scholarly journals History of economic development and forest land-use in the Fako-Meme forest region of Cameroon

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-580
Author(s):  
Nayombe Moto Theophilus Mukete
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Forest Landscape ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Cash Crop ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
South West ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ecological Region

The article is devoted to investigating a number of issues within the forest landscape of the Fako-Meme, south west region of Cameroon. An assessment of the history of economic development and use of forest in the studied territory was carried out. It was observed that the rate at which these forests are been hewn down for various purposes under the pretext of development leaves much to be desired. The deforestation of the forest with the attendant problems of resource degradation, environmental mutation is a cause for alarm. In order to understand the mutations taking place in the forest landscape, the history of forest use in 4 different periods: 1) the pre-colonial era (before the arrival of European explorers), (2) German colonial rule (1884-1916), (3) British colonial rule (1916-1961) and (4) Independence and post Independence Cameroon (1961-present day). It was observed that during the pre-colonial era the forest landscapes were very stable. Forest degradation in the territory started with the introduction of extensive mechanized agriculture introduced by the colonial masters through the opening of large agro-industrial plantations of rubber, palms and bananas. This forest ecological region suffers from a number of challenges. These problems were investigated in detail with proposals made for the sustainable management of forest resources in this forest ecosystem situated in    the heart of the humid tropical region of the South West of Cameroon. These forests provide for a wide range of human needs ; medicine, timber , fuel wood, non- timber forest products (NTFPs), food crop production and cash crop cultivation. The pattern of land-use change in the Fako-Meme region was studied in three distinctive periods (1978, 2000 and 2015). The results revealed that anthropogenic activities have been systematically raping the forest landscapes so that the environments are only a skeleton or shadow of their former selves. This is an ecological region in which forest gives way to farmlands and plantations. In this respect, we see that what was a forest landscape in the past is now consisting of a succession of cocoa farms, palm, rubber as well as other economic cash crop plantations, with cocoa being the most important cash crop in the region. Evidence from our analysis reveals that this region   has lost 42% of its forest cover within the period 1978-2015. This dynamic can be considered catastrophic. If this trend continues uninterruptedly in the region, then in 60-70 years, the Fako-Meme and the slopes of Mount Cameroon will remain without forest. It is easy to imagine the consequences of this. The study calls for urgent adaptive environmental strategies for the sustainable management of forest and its resources in the region.

scholarly journals The Singapore Rickshaw Pullers: The Social Organization of a Coolie Occupation, 1880–1940

1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Warren
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Malay Peninsula ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

This article integrates the history of the experience of rickshaw coolies into the larger history of Singapore in the period from 1880 to 1940. These were decisive years. They witnessed the extraordinary economic development of the vast potential for tin, rubber, oil palm, and tobacco in the Malay peninsula and on the east coast of Sumatra under colonial rule, and the evolution of Singapore as a “coolie town”, with a colonial administrative heart and an entrepôt port, with the birth of the rickshaw and a stream of emigrants from China who poured in faster and faster to pull it. This floodtide ofsingkeh singkeh (newcomers from China) came to Singapore with the hope of forming a foundation for a new and prosperous life. Expanding Singapore, especially at this stage of its growth from the third quarter of the nineteenth century, was often considered by the migrants as a place of hope and betterment. There were in Singapore tens of thousands of Cantonese, Hengwah, Hockchia, and Foochow sojourners who hoped to find a pipeline to prosperity since the second half of the nineteenth century, when dire poverty and overpopulation plagued Southeast China.

scholarly journals Modern landscaping and medicinal plant loss as a legacy of colonialism in Nigeria (Lokoja as case study).

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-203
Author(s):  
Michael Oloyede Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Indigenous Plants ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town

This paper aims to trace the history of colonial urban planning in Nigerian cities, its legacies of urban design and beautification of the environment. In Nigeria the town planning institutional frame works was established under the colonial rule which persisted to the post colonial period. In this sense the colonial era was a phase in which European institutions and values systems were transferred to Nigeria, one of which is the concept of environmental beautification with the use of plants. An investigation is carried out on the influence of colonial rule on landscaping and urban design. Findings show that the introduction of deliberate landscaping to city planning have over the years systematically led to loss of valuable indigenous plants partly due to the introduction of exotic plants. These are plants that initially were seen as sources of cure for several ailments. There is therefore the need for a rethink as to the type of plants to be used for landscaping.

scholarly journals Analisis Sosiodemografi dan Pola Nafkah Petani Penggarap di Tanah Eks Perkebunan Swasta Jawa Barat

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Yayat Sukayat ◽  
Achmad Choibar Tridahusumah
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
South West ◽  
Wood Construction ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Range ◽  
History Of The South ◽  
Descriptive Statistical Analysis

The long history of the South West Java region is also the history of large private plantations stretching from the colonial era to the current situation. Another reality shows that generations of plantation workers who lived for generations, trying to survive by utilizing the land of former private plantations. This study aims to determine the sociodemographic conditions farmers that cultivated ex-private plantations in Cianjur Regency and their livelihoods. The research method uses a survey and descriptive statistical analysis, while the sample is farmers who cultivated on ex- private plantation. The results showed that the farmers in the study area had an age range between 18 to 82 years. The age structure of smallholder farmers shows the productive age of both male and female smallholder farmers. The average family dependent is 3 people and most tenants own ≤ 0.5 hectares of land. The pattern of livelihood of the family of the tenants depends on the agriculture of paddy fields, utilization of forest products in the form of wood, construction workers and other jobs to fulfill the lives of the farmers and their family.

scholarly journals Skulls and skeletons from Namibia in Berlin

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-26
Author(s):  
Holger Stoecker ◽  
Andreas Winkelmann
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
South West ◽  
History Of ◽  
South West Africa ◽  
Provenance Research

From 2010 to 2013 the Charité Human Remains Project researched the provenance of the remains of fifty-seven men and women from the then colony of German South West Africa. They were collected during German colonial rule, especially but not only during the colonial war 1904–8. The remains were identified in anthropological collections of academic institutions in Berlin. The article describes the history of these collections, the aims, methods and interdisciplinary format of provenance research as well as its results and finally the restitutions of the remains to Namibia in 2011 and 2014.

scholarly journals Trap or Treasure: An economic history of primary production in Hawke's Bay province, 1945-2010

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Malcolm Davie
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Primary Sector ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

<p>Comprised of a broad range of primary activities, Hawke’s Bay is one of New Zealand’s foremost agricultural provinces. Consequently, the province provides an excellent template by which to assess New Zealand agriculture and test differing perspectives of staples-led development. Importantly, the province provides a positive example of staples-led growth and this thesis argues that adjustment within, rather than abandonment of, existing primary production structures has been a rational response to changed economic, social and political circumstances since 1945. Most particularly, two essential adjustment mechanisms existed. First, a dynamic process of land use inter-changeability provided the flexibility required for diversification and delivered strong relative investment returns. Second, levels of corporatisation and internationalisation increased significantly as participants sought productivity enhancements, greater scale and additional capital. Crucially, although aspects of classical staples theory are evident in Hawke’s Bay after 1945, the development of the province’s primary sector does not support interpretations of classical theory as a ‘staples trap.’ Therefore, Hawke’s Bay’s multi-polar model of staples-led economic development challenges the notion, typified by Sutch, that primary sector led economic development is undesirable. It is similarly significant that scholars have not previously considered staples theory within a dynamic system of land use change.  The history of the Hawke’s Bay primary sector since 1945 enables the consideration of broader issues in New Zealand’s economic history. Tariffs, regulation, deregulation and agricultural subsidies played a prominent role in the province after World War Two, the impact of which permits one to locate the Hawke’s Bay story in the wider history of the New Zealand economy. But most importantly, Hawke’s Bay illustrates the distortions of productivism, a concept backed in the first instance by New Zealand farmers and later pursued by the New Zealand government as a remedy for declining agricultural commodity prices and farm profitability. Historical evidence from Hawke’s Bay suggests that productivism and its policy offspring, most notably Supplementary Minimum Prices, rendered the task of structural adjustment to declining commodity prices and changed market conditions substantially more difficult.</p>

scholarly journals Trap or Treasure: An economic history of primary production in Hawke's Bay province, 1945-2010

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Malcolm Davie
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Primary Sector ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

<p>Comprised of a broad range of primary activities, Hawke’s Bay is one of New Zealand’s foremost agricultural provinces. Consequently, the province provides an excellent template by which to assess New Zealand agriculture and test differing perspectives of staples-led development. Importantly, the province provides a positive example of staples-led growth and this thesis argues that adjustment within, rather than abandonment of, existing primary production structures has been a rational response to changed economic, social and political circumstances since 1945. Most particularly, two essential adjustment mechanisms existed. First, a dynamic process of land use inter-changeability provided the flexibility required for diversification and delivered strong relative investment returns. Second, levels of corporatisation and internationalisation increased significantly as participants sought productivity enhancements, greater scale and additional capital. Crucially, although aspects of classical staples theory are evident in Hawke’s Bay after 1945, the development of the province’s primary sector does not support interpretations of classical theory as a ‘staples trap.’ Therefore, Hawke’s Bay’s multi-polar model of staples-led economic development challenges the notion, typified by Sutch, that primary sector led economic development is undesirable. It is similarly significant that scholars have not previously considered staples theory within a dynamic system of land use change.  The history of the Hawke’s Bay primary sector since 1945 enables the consideration of broader issues in New Zealand’s economic history. Tariffs, regulation, deregulation and agricultural subsidies played a prominent role in the province after World War Two, the impact of which permits one to locate the Hawke’s Bay story in the wider history of the New Zealand economy. But most importantly, Hawke’s Bay illustrates the distortions of productivism, a concept backed in the first instance by New Zealand farmers and later pursued by the New Zealand government as a remedy for declining agricultural commodity prices and farm profitability. Historical evidence from Hawke’s Bay suggests that productivism and its policy offspring, most notably Supplementary Minimum Prices, rendered the task of structural adjustment to declining commodity prices and changed market conditions substantially more difficult.</p>

Land Regulations, Tenure, and Land Use of Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-161
Author(s):  
Jeevika Weerahewa ◽  
Dilini Hemachandra ◽  
Gamini Pushpakumara
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Efficient Allocations ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Present land use and tenure of a country is a result of the social norms and regulations. Land use manifests a country's priorities with implications on the economic development. Land tenure has implications on the investment decisions on land and hence efficient allocations of land. Sri Lanka, a country with a history of king's reign, colonial rule and then an elected government has its unique journey in the evolution of laws and regulations and institutions governing land and the resultant land use. This chapter chronicles the evolution of laws and regulations and institutions governing agricultural land and the resultant land use and tenure arrangements. At present, the governance of agricultural land is complex as it involves many regulations and many competing institutions.

The History of Gabon

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Rentier State ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Late Stone Age ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Age Of Discovery ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Colonial ◽  
The 19Th Century

Primeval rainforest at the Equator on the west coast of Africa, the land we know as Gabon, was settled prehistorically by Pygmies during the late Stone Age, and then by Bantu-speaking migrants during the Iron Age. These culturally diverse peoples did not develop a common language or political system with one another until after their violent conquest by Europeans during the colonial era. The Age of Discovery in the 15th century brought European explorers to the coast. The Atlantic triangle trade, with its slave barracoons and entrepôts, transformed some African communities along the coast into centralized kingdoms, and turned other clan-based societies of the forested interior into hunted peoples suspicious of any and all outsiders, European or African. The Scramble for Africa brought military expeditions into Gabon in the 19th century, when French colonial rule was established. Colonialism bestowed on the ethnic groups of Gabon a protonational identity of being “Gabonese,” although this nationalist impulse was muted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by the effort of French authorities and missionaries to assimilate black Africans into France’s culture and civilization. Unassimilated colonial subjects in the interior of the newly conquered territory violently resisted French colonial rule until the world wars, by which time the assimilation project had sufficiently fashioned a new coastal French-educated Gabonese elite. The two world wars weakened France and led these assimilated elites to a call for political reforms, at first taking the form of mono-ethnic-based political parties, but eventually coalescing around multiethnic coalitions, largely francophone in outlook, while retaining many elements of older precolonial identities. Independence in 1960 brought to power three authoritarian rulers—Léon Mba, Omar Bongo, and Ali Bongo—as well as consolidation of an oil-rentier state and an oxymoronic dynastic republic. “Gabonese” national identity emerged, an imagined community constructed out of African music, literature, and art, yet incorporating French as its lingua franca.

The Japanese Factor in the Making of North Korean Socialism

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-251
Author(s):  
Ernest Ming-Tak Leung
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Direct Experience ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Juche Ideology

This article explores a commonly ignored aspect of Japan–North Korean relations: the Japanese factor in the making of Korean socialism. Korea was indirectly influenced by the Japanese Jiyuminken Movement, in the 1910s–1920s serving as a stepping-stone for the creation of a Japanese Communist Party. Wartime mobilization policies under Japanese rule were continued and expanded beyond the colonial era. The Juche ideology built on tendencies first exhibited in the 1942 Overcoming Modernity Conference in Japan, and in the 1970s some Japanese leftists viewed Juche as a humanist Marxism. Trade between Japan and North Korea expanded from 1961 onwards, culminating in North Korea’s default in 1976, from which point on relations soured between the two countries. Yet leaders with direct experience of colonial rule governed North Korea through to the late 1990s.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document