scholarly journals РЕПРЕЗЕНТАТИВНІСТЬ КУЛЬТИВУВАННЯ ДЕНДРОСОЗОЕКЗОТІВ EX SITU У ШТУЧНИХ ЗАПОВІДНИХ ПАРКАХ СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia S. Vlasenko
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Botanical Gardens ◽  
Species Specific

<p>Preliminary analysis of cultivation of rare dendroflora ex situ of the Ukrainian Steppe is done. The species-specific and geographical location of dendroflora was also considered. The majority of species are cultivated within protected areas, namely the botanical gardens and dendroparks of the Steppe zone of Ukraine. The most abundant and widespread species are <em>Armeniaca vulgaris</em> Mill., <em>Juglans regia</em> L., <em>Juniperus</em> <em>virginiana</em> L. and <em>Thuja occidentalis</em> L. The great number of species is presented in protected zones (artificial parks) of the Donetsk and Odessa administrative regions within the Ukrainian Steppe. The most abundant in protected areas is <em>Armeniaca vulgaris</em> that is ranked third by the frequency of occurrence in protected parks. The most abundant in parks is <em>Thuja occidentalis</em>, which is only registered in five localities in protected areas. This could be explained by fact that <em>Armeniaca vulgaris</em> is introduced to the culture and naturally distributed in Ukrainian Steppe, while <em>Thuja occidentalis</em> naturally does not exist in the Steppe, but is widely used in green construction. The majority of dendroflora species concentrated in botanical gardens (165 species), arboretums (105 species), which are designed to preserve, study, acclimatize and breed the rare and common species of local and world flora. High species diversity was registered for Donetsk (108 species) and Odessa (105 species) region, because in these territories there are botanical gardens with large collections of species of tree and shrub plants of Steppe Ukraine.</p> <p>We founded some 165 species, representing 94.8% from total number of dendroflora ex situ in collection of botanical gardens of Ukrainian Steppe. The second place by the number of protected rare species takes dendrological parks – we registered 105 (60.4%) species within these areas. The landscape parks contain an estimated 80 species (46.0%).</p> <p><em>Key words: dendroflora, ex situ, representativeness, the Steppe, Ukraine, Nature Reserve Fund.</em></p>

Phytoseiid mites (Parasitiformes, Phytoseiidae) of “Mykhaylivs’ka tselina” branch of the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve, NAS of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
L.A. Kolodochka ◽  
V.Yu. Bondarev
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Phytoseiid Mites ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Plant Pest ◽  
Species Composition And Distribution ◽  
Index Value

Faunistical studies are a priority in protected areas because these ecosystems can be considered the richest and the least disturbed, and provide invaluable data for comparison. It is particularly important in the case of predatory animals, such as mites of the family Phytoseiidae. They are highly important in the ecosystems as the plant pest regulators. However, the data on phytoseiid mites of protected areas are scanty, especially these of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The present publication contributes to the ecological and faunistical studies of Phytoseiidae mites of plant associations in the Ukrainian Steppe Nature Reserve. Herein, the new data on the species composition and distribution of predatory phytoseiid mites of the reserve’s branch “Mykhaylivs’ka Tsylina” are given. The material was collected by authors in August, 2017. A total of 677 specimens were identified as belonging to 14 species of eight genera of Phytoseiidae. According to the ecological preferences, the mites represent three groups: herbabionts, arboreal mites and eurybionts. The most common species was Amblydromella pirianykae, according to occurrence index (with maximum index value of 41.29 %). This species also was the most prevalent by the number of collected specimens. The rarest species in the studied complex were Bawus subsoleiger, Neoseiulus bicaudus, and Typhlodromus rodovae. The value of occurrence index for those species was 0.65%. Other species were characterized by intermediate values of occurrence index. The domination structure of the studied species complex was characterized using Paliy-Kovnatsky index. The community structure was as follows: two eudominant and two dominant species, no subdominant species, and 10 secondary community members.

scholarly journals A multi-bioassay integrated approach to assess antifouling potential of extracts from the Mediterranean sponge Ircinia oros

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia De Marchi ◽  
Carlo Pretti ◽  
Alessia Cuccaro ◽  
Matteo Oliva ◽  
Federica Tardelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Marine Diatom ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Aliivibrio Fischeri ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Ircinia Oros ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractThe phylum Porifera and their symbionts produce a wide variety of bioactive compounds, playing a central role in their ecology and evolution. In this study, four different extracts (obtained by non-polar and semi-polar extraction methodologies) of the Mediterranean sponge Ircinia oros were tested through a multi-bioassay integrated approach to assess their antifouling potential. Tests were performed using three common species, associated with three different endpoints: the marine bacterium Aliivibrio fischeri (inhibition of bioluminescence), the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum (inhibition of growth), and different development stages of the brackish water serpulid Ficopomatus enigmaticus (gametes: sperm motion, vitality inhibition and cellular damage; larvae: development; adults: AChE (acetylcholinesterase)-inhibitory activity). The effects of extracts were species specific and did not vary among different extraction methodologies. In particular, no significant reduction of bioluminescence of A. fischeri was observed for all tested samples. By contrast, extracts inhibited P. tricornutum growth and had toxic effects on different F. enigmaticus’ developmental stages. Our results suggest that the proposed test battery can be considered a suitable tool as bioactivity screening of marine natural products.

scholarly journals Gap analyses of priority wild relatives of food crop in current ex situ and in situ conservation in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiguna Rahman ◽  
Joana Magos Brehm ◽  
Nigel Maxted ◽  
Jade Phillips ◽  
Aremi R. Contreras-Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
In Situ Conservation ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Complementarity Analysis ◽  
Ex Situ Collections ◽  
Conservation Actions

AbstractConservation programmes are always limited by available resources. Careful planning is therefore required to increase the efficiency of conservation and gap analysis can be used for this purpose. This method was used to assess the representativeness of current ex situ and in situ conservation actions of 234 priority crop wild relatives (CWR) in Indonesia. This analysis also included species distribution modelling, the creation of an ecogeographical land characterization map, and a complementarity analysis to identify priorities area for in situ conservation and for further collecting of ex situ conservation programmes. The results show that both current ex situ and in situ conservation actions are insufficient. Sixty-six percent of priority CWRs have no recorded ex situ collections. Eighty CWRs with ex situ collections are still under-represented in the national genebanks and 65 CWRs have no presence records within the existing protected area network although 60 are predicted to exist in several protected areas according to their potential distribution models. The complementarity analysis shows that a minimum of 61 complementary grid areas (complementary based on grid cells) are required to conserve all priority taxa and 40 complementary protected areas (complementary based on existing protected areas) are required to conserve those with known populations within the existing in situ protected area network. The top ten of complementary protected areas are proposed as the initial areas for the development of CWR genetic reserves network in Indonesia. It is recommended to enhanced coordination between ex situ and in situ conservation stakeholders for sustaining the long term conservation of CWR in Indonesia. Implementation of the research recommendations will provide for the first time an effective conservation planning of Indonesia’s CWR diversity and will significantly enhance the country’s food and nutritional security.

scholarly journals Locally rare species influence grassland ecosystem multifunctionality

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1694) ◽  
pp. 20150269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Soliveres ◽  
Peter Manning ◽  
Daniel Prati ◽  
Martin M. Gossner ◽  
Fabian Alt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ecosystem Multifunctionality

Species diversity promotes the delivery of multiple ecosystem functions (multifunctionality). However, the relative functional importance of rare and common species in driving the biodiversity–multifunctionality relationship remains unknown. We studied the relationship between the diversity of rare and common species (according to their local abundances and across nine different trophic groups), and multifunctionality indices derived from 14 ecosystem functions on 150 grasslands across a land-use intensity (LUI) gradient. The diversity of above- and below-ground rare species had opposite effects, with rare above-ground species being associated with high levels of multifunctionality, probably because their effects on different functions did not trade off against each other. Conversely, common species were only related to average, not high, levels of multifunctionality, and their functional effects declined with LUI. Apart from the community-level effects of diversity, we found significant positive associations between the abundance of individual species and multifunctionality in 6% of the species tested. Species-specific functional effects were best predicted by their response to LUI: species that declined in abundance with land use intensification were those associated with higher levels of multifunctionality. Our results highlight the importance of rare species for ecosystem multifunctionality and help guiding future conservation priorities.

scholarly journals SPECIES COMPOSITION OF NEMATODES ON MALARIA MOSQUITOES OF THE TOMSK REGION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. Fedorova ◽  
◽  
V.A. Burlak ◽  
G.N. Artemov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Dirofilaria Repens ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Malaria Mosquitoes

The species composition of nematodes and their vectors were analyzed in the Tomsk region. It has been shown that all three species of malaria mosquitoes, Anopheles messeae s.s., An. daciae and An. beklemishevi, can transmit Dirofilaria repens in 89% of confirmed cases. The species-specific infection of the intermediate host with dirofilarias depends on the geographical location.

scholarly journals The Role of Gardens in Integrated Conservation Practice

2019 ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Audrey Denvir ◽  
Jeannine Cavender-Bares ◽  
Antonio González-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Plant Conservation ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Integrated Research ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Conservation Plan ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Integrated Conservation

Gardens and horticulturists play an increasingly important role in plant conservation, both in situ and ex situ. Integrated research and conservation of species intends to work across fields to connect science to conservation practice by engaging actors from different sectors, including gardens. The case of integrated conservation of Quercus brandegeei, a microendemic oak species in Baja California Sur, Mexico, is presented as an example of a collaboration between gardens and academic researchers to create a species-specific conservation plan that incorporates horticultural knowledge.

scholarly journals Distribution of naked amoebae in the soils of the steppe zone of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
M. Patsyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Multidimensional Scaling ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Molecular Clusters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Steppe Region ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Naked Amoebae

As a result of the study, in the steppe zone of Ukraine (Odessa, Mykolaiv, Kirovohrad region), 12 species of naked amoebas were identified, which according to the modern Eukaryot system belong to three molecular clusters Tubulinea Smirnov et al., 2005, Discosea Cavalier-Smith, 2004., Discoba Simpson and Hampl et al., 2009. This species Vahlkampfia sp. (1), Vahlkampfia sp. (2), Deuteramoeba mycophaga Page, 1988, Saccamoeba stagnicola Page, 1974, Vexillifera sp., Vannella sp. Ripellaplatypodia Smirnov, Nassonova, Chao et Cavalier-Smith, 2007, Cochliopodium sp. (1), Mayorella sp., Thecamoeba striata Penard, 1890, Stenamoeba stenopodia (Page, 1969) Smirnov et al., 2007, Acanthamoeba sp. (1). In the studied steppe soils, the most common were Vahlkampfia sp. (2), S. stenopodia, Vahlkampfia sp. (1), Vexillifera sp., Cochliopodium sp. (1); the least common – R. platypodia, D. mycophaga, T. striata, Mayorella sp. As a result of the cluster analysis, it was found that the largest share of common species is observed between Mykolaiv and Kirovograd regions (0.71) and Odessa and Kirovograd regions (0.53); the smallest is between the Odessa and Mykolaiv regions (0.43). According to the results of cluster analysis, the faunistic complexes of soil species of amoebae of the steppe region of Ukraine are united into two clusters: one of them being complexes characteristic of the Odessa region, and the other complexes of the Mykolaiv and Kirovograd regions. According to the results of nonparametric multidimensional scaling, it is established that the species complex of soil amoebae in the Kirovograd and Mykolaiv regions is determined by the increased soil temperature and acidity, compared to the Odessa region. As for moisture, this factor has little effect on the species complexes amoebae steppe region of Ukraine.

Coprophilous ascomycetes of the Oleshkivski Pisky National Nature Park (Kherson region, Ukraine)

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Lytvynenko Yu.I. ◽  
Romanova D.A. ◽  
Orlova-Hudіm K.S. ◽  
Hudіm A.O. ◽  
Vakal A.P.
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Mycological Research ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
First Time

As a result of mycological research 34 species of coprophilous ascomycetes from 14 genera, 10 families, and 5 orders were recorded on the territory of the Oleshkivski Pisky National Nature Park. Among them 15 species belonged to the class Sordariomycetes, 12 – to Dothideomycetes, and 7 – to Pezizomycetes. Among the orders of the fungi, Sordariales – 12 species, Pleosporales – 11, and Pezizales – 7, occupy the leading position; the rest of the orders revealed the fewer number of species. Among the families, Sporormiaceae, Podosporaceae, Coniochaetaceae, Delitschiaceae, and Sordariacea, were the most abundant regarding the number of species and specimens. The species from the five leading families represent 64,7% of the total number of identified species. Among the found genera of the coprophilous ascomycetes, Coniochaeta, Delitschia, Sordaria, Sporormiella, and Triangularia prevailed by number of species, demonstrating much larger diversity, than others. Environmental conditions inside the park are more favorable for the development of loculoascomycetes and pyrenomycetes. The discomycetes species diversity was much less. The list of recorded fungi and their substrates is presented. All species of ascomycetes were collected on the hare and cattle excrements. Other dung types have not been studied. 31 species are new to the territory of the park, 15 species are new records for the steppe zone of Ukraine. Coniochaeta hansenii and Sporormiella tetramera are first recorded in Ukraine. Descriptions, illustrations, synonyms and general distribution are provided for them. C. hansenii is a fairly common and widespread species in the world, occurring mainly on the leporid droppings. In the park, this species was also collected on hare dung. S. tetramera also belongs to the widespread but rare species of coprophilous ascomycetes, known from isolated records in a few countries. It was collected on the hare excrements in the park. Сoniochaeta leucoplaca, Delitshia perpusilla and Triangularia comata were collected for the first time in the steppe zone of Ukraine and for the second time in the country. У результаті дослідження копрофільних аскоміцетів Національного природного парку «Олешківські піски» було виявлено 34 види грибів із 14 родів, 10 родини та 5 порядків. Це представники трьох класів: Sordariomycetes – 15 видів, Dothideomycetes – 12, Pezizomycetes – 7. Серед порядків найчисельнішими є Sordariales – 12 видів, Pleosporales – 11 та Pezizales – 7. У родинному спектрі грибів переважають представники Sporormiaceae, Podosporaceae, Coniochaetaceae, Delitschiaceae та Sordariacea, які об’єднують 64,7% загальної кількості виявлених видів аскоміцетів. Серед родів переважають Coniochaeta, Delitschia, Sordaria, Sporormiella та Triangularia. Екологічні умови території парку є більш сприятливими для розвитку локулоаскоміцетів і піреноміцетів. Кількість знахідок видів дискоміцетів є незначною. Представлено список зареєстрованих видів грибів, для кожного виду вказано локалітети та живильні субстрати. Всі види грибів зібрані на посліді зайця та корови. Інші типи копром не досліджувались. З виявлених видів аскоміцетів 31 наводиться вперше для території парку, 15 є новими для степової зони України. Два види аскоміцетів є новими для мікобіоти України та Східної Європи: Coniochaeta hansenii та Sporormiella tetramera. У статті представлено їх діагнози та фото, обговорюються деталі морфології, субстратної приуроченості та поширення у світі. C. hansenii є досить звичайним та поширеним у світі видом, що переважно трапляється на екскрементах зайцеподібних.На території парку також була зібрана на копромах зайця. S. tetramera належить до поширених у світі, але рідкісних видів копрофільних аскоміцетів, відомих з поодиноких знахідок у небагатьох країнах. У парку зібрана на посліді зайця. Знахідки Сoniochaeta leucoplaca, Delitshia perpusilla та Triangularia comata є новими для території степової зони України та вдруге наводяться для нашої держави.

Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Biology ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Model System ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Management Priorities ◽  
Conservation And Management

ABSTRACT The fundamental charge of conservation biology is to preserve biological diversity. Yet, efforts to accomplish this goal have focused too narrowly on reversing the slide toward extinction in already threatened or endangered species. In this review, we argue that conservation biologists and fisheries managers should broaden their vision to include efforts to preserve the ecological and evolutionary processes that ultimately give rise to new biodiversity. Our view is based upon the simple observation that biological diversity is a function of both the rate at which new taxa originate as well as the rate at which established taxa are lost to extinction. Efforts to stem extinction that fail to maintain the ecological and evolutionary processes of speciation are ultimately unsustainable. We suggest that common, widespread species are particularly important to the origin of new diversity and argue that conservation biologists should pay particular attention to the evolution of diversity within such species. We illustrate several key points to this argument using the desert minnow, Utah chub <em>Gila atraria</em>, as a model system. In particular, we show that conservation efforts in common species must focus on clearly delineating conservation unit boundaries and that particular care should be paid to unique ecological and evolutionary diversity within such species.We also show the importance of understanding and conserving the range of ecological and evolutionary interactions that are common hallmarks of abundant and widespread taxa.We conclude our review by suggesting several specific areas of future research in Utah chub that would help more clearly define conservation and management priorities in this species.

scholarly journals Experimental traffic noise attracts birds during the breeding season

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1591-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bronwen Hennigar ◽  
Jeffrey P Ethier ◽  
David R Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Microphone Array ◽  
Ecological Validity ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Swainson’S Thrush ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Avian Vocalizations

Abstract Understanding how anthropogenic disturbance affects animal behavior is challenging because observational studies often involve co-occurring disturbances (e.g., noise, lighting, and roadways), and laboratory experiments often lack ecological validity. During the 2016 and 2017 avian breeding seasons, we investigated the effects of anthropogenic noise and light on the singing and spatial behavior of wild birds by independently manipulating the presence of each type of disturbance at 89 sites in an otherwise undisturbed boreal forest in Labrador, Canada. Each treatment was surrounded by an eight-channel microphone array that recorded and localized avian vocalizations throughout the manipulation. We analyzed the effects of noise and light on the timing of the first vocalizations of each species at each array during the dawn chorus, and on the proximity of the vocalizing birds to the disturbance when those songs were produced. We analyzed all species combined, and then conducted separate analyses for the six most common species: boreal chickadee, dark-eyed junco, ruby-crowned kinglet, Swainson’s thrush, white-throated sparrow, and yellow-rumped warbler. When all species were analyzed together, we found that traffic noise attracted vocalizing birds. There was some evidence that light repelled birds, but this evidence was inconsistent. In our species-specific analyses, yellow-rumped warbler sang earlier in response to noise; Swainson’s thrush was attracted to noise and the combination of noise and light but repelled by light alone. Our study provides some of the first experimental evidence of the independent and combined effects of traffic noise and light on the vocal and spatial behavior of wild birds and suggests that breeding birds may be attracted to noisy roads where they could be exposed to additional forms of disturbance.

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