scholarly journals ВПЛИВ АБІОТИЧНИХ ЧИННИКІВ НА МОРФО-ФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ РОСТУ ТА РОЗВИТКУ РОСЛИН НА ФОНІ ПРОТЕКТОРНОЇ ДІЇ ПРОДУКТІВ ВЕРМІКУЛЬТУРИ

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 342-360
Author(s):  
O.M. Vasilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Excessive Pressure ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Rates Of Growth

<p>The effect of <em>MgSO<sub>4</sub></em> on morphometric specifics of the <em>Salix alba</em> L., which characterized by high rates of growth and development is investigated. Mg<sup>2+ </sup>was added in the form of <em>MgSO<sub>4*</sub>3H<sub>2</sub>O</em> at a concentration of 2.5 g/l considering of salt water content in the research solutions with <em>S. alba</em> L. and  combined with plant growth regulator (GR) of natural origin Humisol. These studies have shown toxicity of<em>MgSO<sub>4</sub></em> at a concentration of 2.5 g/l during all the period of growth and development. So, <em>MgSO<sub>4</sub></em> had toxic effect on plant growth and development within whole period of observation. We registered negative correlation (R = - 0.99) between toxic properties of salt and the age of the studied plants (for example, the growth rate of shoots and leaf blades by <em>S. alba</em> L.) and positive correlation (R = 0.99) while studied the root growth rate, which was caused by the direct contact of rhizosphere and negative stressors.</p><p>The GR Humisol accelerated the rate of physiological processes of growth and development of shoots and roots in 2-3 times, but the growth of leaf blade was not activated regards the control. The combined effect of magnesium salts and GR levelled toxic concentrations of magnesium sulphate were accelerated plant growth or stimulated growth up to control values, promoted adaptation mechanisms of plants and provided a protective role against excessive salinity. We suggested using the Humisol as a natural product, vermiculture, adaptogene, protector, and fertilizer agent of natural origin, which provides for biota to consume the environmental services without damage to the environment under conditions of excessive pressure of salt stress on plant organism.</p>

scholarly journals МОРФО-ФІЗІОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСTІ РОСТУ ТА РОЗВИТКУ РОСЛИН В УМОВАХ ПІДВИЩЕНОЇ МІНЕРАЛІЗАЦІЇ

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 18-31
Author(s):  
O. M. Vasilyuk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Growth Regulator ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Negative Effect

<p>The effect of increasing salinity to the morpho-metric parameters of Salix alba L., which dominated in the coastal areas on rivers of Steppe Dnieper, is investigated. We added Mg as salt MgSO<sub>4</sub> * 3H<sub>2</sub>O in the range of concentration: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g/l in a solution of willow cuttings. In the solution was added and plant growth regulator "Kornevin" the synthetic origin. The negative effect of salt at a concentration from 1.0 g/l to 2.5 g/l in the dynamics of growth and development was found. The correlation between the size and salinity in dynamics of growth and development of plant were demonstrated: in the growth of shoots (R = 0.83, 0.91 and 0.95), in the growth of roots (R = 0.92, 0.68 and 0.84) respectively depended from salt concentration. The length of the leaf blade was from 4% to 8%, from 7% to 43%, from 333% to 11% (R = 0,68, 0,93, 0,61), depending on the concentration of salt and during observing compared with control (distilled water). "Kornevin" and combined effect of salt increased the length of the leaf blade growth by 4-5, 2-4, 3-5 times, the roots by7 and 3-14 times, the shoots by 3-4, 6-7 and 5-7 times in the dynamics of growth compared with control (MgSO<sub>4</sub>, 2,5 g/l).</p> <p>The recommendations regarding for the advisability of using the plant growth regulator "Kornevin", as very effective plant growth preparation that promoted rooting and activated physiological processes of plant organism, expressed protective effect in conditions of excessive salinity, were provided.</p> <p class="Style1"><em>Key words</em><em>:</em><em> </em><em>the morpho-metric index, the plant growth regulators, abiotic factors, salinity factor, the adaptation.</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF TURKEY OF DIFFERENT CROSSES

2018 ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Y. M. Rebezov ◽  
O. V. Gorelik ◽  
T. V. Kurmakaeva
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Rates Of Growth

The results of studies aimed at comparing turkey of the live weight of the middle and heavy cross Hybrid breeds with a white broad-chested rock were carried out. The study of the live mass and its growth dynamics over the periods of cultivation was carried out by weighing. The growth rate was estimated by absolute, daily and relative increments of live weight. According to the results of the research, it can be concluded that hybrid «Hybrid» and its crosses have a higher genetic potential of productivity, have high rates of growth and its intensity, which allows before slaughtering at 120 and 150 days, depending on the cross, to obtain turkeys with a high live weight of 10.83-23.20 kg, respectively.

scholarly journals Rethinking root-shoot growth dynamics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Adaptive Allocation ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Rates Of Growth

AbstractUsing a simple plant growth model based on the logistic equation I re-evaluate how biomass allocation between roots and shoots articulates dynamically with the rate of whole-plant biomass production. Defined by parameters reflecting lumped physiological properties, the model constrains roots and shoots to grow sigmoidally over time. From those temporal patterns detailed trajectories of allocation and growth rate are reconstructed. Sigmoid growth trajectories of roots and shoots are incompatible with the dominant ‘functional equilibrium’ model of adaptive allocation and growth often used to explain plants’ responses to nutrient shortage and defoliation. Anything that changes the differential rates of growth between roots and shoots will automatically change allocation and, unavoidably, change whole-plant growth rate. Biomass allocation and whole-plant growth rate are not independent traits. Allocation and growth rate have no unique relationship to one another but can vary across a wide spectrum of possible relationships. When root-shoot allocation seems to respond to the environment it is likely to be a secondary illusory consequence of other primary responses such as localised root proliferation in soil or leaf expansion within canopy gaps. Changes in root-shoot allocation cannot themselves compensate directly for an impairment of growth rate caused by an external factor such as nutrient shortage or defoliation; therefore, such changes cannot be ‘adaptive’.‘The reasons are so simple they often escape notice.’ (James 2012, p. 6).

scholarly journals ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI JAMUR RIZOSFER DARI TANAMAN DURIAN (Durio zibethinus Murr.) DI DESA BEMBAN, KECAMATAN SUNGAI KAKAP, PONTIANAK

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ristamora Simangunsong ◽  
Rahmawati Rahmawati ◽  
Mukarlina Mukarlina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Rhizosphere Fungi ◽  
Durio Zibethinus

Rhizosphere fungi play an important role in the process of plant growth and development. This fungi benefits the host plant in increasing it’s growth rate, resistance to pests, diseases and drought. This study aims to determine the genus members of the durian plant rhizosphere (Durio zibethinus Murr.). Sampling of rhizosphere was carried out at Durian Plantation in Bemban Village Sungai Kakap District, Pontianak. Isolation and identification were carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tanjungpura University in May 2018 until December 2018. The isolation results obtained 8 rhizosphere fungi isolates.There are member of genera Aureobasidium (JRSP1), Monascus (JRSP2), Trichoderma ( JRSP3), Aspergillus (JRS4), Penicillium (JRSP5), Rhizopus (JRSP6), Aspergillus (JRSP7), Penicillium (JRSP8).

scholarly journals Salinity decreases transpiration of sorghum plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Julio Machado Guimarães ◽  
Welson Lima Simões ◽  
Juliane Rafaele Alves Barros ◽  
Lilia Gomes Willadino
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Saline Environment ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractGrowing in a saline environment causes changes in important physiological processes that are directly related to plant growth and development. In this study we evaluated the effect of salinity on transpiration of sorghum plants in semi-arid conditions and found that the highest rates of transpiration were observed in the hottest hours of the day, between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m., with plants subjected to the saline environment having their transpiration reduced by up to 70% when compared to the non-saline environment. This behavior can be reflected in reductions in plant growth and development due to reduced water absorption by the roots, consequently causing an imbalance of nutrients in the plant due to low absorption rate and competition between nutrients and salts in the preferred routes of absorption in the roots.

The Genesis of Form in Casuarinaceae

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
RF Williams ◽  
RA Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Rates Of Growth

The growth and development of the shoot apex of Casuarina distyla, in which the leaves commonly occur in whorls of 6-8 members, is described. The mature apex of C. torulosa, a species with only four leaves per whorl, is also described. Stages in the development of the apex of C. distyla are illustrated with three-dimensional scale drawings. The fused stem-and-leaf nature of the vegetative axis is recognized and the growth of the blade, tube and buttress portions of the axes is presented in units of length and volume. Stages in the development of axillary buds are illustrated with three-dimensional scale drawings. Phyllotactic parameters for whorled systems of phyllotaxis in Nerium and Casuarina are presented along with those for decussate systems in Eucalyptus. The role of physical constraint in the genesis of form and the determination of rates of growth in shoot apices are discussed and it is suggested that rapid maturation of tissues may contribute to the continuous fall in the relative growth rate of the leaves.

Seasonal Influence on the Strategies of Growth and Development of Canvasback and Lesser Scaup Ducklings

The Auk ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill P. Lightbody ◽  
C. Davison Ankney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Digestive Organs ◽  
Lesser Scaup ◽  
South Central ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Abstract Eggs of a seasonally early-nesting species of diving duck (Aythyini), the Canvasback (Aythya valisineria), and a late-nesting diving species, the Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis), were collected from south-central Manitoba. Ducklings were raised in captivity so that the pattern of growth and development of both species could be examined. Rates of growth of external components were determined in order to test the hypothesis that late-nesting species (scaup) should develop the ability to fly at a younger age and gain weight more slowly than early-hatched species (Canvasback). If Lesser Scaup acquire flight earlier, we predicted that their digestive organs would grow and develop relatively more quickly than those of Canvasbacks, enabling them to process a large amount of food at a younger age. As growth rate is related to adult body size, rates of growth of the smaller Lesser Scaup were scaled to Canvasback size at the asymptote of the juvenile growth curve. Lesser Scaup fledged when they were 6 days younger than Canvasbacks, yet there was no apparent tradeoff in total body growth, as both species fledged at approximately 92% of juvenile asymptotic weight. Flight and leg muscle growth, however, did not differ statistically between species, nor did the change in water content, an indicator of tissue maturity. This is consistent with the idea that tissue maturity, and not the ability to fly, limits growth rate. As we predicted, growth of digestive organs was significantly more rapid in Lesser Scaup than in Canvasbacks. Culmen and tarsus of Lesser Scaup also grew faster than those of Canvasbacks, and we suggest this enables scaup to become efficient foragers more rapidly. The variation in growth rates between species was partially due to the difference in body size. After accounting for this, however, we found that several organs grew faster in Lesser Scaup than in Canvasbacks. Thus, the pattern of development may be influenced by the timing of nesting.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Administering Crucial Processes Against Abiotic Stresses

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman EL Sabagh ◽  
Sonia Mbarki ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
Muhammad Aamir Iqbal ◽  
Mohammad Sohidul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Current Review

Plant growth regulators are naturally biosynthesized chemicals in plants that influence physiological processes. Their synthetic analogous trigger numerous biochemical and physiological processes involved in the growth and development of plants. Nowadays, due to changing climatic scenario, numerous biotic and abiotic stresses hamper seed germination, seedling growth, and plant development leading to a decline in biological and economic yields. However, plant growth regulators (PGRs) can potentially play a fundamental role in regulating plant responses to various abiotic stresses and hence, contribute to plant adaptation under adverse environments. The major effects of abiotic stresses are growth and yield disturbance, and both these effects are directly overseen by the PGRs. Different types of PGRs such as abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonates (JAs) are connected to boosting the response of plants to multiple stresses. In contrast, PGRs including cytokinins (CKs), gibberellins (GAs), auxin, and relatively novel PGRs such as strigolactones (SLs), and brassinosteroids (BRs) are involved in plant growth and development under normal and stressful environmental conditions. Besides, polyamines and nitric oxide (NO), although not considered as phytohormones, have been included in the current review due to their involvement in the regulation of several plant processes and stress responses. These PGRs are crucial for regulating stress adaptation through the modulates physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes and activation of the defense system, upregulating of transcript levels, transcription factors, metabolism genes, and stress proteins at cellular levels. The current review presents an acumen of the recent progress made on different PGRs to improve plant tolerance to abiotic stress such as heat, drought, salinity, and flood. Moreover, it highlights the research gaps on underlying mechanisms of PGRs biosynthesis under stressed conditions and their potential roles in imparting tolerance against adverse effects of suboptimal growth conditions.

scholarly journals Current Understandings on Magnesium Deficiency and Future Outlooks for Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hassan Chaudhry ◽  
Shafa Nayab ◽  
Syed Bilal Hussain ◽  
Muqarrab Ali ◽  
Zhiyong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Available Information

The productivity of agricultural produce is fairly dependent on the availability of nutrients and efficient use. Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the second most prevalent free divalent cation in plants. Mg2+ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development. However, it has been largely forgotten in fertilization management strategies to increase crop production, which leads to severe reductions in plant growth and yield. In this review, we discuss how the Mg2+ shortage induces several responses in plants at different levels: morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular. Additionally, the Mg2+ uptake and transport mechanisms in different cellular organelles and the role of Mg2+ transporters in regulating Mg2+ homeostasis are also discussed. Overall, in this review, we critically summarize the available information about the responses of Mg deficiency on plant growth and development, which would facilitate plant scientists to create Mg2+-deficiency-resilient crops through agronomic and genetic biofortification.

Influence of vegetable pea seed treatment with boron and molybdenum on plant growth and development depending on sowing period

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
V. Аlmashova ◽  
◽  
S. Onishenko ◽  
О. Yevtushenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sustainable Harvest ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Pea Seed

Influence of vegetable pea seed treatment with boron and molybdenum on plant growth and development depending on sowing period The article is devoted to the influence of terms of sowing and processing of pea seeds with boron and molybdenum fertilizers on plant development in the conditions of the south of Ukraine. The possibility of obtaining a sustainable harvest and high quality pea products for its further preservation has been proved. It is established that the action of boron and molybdenum delays the onset of phenological phases of culture development, and the use of two different sowing dates allows to delay the onset of the phase of technological maturity for 6 days. This is important when harvesting for minimal crop losses of vegetable peas in southern Ukraine. Keywords: vegetable peas, nutrients, boron and molybdenum fertilizers, physiological processes, leaf surface index.

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