scholarly journals Labile technogenic geological system of the flooded Shevchenko salt mine (Ukraine)

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-201
Author(s):  
L. Bosevska ◽  
Anirban Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Salt Deposit ◽  
Mine Area ◽  
Deformation Control ◽  
Deformation Processes ◽  
Analytical Processing ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
Salt Mining

This paper presents the analog ecological-mining-geological model of the labile technogenic geological system created at the Shevchenko flooded salt mine area within Artyomovsk rock salt deposit, which is the largest rock salt deposit in Europe. Description of all the system elements taking into account their interconnection and interaction are presented on the basis of the analytical processing and compilation of basic mining and geological data as well as the results of the long-term complex ecological-mining-geological monitoring.The paper describes both the geology of the mine area and the condition assessment of the mine including its shape, parameters, and layout. In addition, scientific interpretation of the mechanism of multi-act intrasystem destructive processes, which have been taking place in the last few decades are provided. Natural and technogenic factors determining the development of the created technogenic geological system (such as man-made karst and critical geomechanical deformations) are summarized and analysed. Predictive evaluation of the time-dependent deformation processes development has been carried out using theexisting methodology for assessing the geomechanical condition of the mined-out area of the salt massive. Correctness of the method for evaluation of stability of the unsupported workings system currently in use for the Artyomovsk rock salt deposit development has been confirmed. This work concerns the scientific problems of maintenance of the geo-ecological safety in the densely populated areas disturbed by underground salt mining. Hereinabove research results add information and analytical base to improve the deformation control system for ductile salt layers in various dynamic conditions of man-caused and natural loads. It is shown that such control is required for the aim of reduction of environmental risks and ensuring the safe operation of salt deposits, salt resources protection as well as infrastructure objects at the Earth’s surface nearby sites of modern salt mining activity.

scholarly journals Improving the Stability of the Directional Room G 31-33, Horizon 210 - East, Ocnele Mari-Coceneṣti Salt Mine, By Reinforcement with Anchors and Shotcrete

Mining Revue ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
Dacian-Paul Marian ◽  
Ilie Onica
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Rock Salt ◽  
Systematic Measurement ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Salt Deposit ◽  
3D Finite Element ◽  
G 31 ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Horizontal Displacements

Abstract The rock salt deposit from Ocnele Mari - Coceneşti was mined by the method with rooms and small square pillars, at the levels + 226m and + 210m. Although the saline is not deep, certain instability phenomena (cracks, exfoliations) have occurred in the resistance structures (pillars, ceilings), especially in the G31-33 directional room, horizon 210E. These instability phenomena were also highlighted following the 3D finite element numerical modelling. In order to prevent the degradation of the mining excavations and the resistance structures, the affected surfaces were supported with anchors and reinforced shotcrete. The ceiling of the consolidated section of the G31-33 directional room, horizon 210E is monitored by the systematic measurement, on topographic landmarks mounted on the ceiling, of the vertical and horizontal displacements.

scholarly journals Long Term Analysis of Deformations in Salt Mines: Kłodawa Salt Mine Case Study, Central Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-577
Author(s):  
Marek Cała ◽  
Antoni Tajduś ◽  
Wacław Andrusikiewicz ◽  
Michał Kowalski ◽  
Malwina Kolano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
Stress Ratio ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Salt Dome ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Salt Extraction ◽  
Complex Geological Structure ◽  
Mine Workings

AbstractLocated in central Poland, the Kłodawa salt dome is 26 km long and about 2 km wide. Exploitation of the dome started in 1956, currently rock salt extraction is carried out in 7 mining fields and the 12 mining levels at the depth from 322 to 625 meters below sea level (m.b.s.l.). It is planned to maintain the mining activity till 2052 and extend rock salt extraction to deeper levels. The dome is characterised by complex geological structure resulted from halokinetic and tectonic processes.Projection of the 3D numerical analysis took into account the following factors: mine working distribution within the Kłodawa mine (about 1000 rooms, 350 km of galleries), complex geological structure of the salt dome, complicated structure and geometry of mine workings and distinction in rocks mechanical properties e.g. rock salt and anhydrite. Analysis of past mine workings deformation and prediction of future rock mass behaviour was divided into four stages: building of the 3D model (state of mine workings in year 2014), model extension of the future mine workings planned for extraction in years 2015-2052, the 3D model calibration and stability analysis of all mine workings.The 3D numerical model of Kłodawa salt mine included extracted and planned mine workings in 7 mining fields and 14 mining levels (about 2000 mine workings). The dimensions of the model were 4200 m × 4700 m × 1200 m what was simulated by 33 million elements. The 3D model was calibrated on the grounds of convergence measurements and laboratory tests. Stability assessment of mine workings was based on analysis of the strength/stress ratio and vertical stress. The strength/stress ratio analysis enabled to indicate endangered area in mine workings and can be defined as the factor of safety. Mine workings in state close to collapse are indicated by the strength/stress ratio equals 1. Analysis of the vertical stress in mine workings produced the estimation of current state of stress in comparison to initial (pre-mining) conditions.The long-term deformation analysis of the Kłodawa salt mine for year 2014 revealed that stability conditions were fulfilled. Local disturbances indicated in the numerical analysis were connected with high chambers included in the mining field no 1 and complex geological structure in the vicinity of mine workings located in the mining fields no 2 and 3. Moreover, numerical simulations that projected the future extraction progress (till year 2052) showed positive performance. Local weakness zones in the mining field no 7 are associated with occurrence of carnallite layers and intensive mining which are planned in the mining field no 6 at the end of rock salt extraction.

Role of impurities within the salt layers on the long-term rheological variations within the evaporite sequence. A case study from the Ocnele Mari salt mine, Romania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Adamuszek ◽  
Dan M. Tamas ◽  
Jessica Barabasch ◽  
Janos L. Urai
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Rock Salt ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Viscosity Ratio ◽  
Mechanical Anisotropy ◽  
Salt Mine ◽  
Tectonic Structures ◽  
Geological Time Scale ◽  
Numerical Tool

<p>To predict long-term evolution of underground storage caverns and nuclear waste repositories, information about the mechanical behaviour of halite-dominated evaporites at time scales far longer than possible in the laboratory is critical for safe design and operation. In this project, we aim to interpret the long-term properties of rock salt based on the analysis of natural tectonic structures such as folds that developed over geological time scale. Fold geometry is a sensitive parameter to the rheological properties of the layers and thus it is valuable in the process of deciphering their mechanical behaviour.</p><p>We analyse the excellent exposures of layered, folded rock salt in Ocnele Mari salt mine in the Southern Carpathians of Romania. The formation is composed of over 90% of halite, where distinct layering demonstrates variation in the amount of impurities. The layers are millimetres to metres thick and show fold shapes on various scales forming spectacular multiwavelength structures. Our detailed analysis of these structures included field measurements, microanalysis, and 3D model reconstruction models using photogrammetry techniques. Our data clearly indicate that the sequence must be mechanically stratified.</p><p>In selected pillars, we digitized folded packages and estimated the relative layer thicknesses based on the assumption of plane strain deformation and no-volume change in the deformed rock mass. The layer thicknesses are then employed to constrain initial geometries for the numerical analysis. With an assumption of the constant fold arclength, we estimate the minimum amount of bulk shortening to be ca. 70-80%. Using FOLDER [1], a numerical tool for analysing the deformation in layered rock, we used different rheological properties of the layers to model the evolving the fold structures after 80% of shortening. For a range of values of viscosity ratio (Newtonian and Power-law) between the layers, our results are very similar to the fold shape pattern observed in the field. Systematic analysis of various models allowed us to constrain the mechanical properties of the formation.</p><p>The field observation and numerical data clearly show that the evaporite sequence within the Ocnele Mari salt is mechanically heterogeneous and anisotropic. The long-term viscosity ratio of the layers depends on the amount of impurities and their type. Even a small amount of impurities within the layer can significantly change the viscosity of rock salt. We estimated that viscosity ratio between the selected layers can reach up to 20-30. This points to a significant mechanical anisotropy, even in relatively pure halite deposits. The presence of layers of anhydrite, clay, K-Mg salts etc. will further increase this anisotropy. </p><p>[1] Adamuszek, M., Dabrowski, M., Schmid, D.W., 2016. Folder: a numerical tool to simulate the development of structures in layered media. J. Struct. Geol. 84, 85–101.</p>

scholarly journals Mechanism of groundwater inrush hazard caused by solution mining in a multilayered rock-salt-mining area: a case study in Tongbai, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zeng ◽  
Tingting Shi ◽  
Zhihua Chen ◽  
Liu Xiang ◽  
Shaopeng Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rock Salt ◽  
Water Inrush ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Groundwater Inrush ◽  
Solution Mining ◽  
Brine Leakage ◽  
Salt Mining

Abstract. The solution mining of salt mineral resources may contaminate groundwater and lead to water inrush out of the ground due to brine leakage. Through the example of a serious groundwater inrush hazard in a large salt-mining area in Tongbai County, China, this study mainly aims to analyse the source and channel of the inrushing water. The mining area has three different types of ore beds including trona (trisodium hydrogendicarbonate dihydrate, also sodium sesquicarbonate dihydrate, with the formula Na2CO3 × NaHCO3 × 2H2O, it is a non-marine evaporite mineral), glauber (sodium sulfate, it is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2SO4 as well as several related hydrates) and gypsum (a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with chemical formula CaSO4 × 2H2O). Based on characterisation of the geological and hydrogeological conditions, the hydrochemical data of the groundwater at different points and depths were used to analyse the pollution source and the pollutant component from single or mixed brine by using physical–chemical reaction principle analysis and hydrogeochemical simulation method. Finally, a possible brine leakage connecting the channel to the ground was discussed from both the geological and artificial perspectives. The results reveal that the brine from the trona mine is the major pollution source; there is a NW–SE fissure zone controlled by the geological structure that provides the main channels through which brine can flow into the aquifer around the water inrush regions, with a large number of waste gypsum exploration boreholes channelling the polluted groundwater inrush out of the ground. This research can be a valuable reference for avoiding and assessing groundwater inrush hazards in similar rock-salt-mining areas, which is advantageous for both groundwater quality protection and public health.

Construction and operation of batching plants in difficult geological conditions of Upper Kama potash mines

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
V. N. Aptukov ◽  
V. V. Tarasov ◽  
V. S. Pestrikova ◽  
O. V. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Crack Opening ◽  
Concrete Lining ◽  
Salt Deposit ◽  
Mine Shaft ◽  
Deformation And Fracture ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Long Term Experience ◽  
Term Maintenance

Scenarios of the component arrangement of batching plants in the system of a vertical mine shaft are discussed. The features of operation of batching plants in vertical shafts of potash mines are identified. The actual recorded damages generated in the lining of batching plants in the course of their longterm operation in potash mines are described. The geomechanical researches aimed to determine vertical convergence in batching rooms of mine shafts, as well as for monitoring of crack opening and displacements in sidewalls in the batching chambers are presented. The major results of the full-scale geomechanical observations are reported, and the main causes of fractures in concrete and reinforced concrete lining at junctures of shafts and batching rooms and shaft bins are identified. The set of the engineering solutions implemented for the protection of lining in batching facilities during construction of mine shafts is described, and its efficiency is evaluated. The mathematical modeling is carried out to estimate various negative impacts on deformation and fracture of concrete lining in shafts with regard to the time factor. From the modeling results, the dominant cause of concrete lining damage in batching chambers and in mine shaft is found. Based on the accomplished research results and actual long-term experience of operation of mine shafts, the most favorable factors are determined for the best design choices in construction and long-term maintenance-free operation of batching plants in potash mines of the Upper Kama Potash–Magnesium Salt Deposit.

Fundamentals and Main Provisions of the Functional-Procedural Concept of Mental Deprivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 514-525
Author(s):  
Yuliana M. Terletska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Mental Phenomenon ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Human Psyche ◽  
Destructive Processes ◽  
The Impact

Science still does not have a single scientifically sound concept of mental deprivation, which would explain its psychological essence, this mental phenomenon cannot be adequately assessed, or measures to prevent or eliminate negative mental phenomena it provoked cannot be developed. The article aims to reveal the basic principles and substantiate the main provisions of the functional-procedural concept of mental deprivation. Psycho-energetic and energy-psycho-functional approaches were used, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, abstraction, specification, comparison, generalisation, and grouping of knowledge about the human psyche. The functional-procedural concept of mental deprivation of humans covers an interconnected system of provisions. According to them, mental deprivation is a course of more or less powerful destructive processes in the functioning of his psyche. Such processes arose from the destruction of mental parameters in various areas due to long-term unfulfilling necessary for normal functioning and development. The development of a functional-procedural concept of mental deprivation of a human will make it possible, first, to adequately define its essence and content in the scientific dimension as a phenomenon of the psyche; secondly, to assess its impact on the functioning of the whole psyche; third, to disclose the impact on development or its delay, actions, behaviour, and activities of an individual; fourth, to develop psychotherapeutic measures to prevent the occurrence of mental deprivation and eliminate its negative consequences.

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