scholarly journals Hazard of petrochemical pollution of ponds of the “Olexandria” arboretum (Bila Tserkva)

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-251
Author(s):  
Andriy L. Bricks ◽  
Ruslan B. Gavryliuk ◽  
Yuriy O. Negoda
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Main Stream ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Remediation Measures ◽  
Water Edge ◽  
Continuous Stream ◽  
Petrochemical Pollution ◽  
Hydrogeological Studies

Groundwater pollution in the territory of Bila Tserkva aircraft repair plant developed in a latent form for decades, in a similar fashion to the territory of any object of the supply of petroleum products. In the early 90s of the last century, the first signs of this pollution were detected in places of natural drainage of the groundwater flow directed to the ponds cascade of the Western Hollow. It should be noted that this cascade of ponds located on the border of the arboretum protects the rest of the park by absorbing pollutants that migrate from the plant territory. More than 10 years of research of the contaminated area with the goal of designing remediation measures began and continued after that. This project was not implemented in full because of a lack of funds. Based on a comparative analysis of the results of ecological and hydrogeological studies of the past years and a modern survey of the western part of the arboretum “Olexandria” and the adjacent territory of the former aircraft repair plant, it was established that pollution of the pond “Poterchata” continues to this day. Over the past 12 years, the scheme of pollutants incoming into ponds has changed. At first, the main stream of oil pollutants directed to the upper reaches of the beam was considered as very dangerous. Nowadays, perhaps due to the remediation measures taken, this flow seems to be exhausted. However, there were signs of discharge of a polluted underground stream in the lower reaches of the pond “Poterchata”. In the soil samples from wells drilled near the water edge, the oil content is 600-900 mg/kg, and in places of water sampling from ponds, the content of dissolved hydrocarbons varies from 2 to 3 mg/dm3, that is, 60 times higher than the standard for fish farms ponds. It is assumed that LNAPL and contaminated groundwater move towards the cascade of ponds of the Western Hollow not in a continuous stream, but in the form of narrow tongues in places of increased conductivity, which are consistent with the lateral shallow gullies crossing the slope of hollow. It is possible that over time, oil pollution will reach the lower “Rusalka” pond. However, one cannot exclude the assumption of natural attenuation processes, the significance of which increased after the closure of the plant and a decrease in the volume of LNAPL because of its extraction from the subsoil. In order to confirm or refute the assumptions made and decide on the need to protect the ponds of the arboretum it has been planned to equip the observation points in places where we should expect influent of pollutants.

Monitoring of Petroleum-Related Environmental Contamination Using Fluorescence Fingerprinting

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Literathy ◽  
M. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Aromatic Components ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Petroleum and its refined products are considered the most complex contaminants frequently impacting the environment in significant quantities. They have heterogeneous chemical composition and alterations occur during environmental weathering. No single analytical method exists to characterize the petroleum-related environmental contamination. For monitoring, the analytical approaches include gravimetric, spectrometric and chromatographic methods having significant differences in their selectivity, sensitivity and cost-effectiveness. Recording fluorescence fingerprints of the cyclohexane extracts of the water, suspended solids, sediment or soil samples and applying appropriate statistical evaluation (e.g. by correlating the concatenated emission spectra of the fingerprints of the samples with arbitrary standards (e.g. petroleum products)), provides a powerful, cost-effective analytical tool for characterization of the type of oil pollution and detecting the most harmful aromatic components of the petroleum contaminated matrix. For monitoring purposes, the level of the contamination can be expressed as the equivalent concentration of an appropriate characteristic standard, based on the fluorescence intensities at the relevant characteristic wavelengths. These procedures are demonstrated in the monitoring of petroleum-related pollution in the water and suspended sediment in the Danube river basin

scholarly journals The Past and Present Impact of Oil Pollution on Seabird Mortality World-wide.

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nariko Oka ◽  
Akinori Takahashi ◽  
Kohji Ishikawa ◽  
Yutaka Watanuki
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
The Past

scholarly journals Event conjunction: How the hippocampus integrates episodic memories across event boundaries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin James Griffiths ◽  
Lluís Fuentemilla
Keyword(s):  
Related Event ◽  
Gamma Model ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
The Past ◽  
Continuous Stream ◽  
Event Model ◽  
Episodic Memories ◽  
Hippocampal Theta ◽  
Conceptual Link ◽  
New Framework

Our lives are a continuous stream of experience. Our episodic memories, however, have a definitive beginning, middle and end. Theories of event segmentation suggest that salient changes in our environment produce event boundaries which partition the past from the present and, as a result, produce discretised memories. However, event boundaries cannot completely discretise two memories; any shared conceptual link will eagerly integrate these memories. Here, we present a new framework inspired by electrophysiological research that resolves this apparent contradiction. At its heart, the framework proposes that hippocampal theta-gamma coupling maintains a highly abstract model of an ongoing event and serves to encode this model as an episodic memory. When a second but related event begins, this theta-gamma model is rapidly reconstructed within the hippocampus where new details of the second event can be appended to the existing event model. The event conjunction framework is the first electrophysiological explanation of how event memories can be formed at, and integrated across, event boundaries.

scholarly journals POTENTIOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF MEDICINAL PLANTS

10.23856/3512 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halyna Kovalchuk ◽  
Oksana Lupak ◽  
Halyna Klepach ◽  
Ihor Polyuzhyn
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Hippophae Rhamnoides ◽  
Chelidonium Majus ◽  
Hippophaë Rhamnoides ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Significant Difference

 The article deals with the analysis of the existing methods of investigating the antioxidant activity of plants’ origin and the expediency of measuring oxidation-reduction potential for this purpose.The integral AOA of alcohol extracts Urtica dioica, Trifolium pretense, Chelidonium majus, Hippophae rhamnoides has been determined by potentiometric method using the mediator system. It was established that the leaves of sea – buckthorn are characterised by the highest antioxidant activity (2.05 ± 0.1 mg AA / ml). The АОА of plants Urtica dioica, Chelidonium majus, that were growing along the transport zone is higher by 23,1-27,9% comparing with the plants collected from environmentally friendly area. It was found out that the plants of Hippophae rhamnoides L. coriander were adapted to oil pollution, as evidenced by the absence of a significant difference between AOA of plants collected from environmentally friendly area comparing with the plants that were growing on the soil polluted with petroleum products.

Applying machine learning to satellite imagery and vessel-tracking data to detect chronic oil pollution from ships at sea and identify the polluters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jona Raphael ◽  
Ben Eggleston ◽  
Ryan Covington ◽  
Tatianna Evanisko ◽  
Sasha Bylsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Sar Imagery ◽  
Pollution Events

<p><strong>Operational oil discharges from ships</strong>, also known as “bilge dumping,” have been identified as a major source of petroleum products entering our oceans, cumulatively exceeding the largest oil spills, such as the Exxon Valdez and Deepwater Horizon spills, even when considered over short time spans. However, we still don’t have a good estimate of</p><ul><li>How much oil is being discharged;</li> <li>Where the discharge is happening;</li> <li>Who the responsible vessels are.</li> </ul><p>This makes it difficult to prevent and effectively respond to oil pollution that can damage our marine and coastal environments and economies that depend on them.</p><p> </p><p>In this presentation we will share SkyTruth’s recent work to address these gaps using machine learning tools to detect oil pollution events and identify the responsible vessels when possible. We use a convolutional neural network (CNN) in a ResNet-34 architecture to perform <strong>pixel segmentation</strong> on all incoming <strong>Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar</strong> (SAR) imagery to classify slicks. Despite the satellites’ incomplete oceanic coverage, we have been detecting an average of <strong>135 vessel slicks per month</strong>, and have identified several geographic hotspots where oily discharges are occurring regularly. For the images that capture a vessel in the act of discharging oil, we rely on an <strong>Automatic Identification System</strong> (AIS) database to extract details about the ships, including vessel type and flag state. We will share our experience</p><ul><li>Making sufficient training data from inherently sparse satellite image datasets;</li> <li>Building a computer vision model using PyTorch and fastai;</li> <li>Fully automating the process in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) cloud.</li> </ul><p>The application has been running continuously since August 2020, has processed over 380,000 Sentinel-1 images, and has populated a database with more than 1100 high-confidence slicks from vessels. We will be discussing <strong>preliminary results</strong> from this dataset and remaining challenges to be overcome.</p><p> </p><p>Our objective in making this information and the underlying code, models, and training data <strong>freely available to the public</strong> and governments around the world is to enable public pressure campaigns to improve the prevention of and response to pollution events. Learn more at https://skytruth.org/bilge-dumping/</p>

How About Farms and Ranches?

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 819-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha A. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
The State ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
The Past ◽  
Oil Storage ◽  
Farm Equipment ◽  
Initial Results

ABSTRACT During the past several years it has become apparent that farms and ranches have been delinquent in compliance regarding oil pollution prevention planning and practices. Some deaths have been caused by practices used at these aboveground oil storage tanks. These facilities store smaller quantities of oil, but they can be a great concern for human health and the environment. Some farmers and ranchers store large quantities of oil for the fueling of farm equipment. Yet others have tanks located directly on the shores of lakes and rivers in order to run the pumps needed to irrigate of crops. These tanks are often moved to adjust for rising and lowering of the water level. Region VIII has worked with the state of Montana and several tribes to increase awareness of the need for following spill prevention practices. The initial results have been mixed. There are many farmers and ranchers who work with the state or tribe and come into compliance, while others prefer to take their chances on being selected for a random inspection.

Causes and Consequences of the Black Sea Ecosystem Pollution with Petroleum Products

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Bogdan Cioruța ◽  
Diana Mădăras ◽  
Mirela Coman
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Oil Pipeline

Until the beginning of the 21st century concerns related to the management of protected areas have been reduced to the voluntary initiatives of nature lovers, rarely materializing in specific conservation measures carried out by the authorities or administrators of those areas. As the concern for the management of protected areas is relatively new in Romania and the information related to this subject is relatively scarce, especially those regarding marine ecosystems, we considered necessary this study on the management of marine protected areas in relation to oil pollution. Marine protected areas, in particular, delimited as areas where the main purpose is the protection of nature and cultural values, are important for all segments of society. They have great potential to become models of harmonious society development, promoting more than other protected areas the sustainable resource management. At the same time, the management measures promoted, sometimes imposed, can affect the communities inside or in the immediate vicinity of the areas, and can significantly influence the development of the economy. Recently (as a reference 1970-2020), the pollution of the marine environment with petroleum products has gained dramatic accents. The maritime transport of oil, the exploration and exploitation of marine deposits, their processing in refineries located in the vicinity of the coastal area, to which are added other anthropogenic activities, have generated and still generate a number of risk factors, which involve numerous pollution incidents. Navigation accidents of large oil tanks or incidents at offshore drilling rigs caused, in the same period, major environmental disasters, with the most severe consequences. Marine ecosystems in polluted regions have thus suffered major losses and disturbances, which have been felt for a long time. Through this paper we aim to review some aspects of oil pipeline pollution of the Planetary Ocean, respectively the associated pollution in the Black Sea ecosystem. Following the analyzes carried out on the basis of the data from the consulted literature, as well as following other observations, we came to the conclusion that the protected areas associated with the Black Sea, as well as the marine ecosystem itself, are far from being affected by such accidents.

Control of Internal Corrosion of Petroleum Products Pipelines With Oil Soluble Inhibitors★

CORROSION ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
M. R. BARUSCH ◽  
L G. HASKELL ◽  
R. L PIEHL
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Initial Operation ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Water Cloud ◽  
Products Pipeline

Abstract This article summarizes the corrosion inhibitor program of a products pipeline system since its initial operation eight years ago. Initially alkaline sodium nitrite solutions were utilized for corrosion protection. This material was an effective corrosion inhibitor, but its use resulted in the production of large quantities of rust and scale, and in addition contributed to water cloud problems. Use of an oil soluble corrosion inhibitor minimized these problems and resulted in improved protection of the pipeline. During the past three years an average internal corrosion rate of only 0.025 mil per year was observed, in spite of the fact that prolonged periods occurred when no inhibited product contacted sections of the pipe. A mechanism explaining the behavior of oil soluble corrosion inhibitors in a pipeline is presented. This theory accounts for the outstanding effectiveness of such materials and explains why they protect the metal during the prolonged periods when uninhibited stocks are present. The use of more than one oil soluble corrosion inhibitor in products transported through a pipeline causes mixtures of inhibitor molecules to be adsorbed on the surface of the pipe. One inhibitor in contact with the pipe tends to displace another inhibitor previously adsorbed on the surface. This results in some interchange of the corrosion inhibitors in the products transported. The degree of protection realized from the use of several corrosion inhibitors in a pipeline system is discussed. 5.8.2

scholarly journals First Occurrence Of The Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus Niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) In Lesina Lagoon (Eastern Italian Coast)

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. SCORDELLA ◽  
F. LUMARE ◽  
A. CONIDES ◽  
C. PAPACONSTANTINOU
Keyword(s):  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
The Past ◽  
First Case ◽  
Lesina Lagoon ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Irrigation Drainage ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Experimental Sampling

Individuals of the tilapia species Oreochromis niloticus niloticus(Linnaeus, 1758) were caught in Lesina Lagoon during experimental sampling for the shrimp Penaeus kerathurus using fyke net traps from December 1999 to September 2000. The species O. niloticusis not native in Italian coastal waters, although attempts of tilapia culture in land-based aquaculture farms were occasionally carried out in the past. The number of individuals captured in the samples suggests a colonization of the area of Lesina lagoon. The highest catches were observed during July. In July, the individuals caught represented the 22.3±4.1 % of the total catch weight. Such colonization of a marine environment byO. niloticusniloticus is the first case reported for Italy. The occurrence of the species in Lesina lagoon is attributed to fish which escaped from fish farms in the area and entered the lagoon through the numerous streams and irrigation-drainage channels that outflow along the south coastline.

scholarly journals Tropical Storm Agnes Pennsylvania's Torrey Canyon

1973 ◽  
Vol 1973 (1) ◽  
pp. 569-577
Author(s):  
Robert Kaiser ◽  
Donald Jones ◽  
Howard Lamp'l
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Tropical Storm ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Middle Atlantic ◽  
Schuylkill River

ABSTRACT This paper presents the “Agnes Story” disaster as related to the largest inland oil spill experienced in the history of the U.S. and actions taken by EPA in coping with the problem. Contrasted to the massive oceanic spill of the TORREY CANYON, other major ship oil pollution disasters, the Santa Barbara and Gulf of Mexico offshore platform oil spills, the oil pollution resulting from the flooding produced by Tropical Storm Agnes required unprecedented actions by many governmental agencies. The inland rivers of the Middle Atlantic area experienced spills of petroleum products ranging from over 3,000,000 gallons of No. 2 fuel oil, gasoline and kerosene from storage tanks in Big Flats / Elmira, N.Y. (just north of the Pennsylvania border) to 6,000,000–8,000,000 gallons of black, highly metallic waste oil and sludge from an oil reclamation plant on the Schuylkill River. The aftermath of this gigantic inland oil spill was oil and gasoline soaked fields, oil coated trees, farm houses, homes, factories, an airport, and hundreds of stranded oil puddles, ponds and lagoons as the rivers receded to normal levels. The record setting flood stage along several miles of both the Schuylkill and Susquehanna Rivers and their tributaries was recorded vividly ashore on trees and buildings as if by a black grease pencil, drawing attention to the most widespread property damage suffered from the most devastating storm in recorded U.S. history. Cleanup of the spilled oil in the midst of other rescue and restorative actions by Federal, State and Municipal agencies was fraught with emergency response problems including: identification of major impact points, availability of resources for response actions, coordination of response actions, activation of cleanup contractors, meeting administrative requirements, and the structure for making command decisions. Along with these requirements were technical decisions to be made concerning methods of physical removal procedures, containment systems, chemical treating agents and, very importantly, protecting and restoring the environment. Major spill effects and significant cleanup operations, problems encountered, and lessons learned are presented so that future responses can be better and more efficiently dealt with in an inland oil spill disaster comparable to the “Agnes Oil Spill”.

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