A. Balandin). Studies in spoken Mansi evolved into a national Cyrillic alphabet, and for the first time ever there were published comprehensive works dealing with Mansi studies, textbooks on Mansi phonetics, morphology, and grammar. Experimental phonetic explorations emerged in the mid-to-late 20th century resulting in new Mansi dictionaries (A. Sainakhova, T. FrankKamenetskaya, E. Rombandeeva, and others). Mansi studies in the 21st century in Russia and Europe have reached a brand new level: there appeared online research laboratories and linguistic platforms which make it possible to further investigate the Mansi language and verify up-to-date materials.

“Can a Leopard Change His Spots?”: The American Composers’ Fortunes in Nicolas Slonimsky’s Letters to Vladimir Dukelsky

10.34690/26 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 170-189
Author(s):  
А.С. Максимова
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Library Of Congress ◽  
American Composers ◽  
20Th Century Music ◽  
Research Material ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

Исследовательским материалом статьи послужили письма Н. Слонимского к В. Дукельскому из Коллекции Вернона Дюка Библиотеки Конгресса США. Впервые публикуются фрагменты писем с 1937 по 1969 год, в которых Н. Слонимский высказывался о музыкальной жизни ХХ века. Кратко освещена история знакомства (1918) и общения Н. Слонимского и В. Дукельского. Тема избранной для статьи переписки - судьбы профессии композитора в США, включая взаимоотношения композитора и дирижера, проблему творческого успеха. В статье освещены некоторые подробности визита Слонимского в СССР. The research material of the article comprise Nicolas Slonimskys letters to Vladimir Dukelsky from the Vernon Duke Collection of the Library of Congress (USA). Large fragments from the letters of 1937 to 1969 which contain Slonimskys thoughts on the 20th century music are being quoted for the first time. The author briefly observes the history of the two musicians acquaintance (1918) and contacts. The correspondence selected for the article embraces such topics as: the profession of composer in the USA, arrangements between composers and conductors, and a problem of public success. The article also contains some details on Slonimskys visit to the USSR.

Supra-constitutional norms in constitutional law

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-127
Author(s):  
Dmitry Shustrov
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Positive Character ◽  
Constitutional Changes

The idea of supra-constitutionality was formulated in the science of constitutional law in the second quarter of the 20th century and associated with the names of M.Hauriou and K.Schmitt, who for the first time noticed the possibility of the existence of norms that are higher than the constitution. This article is an attempt to give the doctrine of supra-constitutionality an actual theoretical and dogmatic meaning in the context of the study of the material limits of constitutional changes. The doctrine of supra-constitutionality claims to play an important role in explaining that unchangeable norms can exist in constitutional law and that they cannot be excluded, changed, limited, overcome, affected by the other sources of constitutional law, including the constitution itself. Supra-constitutionality is viewed as a characteristic of unchangeable constitutional norms that constitute the material limits of constitutional changes. Supra-constitutionality presupposes the existence of norms that surpass the rest of the constitutional norms and predetermine their content through the definition of what can, should and should not be included in the constitution or excluded from it. The basis of constitutional supra-constitutionality is the argument of hierarchical differentiation. In addition to recognizing unchangeable constitutional norms as supra-constitutional, the article raises the question of the existence of natural law and international law supra-constitutional norms. Natural law supra-constitutional norms have an external and non-positive character. They are not enshrined in the constitution, but stem from a reasonably understood concept of what is due in the most civilized societies, which is determined by the constitutional court. International law supra-constitutionality is understood as the superiority of the norms of international law over the constitution. It has an external and positive character. International law supra-constitutionality can cause political objections from opponents of the absolute rule of international law. Supra-constitutional constitutional, natural and international law norms can come into conflict with each other. The paradox of the doctrine of supra-constitutionality lies in the fact that it creates a hierarchy of norms within the constitution itself, distinguishing between simple and supra-constitutional constitutional norms, or distinguishes certain non-positive norms that are outside the constitution, as having priority over the constitution, or puts some norms of international law over all norms of national law, including the constitution. The purpose of the doctrine of supra-constitutionality is to preserve the inviolable fundamental (natural or generally recognized) values, which justifies its logical flaws and paradoxicality.

Historiosophy of N.Ya. Danilevsky

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Victor V. Aksyuchits
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
World History ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Russian People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

According to the author of the article, N.Ya. Danilevsky anticipated a lot of ideas of the 20th century, in particular those of O. Spengler and A. Toynbee, by offering his concept of cultural and historical types in the book “Russia and Europe”. At the same time N.Ya. Danilevsky was in many aspects the follower of Slavophils while interpreting the originality of Russian people and Russian culture. After the turn of the educated society circles to Russian national self-comprehension initiated by Slavophils, N.Ya. Danilevsky not only scientifically formulated the problems brought forth by the Slavophils, but also offered for the first time the resolution of new important questions by analyzing the world history and the history of Slavic peoples. The author especially stresses the role of N.Ya. Danilevsky in creating the historiosophic concept that forestalled the epoch for many decades.

Fernando Ortiz on Afro-Cuban Music

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Moore
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
New World ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Fernando Ortiz ◽  
Cuban Studies ◽  
First Time ◽  
American Authors ◽  
Insight Into

Fernando Ortiz is recognized today as one of the most influential Latin American authors of the 20th century. Amazingly prolific, his publications written between the 1890s and the mid-1950s engage with a vast array of subjects and disciplines. Perhaps Ortiz’s most significant accomplishments were the creation of the field of Afro-Cuban studies and major early contributions to the emergent field of Afro-diasporic studies. Almost everyone else associated with similar research began their investigations decades after Ortiz and in dialogue with his work. Ortiz was one of the first to seriously examine slave and post-abolition black cultures in Cuba. His studies became central to new and more positive discourses surrounding African-derived expression in the mid-20th century that embraced it as national expression for the first time in Latin America. This essay considers Ortiz’s academic career and legacy as regards Afro-Cuban musical study beginning in the early 20th century (when his views were quite dated, even racist) and gradual, progressive changes in his attitudes. Ortiz’s work on music and dance have been underrepresented in existing academic literature, despite the fact that most of his late publications focus on such topics and are considered among his most valuable works. His writings on black heritage provide insight into the struggles within New World societies to overcome the racial/evolutionist ideologies that justified colonial subjugation. His scholarship resonates with broader debates throughout the Americas over the meanings of racial pluralism and the legacy of slavery. And his changing views over the years outline the trajectory of modern Western thought as regards Africa and race, specifically the contributions of Afro-diasporic peoples, histories, and cultures to New World societies.

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