scholarly journals Actualization of historical memory in the context of national identity

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
М. В. Школяр
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
History Of ◽  
Political Background ◽  
The One ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
Historical Past

The article contains information about historical memory like an element and at the same time a factor in theformation of national identity based common values, norms, beliefs, behavior models, stereotypes and ideas aboutthe historical past. Firstly, we defined the properties of historical memory as a social-cultural phenomenon andits features in modern Ukrainian society. Also, we emphasized the importance of the social context and nationalidentity in the process of the formation of historical memory. For example, social environment influences onthe formation and change of memory of certain historical events and their consequences in the minds of citizen.Secondly, we investigated that the similar perceptions, appraisals and attitudes to the historical process contributethe consolidation of society and facilitate its integration around common identities. In contrast, different andeven opposite interpretations of the historical past constructed in the minds of citizens of different regions ofour country depending on socio-cultured, historical and political background can influence the peculiaritiesof the formation of new identities, as well as they determine vectors of both potential and actual conflicts.Nevertheless, differences in interpretations of history and dominant identity types among residents of differentregions of Ukraine do not make a threat to national integrity, but they can be the basis for ideological and politicalmanipulation from internal and external factors connected with destruction of Ukrainian statehood foundations.Using a secondary analysis of the results of empirical research conducted by leading sociological agencies weinvestigated that fragmentation and multiplicity are the peculiarities of Ukrainian historical memory. Thesepeculiarities are the results of domination of regional identity types in the minds of people. In fact, local featuresof historical memory are related to the history of the region and its socio-cultural characteristics. Also we foundout about the existence of certain differences and contradictions in interpretations of the historical past of Easternand Western residents. Under such circumstances, the historical memory becomes a disintegrating factor and asource of strife because it produces opposited and often incompatible views on the perspectives of the state and thenation. On the one hand, historical memory can enhance the role of national identity in the integration of a nationbased on common interpretation of history. On the other hand, historical memory can contribute the formationmostly of contradictory identity types and increase tendencies towards antagonism updating conflicts betweenmodels / options of historical memory of representatives in different regions of Ukraine. Actually, politicalagents (both domestic and foreign) can make «desirable» representations, evaluations, and interpretations ofhistorical events by means of propaganda, provoking disintegration and destabilization in the country, using thedifference between the models / options of historical memory of the inhabitants in different parts of the country,as well as the essential properties of historical memory (symbolism, irrationality, mythology, etc.). To sum up,there is an essential need in Ukraine for the implementation of a prudent memory policy in order to form anationwide model of historical memory that would be able to contribute the unification of citizens into a singlepolitical nation based on common identities regardless of resident region.

Multicultural and Transnational Novels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Meffan
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
The Other ◽  
Colonial History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Return Home ◽  
Access Rights ◽  
The One

This chapter discusses the history of multicultural and transnational novels in New Zealand. A novel set in New Zealand will have to deal with questions about cultural access rights on the one hand and cultural coverage on the other. The term ‘transnational novel’ gains its relevance from questions about cultural and national identity, questions that have particularly exercised nations formed from colonial history. The chapter considers novels that demonstrate and respond to perceived deficiencies in wider discourses of cultural and national identity by way of comparison between New Zealand and somewhere else. These include Amelia Batistich's Another Mountain, Another Song (1981), Albert Wendt's Sons for the Return Home (1973) and Black Rainbow (1992), James McNeish's Penelope's Island (1990), Stephanie Johnson's The Heart's Wild Surf (2003), and Lloyd Jones's Mister Pip (2006).

scholarly journals The Problem of Regional Identity as a Factor in the Socio-Political Crisis in Ukraine in 2004

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
A.O. Naumov ◽  
A.Y. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Eastern European Country ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Orange Revolution ◽  
State Construction ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Historical Past

The article is devoted to the role of regional identity in the development of the socio-political crisis in Ukraine in autumn and winter of 2004, known in scientific literature as the “Orange revolution”. The authors analyze the controversial historical past of the territories that were united by the country that gained independence in 1991, and its influence on the development of processes in the field of national-state construction of modern Ukraine. The article considers the attempts of the Ukrainian authorities to develop a single national idea based on the concepts of “ukrainianness”, “sobornost” and unitarity. The leading role in this process was played by the most extreme western regions, which had their own, sometimes radically different from other regions of the country, interpretation of issues of historical memory. In practical terms, this meant the implementation of a policy of Ukrainization, especially in the field of education, which caused discontent among residents of Russian-speaking regions. The authors conclude that the unresolved problem of regional identity during the years of independence played an important role during the “Orange revolution”, which ended with an unconstitutional regime change in this Eastern European country.

HISTORY AND MEMORY OF THE ITALIAN CONCENTRATION CAMPS

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES WALSTON
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The history of fascism in Italy has been extensively covered while fascist Italy's role in colonies before the war, and occupied areas during it, have only been touched upon. There has been little or no coming to terms with fascist crimes comparable to the French concern with Vichy or even the Japanese recognition of its wartime and pre-war responsibilities. This article uses Italy's internment policy in Africa before the war and in the Balkans and Italy during the war to illustrate the repression of historical memory. On the one hand, foreign Jews were interned to protect them from deportation by German, Croatian or Vichy French forces. The reasons were political and humanitarian. On the other, Balkan civilians were interned in conditions that led to the death of thousands. Similar and worse policies had been carried out in Africa before the war. There is some excellent specialist work on Africa which is not part of general knowledge; the Balkans have not even been covered by specialists. This article puts forward some explanations for the repression of the recent past.

scholarly journals National Identity and Historical Memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 164-169
Author(s):  
P. I. Gnatenko
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Material Culture ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
National Character ◽  
National Community ◽  
The Third ◽  
Main Form ◽  
Historical Past

According to a British researcher of nation phenomenon A.D. Smith, national identity is a main form of collective identity, a dominant criteria of culture and identity. That’s way the aim of the article is a clarification of two notions: national identity and historical memory.National identity has relations with national self-consciousness. National self-consciousness consists of knowledge and presentations of national community, its historical past and present, spiritual and material culture, language and national character.There are three conceptions of roots of Ukrainian national identity. The first is a chauvinistic conception. According to this conception Ukrainian nation never existed. It’s only a dialect group of Russian nation. The second is unity of three nations – Russian, Ukrainian, Belorussian and the senior brother is Russian nation and Ukrainian and Belorussian are juniors. The third conception is the autochthonous-autonomic conception (the author is M. Grushevs’ky).The autochthonic-autonomic conception has two poles of origins of Ukrainian nation. The first pole – Tripoli culture, Ukrainian nation was born in 7–2 millennium B.C. The second pole – 10–11 centuries A.C. The Illarion’s ‘Word about Law and Grace’, ‘Kyiv-Pechersky Patericum’ etc. are the basics of Ukrainian nation.In contemporary Europe we can observe reformation of the problem of national identity and rising of an ethnical factor and a historical memory. A historical memory is a complex of installations, stereotypes, habits, traditions, constant aspects of national character, national senses, their mark by social consciousness.National senses are ground of installations and stereotypes. They are emotional-psychological background of actions of a national character. National senses are a part of a political self-consciousness, a personal political culture.

scholarly journals The problem of actualization of historical memory in the context of the political influence of the regionalelites of Sumy region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Bevz
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Symbolic Resource ◽  
The One

The article analyzes the role of regional political elites of Sumy region in the actualization of historical memory. It was noted that the politics of memory is a symbolic resource of regional political elites. It was shown that regional political elites, on the one hand, «can create a favorable ground for the growth of multiple identities», and on the other – «are able to stimulate the growth of polar and conflicting identities». Emphasis was placed on the fact that the historical past becomes the ideological present. It was shown that the basic factor for the regional political elite of Sumy region in the processes of actualization of historical memory was the symbolic representation of the past, first of all, the history of the region. It was determined that memory is designed not only to reflect the past, but also to form its meaning for the present. In today's world, there is a great public demand for the formation, restoration, preservation, transmission, reading and affirmation of historical memory. And in this context, the urgent need for the central government and the regional political elite was the need to actively shape a nationwide policy of historical memory.

scholarly journals Theatrical and dramatic work of Oleg Ulyashev

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-416
Author(s):  
Natalia V. Gorinova
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Folk Art ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Comparative Results ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
Important Milestone

Introduction. The work is devoted to the study of the theatrical and dramatic work of O. Ulyashev. It reveals the originality of his dramatic handwriting and some aspects of the movement of national culture in the 1990s. Materials and Methods. The material of the study was the plays by O. Ulyashev. The method of study is comparative. Results and Discussion. O. Ulyashev’s plays are an important milestone in the history of the development of the Komi Theater. His plays, like many other ones of the turn of the XX–XXI centuries, are inherent in the desire for renewal. The artistic originality of his texts, however, determines the actualization of folklore material. The writer’s worldview is close to the high artistic, aesthetic and moral and philosophical potential of oral folk art. It is folklore origins that contribute to his creative quest and the development of his creative aspirations. O. Ulyashev’s works, like many other works of Komi literature of the late XX century about the historical past of the Zyryans, serve to increase and strengthen national identity. Conclusion. The work of the writer O. Ulyashev played an important role in the development of theatrical and dramatic art of the Komi Republic. His plays largely update the Komi drama, saturating it with folklore material, romanticizing the past of the Zyryans.

Transfer of military power in Mauritania: from Ecouvillon to Lamantin (1958–1978)1

2013 ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
Camille Evrard
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Military Officers ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Experimental Process ◽  
The One ◽  
History Of Institutions

Camille Evrard discusses the transfer of military power in Mauritania during a long process of decolonization (between 1956 and 1977). Her approach links the history of institutions and politics, defined through state and system, with the perspectives held by individuals, notably by former military officers who served in the Sahara. The Mauritanian example, where French troops were over two decades actively engaged in counter-insurgency at the service of and in partnership with the Mauritanian government, is particularly instructive for an interpretation of the direct consequences of military decolonization. Evrard’s interpretation offers a scenario that had implications for actors on both sides, Mauritanian and French. On the one hand, French officials had to interact with local issues, and entered into what may be described as an experimental process of reorganizing their presence on the ground. On the other hand, they contributed to the Mauritanian vision of their own independence, to the ‘national identity’ of Mauritania, and to Mauritanian relations with neighbouring Morocco.

scholarly journals Social movement of Ural Germans in 1989–2019 (ethnic projects and leaders)

2020 ◽  
pp. 146-155
Author(s):  
T.S. Kisser
Keyword(s):  
Social Movement ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
German Population ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Self Organisation ◽  
The One ◽  
Russian Germans

The present article considers the history of the social movement of Russian Germans in the Urals, as well as the factors in its formation, on the basis of previously unknown sources (archival and field materials obtained by the author). The Germans of the Urals formed as a single community in the second half of the 20th century, as a result of deportation, labour mobilisation (1942–1946) and a special settlement regime (1948–1955). The author concludes that the modern social movement contributes to the ethnocultural development of the German popula-tion in Russia through various projects aimed at the preservation of history, memory, language and culture. As a result of the activists' activities in the Urals, a network of German associations has formed: centres of German culture, meeting centres, national-cultural autonomies, «Rebirth» society, Russian-German houses, etc. The so-cial movement of Ural Germans plays a key role in ethnocultural development. It emerged in the setting of the mass emigration of Germans to their homeland, both ‘from below’ at the initiative of Germans themselves aiming to preserve the history and culture of their people, and ‘from above’ with the aim of unifying and controlling the mood of the German population. Currently, German organisations initiate their ethnocultural projects directed at the preservation of historical memory, culture, language, as well as other foundations for ethnocultural heritage. For example, creative groups have become a place where ethnicity is updated, where Germans feel like Ger-mans, using their native language and preserving folk traditions. In all projects, a significant, if not decisive, role is played by the personal position of leaders. To some extent, ethnic leaders devote themselves to their people and find self-fulfilment in the field of ethnicity, complementing and revitalising it with their initiatives. Our studies show that the ethnocultural potential of Ural Germans is most effectively realised if ethnic leaders, both socio-political and in the cultural sphere, are active, which helps preserve the cultural heritage of the community. The socio-political leaders of Ural Germans represented by E.A. Grib and O.F. Shtraler emerged at the height of the ethnic movement and the establishment of self-organisation of Russian Germans in the late 1990s — early 2000s. The areas and motives of their activities, on the one hand, were associated with personal self-realisation and, on the other, were explained by the desire to preserve the ethnocultural heritage of Germans whose number reduced sharply due to mass emigration. Their activities are reflected in numerous projects whose success contributes to the formation of the regional identity of the Germans in the Urals through a system of self-organisation.

scholarly journals Sharhorod as a Jewish shtetl at the late 16th – early 20th centuries: particular qualities and typical features of the socio-cultural appearance

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Olga V. Rozina
Keyword(s):  
Regional Identity ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Historical Structures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Historical Past ◽  
The Town ◽  
Spatial Identity

Regional historical and cultural studies represent the new areas of regional studies associated with the actualisation of the problems of regional identity in the context of an identification crisis, both at the level of the individual and at the level of the whole ethnic group. The worldview split of society as a product of the pluralism of the postmodern culture of the early 20th century led to the fragmentation of historical knowledge and the mosaic nature of historical structures, the devaluation of the value of a single historical past in the post-Soviet space. In the logic of historical postmodernism the substitution of historical facts becomes possible, which together with the blurring of socio-spatial identity, make the basis for myth-making and distortions of the processes that actually took place in the history and culture of peoples. In the context of the modern information warfare, various anti-Russian historical myths, including the “prison of the nations”, acquire special topicality. The article examines the history of the Jewish ethnos – one of the traditional ethnic groups that used to live in the territory of the Russian Empire at the late 16th – the early 20th centuries in the Ukraine. The object of regional research is Sharhorod, one of the towns of Eastern Podolia (now Vinnytsia Region), a typical Jewish shtetl with characteristic features of socio-cultural appearance. The town arose in 1585 in the lands of the Polish magnate Jan Sariusz Zamoyski, where the geopolitical interests of the Russian and Ottoman empires, Poland, Lithuania and Principality of Moldavia collided.

scholarly journals History of Cities in Western Siberia in Representations of Journal “Siberian Lights”: Political and Historical Contexts of 1920s — 1940s

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 428-448
Author(s):  
E. I. Krasilnikova ◽  
I. A. Valdman
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
The Past ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Past

Changes in the representation of the history of cities in Western Siberia in the journal “Siberian Lights” in the period from the beginning of the 20s to the mid 40s of the XX century are considered. These changes are interpreted by analyzing the general contexts of the development of historical local lore in Siberia and the activities of various subjects of the memory policy at both local and state levels. The relevance of the study is due to the increased interest on the part of society and the state in the problems of forming the historical memory of Russians about the national and regional past as one of the foundations of social identities. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that until now the Siberian magazine periodicals of the Soviet era, in particular, “Siberian Lights”, are poorly understood as one of the significant means of forming the historical memory of society about the past of Western Siberia. The composition of the authors of materials on the history of Western Siberian cities is described in the article. The stages of the development of the history representation of West Siberian cities in the publications of the journal are determined, reflecting various, ideologically determined assessments of the historical past of the cities of Western Siberia. It is proved that during the Great Patriotic War, authors of works on the history of Western Siberian cities synthesized both the experience of Siberian ethnographers and their antagonists, pursuing the task of stimulating patriotic upsurge and the necessary social mobilization. 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document