scholarly journals ОЦІНКА ІСНУЮЧИХ ЗАГРОЗ ВІТРОПАРКІВ ПІВДНЯ УКРАЇНИ ДЛЯ МІГРАЦІЙНОЇ ОРНИІТОФАУНИ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. I. Gorlov ◽  
V. D. Siokhin ◽  
A. V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Field Trips ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
North East

<p>The article presents data on the species diversity, the number of birds, directions and altitudes of flight during the periods of seasonal migrations based on studies of 13 wind farms in the Ukrainian Azov-Black Sea region. In total 194 expedition field trips have been performed for 549 days. There are 3 wind farms in the Black Sea basin, 7 in the Sivash-Dzharylgach basin and 3 in the Azov basin. We registered 100 bird species, but they use the territory of wind farms in different ways: they always present, periodically fly or do not fly to the wind farm. A large number of wetlands located in the Azov-Black Sea region attract waterfowl bird species that dominated (79.8% of the total number in spring and 68.7% in autumn). The analysis of the birds stay at the wind farm sites shows that there were registered not more than 25% of the total number of birds recorded in the study area. The main flight directions were north-east in spring (23.7% of all flights) and south-west in autumn (29.6%). Flying birds were registered at different altitudes, but 89.5% of birds flew in the range up to 50 m above the ground in spring and 79.1% – in autumn. The threats of wind farms on birds was evaluated by integrated management assessment tolls. It was found that just few of birds (about of 1 percent) could fly at dangerous altitudes (45-155 m) over the wind farm areas and cross the wind farm barrier. This wind turbines’ impact on the birds was considered as rather insignificant. The bird deaths caused by collisions with the wind turbines were not registered.</p>

scholarly journals The spatial pattern of selected extreme precipitation indices for Turkey (1975-2012)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Faize Sarış
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Rainy Days

AbstractThis paper analyses extreme precipitation characteristics of Turkey based on selected WMO climate change indices. The indices – monthly total rainy days (RDays); monthly maximum 1-day precipitation (Rx1day); simple precipitation intensity index (SDII); and monthly count of days when total precipitation (represented by PRCP) exceeds 10 mm (R10mm) – were calculated for 98 stations for the 38-year overlapping period (1975–2012). Cluster analysis was applied to evaluate the spatial characterisation of the annual precipitation extremes. Four extreme precipitation clusters were detected. Cluster 1 corresponds spatially to Central and Eastern Anatolia and is identified with the lowest values of the indices, except rainy days. Cluster 2 is concentrated mainly on the west and south of Anatolia, and especially the coastal zone, and can be characterised with the lowest rainy days, and high and moderate values of other indices. These two clusters are the most prominent classes throughout the country, and include a total of 82 stations. Cluster 3 is clearly located in the Black Sea coastal zone in the north, and has high and moderate index values. Two stations on the north-east coast of the Black Sea region are identified as Cluster 4, which exhibits the highest values among all indices. The overall results reveal that winter months and October have the highest proportion of precipitation extremes in Turkey. The north-east part of the Black Sea region and Mediterranean coastal area from the south-west to the south-east are prone to frequent extreme precipitation events.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Some State-Of-The-Art Wind Technologies in the Nearshore of the Black Sea

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Onea ◽  
Liliana Rusu
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Satellite Measurements ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Wind Resources

The main objective of this work was to evaluate the nearshore wind resources in the Black Sea area by using a high resolution wind database (ERA-Interim). A subsequent objective was to estimate what type of wind turbines and wind farm configurations would be more suitable for this coastal environment. A more comprehensive picture of these resources was provided by including some satellite measurements, which were also used to assess the wind conditions in the vicinity of some already operating European wind projects. Based on the results of the present work, it seems that the Crimea Peninsula has the best wind resources. However, considering the current geopolitical situation, it seems that the sites on the western part of this basin (Romania and Bulgaria) would represent more viable locations for developing offshore wind projects. Since there are currently no operational wind projects in this marine area, some possible configurations for the future wind farms are proposed.

scholarly journals Comparison of cost indicators of Ukrainian wind farms with cost indicators of wind energy global producers

2021 ◽  
Vol 915 (1) ◽  
pp. 012014
Author(s):  
V Podhurenko ◽  
Yu Kutsan ◽  
V Terekhov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Technical Problem ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The World ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Sea Area

Abstract Efficiency improvement in wind conversion field is the most critical scientific-and-technical problem, which is chiefly settled by increasing the power of wind turbines. A new technique was pioneered for determining the efficiency of wind turbines operation in the wind conditions of the Northern Black Sea region of Ukraine. It is found out that the main parameters that have an impact on the cost of electricity are as follows: the cost of a wind turbine itself and annual electric energy production. The cost indicators of wind turbines of the Ukrainian wind farms were defined in the wind conditions of the Northern Black Sea region in 2018, according to which it was ascertained that the cost of electric energy generated in Ukraine was by 17 % cheaper as compared to the world cost value. In illustration of application of the first ever developed technique, we have made the assessment of effective operation of the Ukrainian wind farms in the years of 2019 – 2020. The results obtained bear compelling evidence as to the correlations between the cost of produced electric energy and the size of wind turbines. In view of the above, application of wind turbines of super-large sizes in the conditions of the Northern Black Sea area of Ukraine (as well as in other regions of the world) is hardly expedient due to increase in the cost of electric power generated by them.

scholarly journals Tectonolinament framework of the Black Sea region and the surrounding areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Vladimir Pokalyuk ◽  
Igor Lomakin ◽  
Valentyn Verkhovtsev ◽  
Vladimir Kochelab
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mobile Belt ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Lateral Displacements ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Modern high-precision global digital 3-d models of the relief of the continents and the ocean floor (SRTM, GEBCO) are the objective basis to clarify the structure and features of the organization of the planetary fault network of of the Black Sea region and adjacent areas of the Mediterranean mobile belt and surrounding platform areas, to find out the location of the main transregional supermegalineaments forming the deep structural-tectonic framework of the territory. A complete consistency of the structural plan of faults and fault zones within the sea areas and continental surroundings is established. The structural position of the Black Sea basin as a whole is determined by its location at the intersection area (superposition, interference) of the diagonal (subdiagonal) transcontinental tectonolinament belts: the north-west – Elba-Zagros, Caucasus-Kopetdag, and the north-east – Atlas- Black Sea. The absence of large-scale lateral displacements at the intersection nodes of differently oriented supermegalineament systems indicates the relative autonomous stationarity and inheritance of the formation of the lyneament framework during the entire Mezozoic-Cenozoic and relatively low-shear nature of its implementation. This feature of the Black Sea region structural pattern significantly limits the possibility of using neomobilistic geodynamic models to explain the history of the geological development of the region. The strict consistency and orderliness of the lineament framework can be ensured only by global planetary factors associated with the influence of the rotational regime of the Earth's shells on the stress distribution in the lithosphere.

scholarly journals Methodological approaches to the study of cyclonic systems related to different types of intense storms in the North Black Sea region

2020 ◽  
pp. 05-14
Author(s):  
V.N. Maslova ◽  
◽  
E.N. Voskresenskaya ◽  
A.V. Yurovsky ◽  
V.Yu. Zhuravsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Mixed Type ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Central Type ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Sea Coast

The aim of the paper is to study the surface and mid – tropospheric synoptic fields, the location of trajectories and of the deep cyclones centers for different selected types of storm for the cases if the wave heights are of at least 5 m. The sets of cyclone parameters in the Black Sea region were analysef within the 37°-50° N, 27°-45° E. Cyclones and their main parameters were determined using 4-term NCEP / NCAR reanalysis data sets on the 1000 and 500 hPa geopotential height (GPH) in 1951-2017. Bardin’s methodology was used for calculation. Deep cyclones were identified by the criterion of exceeding the upper 75% quartile threshold of the depth (≥40 gpm) and intensity (≥16.8 gpm) of cyclones. It was done by analogy with the method used earlier by the authors to calculate extreme precipitation and statistical characteristics of storms. In addition, we used the author’s method of objective tracking using spline interpolation on the bases of sea surface pressure from the same NCEP / NCAR reanalysis. The reason to apply an additional method was the result obtained during the work realisation: about 30% of extreme storms in the region are caused by small local cyclones that occur over the Black sea. however, some of them cannot be determined using method 1 due to the coarser step of isogyps. As a result, the distribution of deep cyclone centers and their trajectories of different storm types at the Northern Black Sea coast for the cases if the wave height of at least 5 m is shown. It is found that storm types depend of synoptic field features. The centers of deep cyclones are concentrated to the North from the Black Sea coast (for Western type 1B), to the Northwest (for mixed type 2A), to the North-East (for mixed type 2B), and to the South-Eeast (for Central type 3).

Obsidian Exchange Networks in Prehistoric Anatolia: New Data from the Black Sea Region

Paléorient ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Bleda S. Düring ◽  
Bernard Gratuze
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Exchange Networks ◽  
Black Sea Region

The referendum as an institution in the Black Sea Region: Does it signal the rise or collapse of democracy?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Podolak
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Democratic Systems ◽  
Important State ◽  
Constitutional Changes

Views on the institution of direct democracy have changed during the period of democratic transition. The various advantages and positive effects of direct democracy have been confirmed by the practice of some democratic countries. Its educational and political activation value for society was also noted, without which civil society cannot form. The referendum is especially treated as the purest form of correlation between the views of society and the decisions of its representatives. In a situation where two representative bodies are present – the parliament and the president – a referendum is considered a means of resolving disputes between them in important state affairs. The referendum is nowadays becoming more than just a binding or consultative opinion on a legislative act, especially a constitution. First and foremost, it is important to see the extension of the type and scope of issues that are subject to direct voting. Apart from the traditional, i.e., constitutional changes, polarising issues that raise considerable emotion have become the subject of referenda. Problems of this type include, in particular, moral issues, membership in international organisations, and so-called ‘New Policy’. This article presents the role and importance of the referendum as an institution shaping the democratic systems of the Black Sea Region.

ANALYSIS OF THE FUNCTIONING OF MARINE ECOSYSTEMS ON CHANGING THE PARAMETERS OF THE BIOLUMINESCENCE FIELD ON THE CRIMEAN BLACK SEA SHELF

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Rubtsova ◽  
Svetlana Rubtsova ◽  
Natalya Lyamina ◽  
Natalya Lyamina ◽  
Aleksey Lyamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Field Intensity ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Intensity Increase ◽  
First Time

The concept of a new approach to environmental assessment is offered in the system of integrated management of the resource and environmental safety of the coastal area of the Black Sea. The studies of the season and daily changeability in the bioluminescence field in the Sevastopol coastal waters has been conducted. For the first time considerable differences in the bioluminescence field seasonal changes in the surface and deep water layers and the reasons conditioning this phenomenon have been shown, using a method of multidimensional statistical analysis. The bioluminescence field vertical profile change in the Black sea coastal waters in the autumn period at night has been studied. It has been shown that according to the character of bioluminescence parameters dynamics a water column can be divided into layers: upper (0 – 35 m) and deep water (36 – 60 m). It has been revealed that life rhythms of the plankton community are the main reason for the bioluminescence field intensity variability. It has been revealed that 14-hour periodicity of the bioluminescence field is related to the changes in light and its variations with 2,5…4,5 hours are conditioned by planktonts endogenous daily rhythms. And here biotic factors effect mostly periodicity of the bioluminescence field intensity increase and fall down at the dark time of the day. Abiotic factors are of less importance in circadian rhythmic of the bioluminescence field in the neritic zone.

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