scholarly journals Economic instruments for the implementation of state environmental policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Hryhorii Bukanov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Environmental Goods

The article considers ecological and economic instruments in the context of implementation of the state ecological policy and sustainable development of regions. The number of eco-policy instruments used for economic protection of the environment is constantly changing and expanding. The features that characterize economic instruments are identified: the theoretical basis for the use of economic instruments is the idea of external environmental costs, which are expressed in the negative forms of impact of production and consumption of the environment; secondly, environmental and economic instruments are aimed, on the one hand, on the economic support of rational nature management, and on the other - on environmental protection; third, the basis for the practical application of economic instruments are the principles of "polluter pays" and "user pays"; fourth, economic instruments contribute to the development of a "green" economy, which is the driving force of sustainable (balanced) development. Environmental and economic instruments determine the financial strategy, and this is a solid foundation for the concept of sustainable development. There are two main groups of environmental and economic instruments of state regulation in the field of environmental protection: the first group is represented by fiscal and budgetary economic instruments (environmental taxation, environmental payments and fees, environmental regulation and penalties for violations of environmental legislation), the second group of economic instruments for the implementation of state environmental policy is related to the system of financial and economic incentives for environmental activities (preferential taxes, soft loans, subsidies, market formation of environmental goods and services). The main directions of improving the implementation of economic instruments of public administration in the field of environmental protection are identified.

scholarly journals Prospects for development of environmental taxation in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 112-126
Author(s):  
Vitalii OSTROVETSKY ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Reduction Factor ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
Environmental Measures

The development of technologies entails the deterioration of both the global environmental situation and at the regional level. The solution of environmental issues is directly related to the use of natural resources, as well as the utilization of the economic system, including through the transformation of waste into raw materials for energy production, various materials, reduction of toxic emissions into the air, water, biodiversity, etc. The main economic instruments of environmental protection and improvement of the ecological situation, which are used in world practice for these purposes, are analyzed. Among them are special taxes, pledge-refundable schemes and expanded business responsibility. The analysis of economic instruments of state regulation of nature management and sources of funding for environmental measures in Ukraine suggests that it needs to be revised and systematized with a scientifically sound definition of the parameters of mandatory payments in favour of the state and the proportions of natural distribution resource payments between the parts of the budget system to prevent the scattering of financial resources and their targeted use to finance environmental protection programs and improve the environmental situation in Ukraine. The expediency of strengthening the integration of such payments into the structure of existing taxes on goods (excise tax on gasoline), while maintaining environmental incentives, in particular, coordination with the taxation of corporate profits, for example, in the form of a reduction factor in the case of their include cost. In this case, the environmental component of taxation should correspond to the scale of environmental damage and is the basis of the mechanism for calculating tax payments or other economic incentives. This can be ensured by deepening the differentiation of tax rates depending on the damage to the environment, as well as the conditions of use of natural resources, the availability of certification of nature management enterprises according to ISO 14000 standard.

scholarly journals Education of the next generation of managers in context of green economy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Jana Chovancova ◽  
Helena Harausová
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Third Sector ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Policy Tools ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Green Jobs

This paper deals with the issue of education for sustainable development of the generation of future managers in the context of the green economy. The paper analyses the need for environmental education of graduates in theoretical way who are expected to act as executives and in positions which are defined as Green Enhanced Skills Occupations or shortly Green Jobs and who should be able to apply the tools of environmental protection in a business sector, municipalities or third sector. The essential part of the article presents the partial results of the research, which was focused on finding whether students of economic universities are aware of issue of sustainable development and environmental policy tools, which can help the implementation of green economy in the practice and whether this issue is taught at universities. At the end of the article authors point out the important role of universities in preparing the future managers to work in the green economy.

Organic Production in Serbia

2013 ◽  
pp. 172-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Filipovic ◽  
Svetlana Roljevic ◽  
Bojana Bekic
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Present State ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Faculty Research ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Development Concept ◽  
The Republic

Faculty research is focused on the present state of organic agricultural production in the Republic of Serbia, with emphasis on existing legislation and activities planned in the next period, as well on the parallel between organic agriculture and basic principles of green economy, which represents great perspective of Serbia considering its natural potential. Having in mind that the green economy is recognized by leading world organizations for environmental protection as one of factors that could support realization of sustainable development concept through “greening” economy and opening of new “green” workplaces, the goal of this chapter is to indicate the potential and importance of the larger participation of farmers in organic production as one of the most realistic “green” chances of Serbia.

scholarly journals Perspectives for the Development of the Environmental Taxation System: Consolidation, Differentiation, Expansion of the Tax Base

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
V. Ostrovetskyy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Environmental Taxation ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Global Issues ◽  
Current Economic Situation ◽  
Market Relations

The current economic situation in Ukraine, which is exacerbated by several global issues, such as the political crisis in eastern Ukraine and the spread of COVID-19, requires continuous improvement and development of new environmental instruments to be developed based on balancing state and society as well as preserving the country's natural resource potential for future generations. The system of environmental protection instruments must ensure the efficient functioning of the economic system and not create an excessive burden. Economic instruments: taxes, licenses, quotas, fees, special permits, are gradually replacing the command-administrative methods of environmental management, the system of which was built based on special subsidies, the use of which justified itself in centralized management of the economy in Soviet times. However, in the conditions of the development of market relations, which are based on the principles of democracy, entrepreneurship, development of various forms of ownership, the system of subsidies proved to be ineffective. To replace it began to develop a system of economic incentives for environmental protection, the main elements of which are accessible to the object of use (license, permit), as well as a special fee, tax, the parameters of which are set depending on the scale of damage (pollution) in absolute values or as a percentage of the cost of production. Among the main tools for regulating the environmental aspects of industrial production, first of all, are those that regulate the supply and demand for goods (services), the production and sale of which harms consumers and the environment. Based on the analysis of the dynamics and structure of the main macroeconomic proportions, as well as methods of state regulation of market relations, the article emphasizes the need to adhere to the concept of "green" growth, including through the development and consolidation of environmental taxation. Among the areas of activity in this area, it is proposed to deepen the differentiation of environmental taxation parameters and expand the tax base (expansion of the list of goods, production (consumption) of which is subject to environmental taxation).

scholarly journals Directions of changes in the functioning of economic instruments for environmental policy in Poland

Equilibrium ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Ptak
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Environmental Tax ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Emissions Trading Scheme ◽  
Environmental Expenditures ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
Review Reports

Environmental policy instruments allow to incorporate the problem of using the natural resources into the decision-making process of individual agents. One of the most efficient instruments for environmental protection are economic instruments, the indirect methods of influence on agents’ behavior. The aim of the article is to present the state of the Polish system of economic instruments in the light of other European countries’ experiences (especially European Union countries) and perspectives in the use of economic instruments for environmental policy during the coming years. The study is based on the literature review, reports ordered by the Polish Ministry of Environment and publications published by The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the European Environment Agency (EEA). The analysis suggests that economic instruments are widely used in Polish environmental policy. The main economic instruments in this policy are environmental charges and fines. Some of these charges and fines have been used in Polish environmental for several dozen years. Revenues from these instruments are earmarked for environmental expenditures. There are also some new, interesting economic instruments in Polish environmental policy, such as: deposit-refund systems, tradable energy certificates and emissions trading scheme. There are some opportunities for expanding the use of economic instruments for environmental policy in Poland. For example, there could be increased use of some environmental charges or taxes, and the environmental insurance. Poland could also implement an environmental tax reform.

scholarly journals Green Economy and Sustainable Development: The Economic Impact of Innovation on Employment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Aldieri ◽  
Concetto Vinci
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Knowledge Diffusion ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Job Displacement ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Displacement Effect ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of the knowledge diffusion process in employment effects of sustainable development investments for large international firms. We present an empirical analysis based upon a dataset composed of worldwide Research and Development (R&D) -intensive firms over the period 2002–2010. In order to identify the technological relatedness measure between the firms, we use the friendly environmental patents’ distribution. The drivers of labor innovation effects are identified as a complex combination of job displacement and compensation forces of innovation. Two research questions are investigated: first, we wonder whether green economy investments stimulate firm-level jobs within three different environmental contexts: water, waste and energy; second, we would like to learn the extent to which the knowledge diffusion is an important channel supporting labor in the environmental context, by analysing the impact of intra-industry externalities. From the empirical results, we can observe that environmental spillovers have a negative impact, by confirming the prevalence of the displacement effect. This finding is extremely important for policy implications. Indeed, not only economic incentives to allow the transition to cleaner technologies are required, but also stronger actions to favor job creation relative to environmental activities are needed for a full sustainable achievement of firms.

scholarly journals Cooperation and accounting policies of economic entities as tools for the development of a green economy

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Lukyanova ◽  
Oksana S. Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Entity

Subject. Scientific and technological progress, mining disregarding environmental standards, throw-away economy, and other similar human activities have led to a new economic objective of environmental protection, waste disposal, and recycling. Any qualitative solution to an economic problem requires a quantitative measurement to calculate its scale and create political and organisational measures to eliminate it. State regulation and the support of a green economy means providing for and controlling the processes of enterprise cooperation aimed at waste optimisation and disposal as well as controlling waste recycling. Organisational measures include procedures aimed at the formation of cooperative ties. They also require procedures that form an accounting and analytic section, i.e. procedures for the acknowledgement, assessment, and disclosure of information about waste in financial statements. A realistic estimate and the control of waste as well as liquidation obligations related to its disposal will provide reliable information about the scale of environmental behaviour of each economic entity. Objectives. The study includes identifying tools for the development of a green economy. It proposes methods for environmental cooperation within the framework of waste-free and lean production, the development of conditions for the acknowledgement and correction of estimates of recyclable and non-recyclable waste, and methods for the efficient use of recyclable waste. Methods. The work involved the observation and generalisation of empirical data regarding the economic activities of economic entities and the study of scientific economic literature. It also used methods for the theoretical analysis of provisions of regulatory documents regarding the state control of activities in the field of environmental protection and waste management. Conclusions. The paper presents a study of different types of effective environmental behaviour of economic entities. Such behaviour requires comprehensive measures aimed at using cooperative relations between economic entities and improving the accounting policies of participants of economic relations to reduce waste and to meet liquidation obligations for waste disposal and the remediation of the environment. The proposed tools for the development of a green economy, ways of acknowledging environmental costs, their estimation, control, and saving the environment will make it possible to effectively use limited natural resources.

scholarly journals Sustainable development of small and medium-sized cities in the conditions of the agglomeration effect

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
T. Kuzmitskaya
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Agglomeration Effect

The essence of the concept "sustainable development" is considered. The need to strengthen state regulation of economic relations to smooth out or eliminate negative environmental consequences by forming a green economy as an alternative to the traditional resource-intensive model and creating a more comfortable living environment for the population through the so-called ruralization (or deurbanization - the outflow of the population from cities to rural areas) is shown.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AS THE BASIS OF UKRAINE'S ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Svitlana Chernik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Definition Of

It is established that sustainable development is the basis of Ukraine's environmental policy, which contributes to the balanced use of natural resources, environmental protection and human needs. The definition of the concept of "sustainable development", the main principles of the concept of sustainable development, the elements of the concept of sustainable development are studied. The definition of sustainable development as the interaction of man and nature on the basis of balance and interdependence, provides for rational and efficient consumption of natural resources, minimization of negative impacts on them in the process of meeting the needs of the individual. It is determined that global environmental issues require joint efforts and the implementation of appropriate policies at the state level. It is proved that the environmental policy of Ukraine is based on the principles of sustainable development and regulatory documents approved at the international, regional and national levels. The focus is on regulations governing the implementation of the main provisions of the concept of sustainable development. Important for humanity is the document approved in 2015 at the UN Summit, "Transforming our world: the agenda for sustainable development until 2030", which approved 17 Sustainable Development Goals. The signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine, on the one hand, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, on the other hand, confirmed Ukraine's intentions to further cooperate at the regional level in the field of environmental protection. It has been established that Ukraine is building its policy in view of the relevant commitments. At the national level, the concept of sustainable development is enshrined in the legislation of Ukraine, which lays the foundations of environmental policy and sets indicators for assessing the implementation of state environmental policy in the future.

scholarly journals RECREATIONAL NATURE USE IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT: PRINCIPLES AND ORGANIZATIONAL-ECONOMIC TOOLS

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4(73)) ◽  
pp. 180-188
Author(s):  
H. M. SHEVCHENKO ◽  
M. M. PETRUSHENKO
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Environmental Conflicts ◽  
Ecological Economic ◽  
Use Of Resources

Topicality. In the context of sustainable development as the leading concept of the modern stage of human development, in particular ecological, economic and related social aspects, there are contradictions of various nature in different economic sectors and social spheres. In case of social exacerbation, these contradictions turn into a conflict form, namely in the form of environmental, including natural-resource and other conflicts. Their timely resolution is one of the requirements of national and, in particular, environmental safety. In the sphere of recreational nature management, the issues of contradictions and conflicts are certainly relevant and need improvement both from a theoretical point of view and in terms of formation of organizational-economic instruments for resolving relevant conflict situations. Aim and tasks. The purpose of the study is to summarize and analyze the provisions that underlie the formation of principles and instruments for managing recreational nature use in the context of resolving the contradictions of sustainable development. Research results. The article deals with the methodological principles of nature management research (as a key category for understanding the contradictions of sustainable development), namely: the principle of genetic unity of nature and society, the principle of mediating the role of social production in the relationship "society - nature", the principle of nature reproduction. Theoretical provisions on ecological contradictions and conflicts, in particular regarding recreational nature use, are generalized. The classification of instruments for resolving the contradictions of ecologically sustainable development (both in general and in certain ecological-economic sphere, in particular, recreational use of nature) is proposed, namely: economic (financial-credit: subsidies, grants, preferential credits; preferential and discriminatory taxation of services and products, and the use of resources; environmental insurance; payments for pollution and nature use; accelerated depreciation of environmental funds; price instruments), administrative (decisions of territorial bodies, departmental prohibitions; regulatory framework, in particular, limits on pollution and use of resources, etc.; environmental audit and expertise; environmental monitoring; environmental and natural resource target programs; permits and licenses for any kind of environmental activity; instruments for resolving natural resource conflicts), social and psychological (promoting non-monetary forms of the market; environmental education and training; public pressure; environmental consulting; resolving environmental conflicts) and organizational. Conclusion. In the paper theoretical views that reveal the essence of recreational nature use in the context of contradictions of sustainable ecological and economic development are generalized. The principles of analysis of contradictions related to the methodology of nature use in its extended and narrow interpretations are summarized. Emphasis is placed on the fact that, in the aggravated state, ecological and economic contradictions become ecological conflicts. In the example of the Black Sea region, environmental conflicts related to tourism and recreation are actualized; positive is the fact that their share in the structure of all ten kinds of environmental conflicts is negligible. The classification of organizational-economic instruments for resolving the contradictions of sustainable development, which are adapted to the sphere of recreational nature use, in which, in particular, along with the traditional economic management instruments, are presented organizational and socio-psychological tools for resolving environmental conflicts.

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