scholarly journals Researching of chemical and biological elements in No-Till agrotechnology

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
V. V. Nykyforov ◽  
V. Ya. Moklyak ◽  
O. V. Novokhatko ◽  
Yu. V. Ritchenko ◽  
A. B. Kulbachko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
No Till ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
The Impact

The richness of civilization is the soil which 99% of it produces food. There is more than 95% of the gene pool of living matter in the soil of planet. In modern conditions, there is a problem of rational use of soil as place for natural formations (edafotops) which are the most important components of biogeocenosis. The relevance of this work is that the soil as nutrient in the biosphere performs a unique function. The most important parameter is the fertility of the soil, which determines the basic properties of terrestrial ecosystems: efficient production and stability. Estimation of the main factors of fertilityed edafotop is a mandatory element of environmental monitoring. The purpose of this work is to study the dynamics of acidity and assessment of humus content in soil with sand and character changes on the number of microorganisms of major ecological-trophic groups and quantitative analysis of microalgae with typical chernozem processing and No-Till. Scientific novelty of results. For the first time the complex estimation of features humus formation in typical horizons layer was conducted and the dependence population of the complex microbial edafotop farm was installed on the territory farming systems of Semenivka district of Poltava region. For research were selected 17 soil samples in Semenivka district (Poltava region). The soil samples were selected in the localities which use standardized methods and techniques. The objects of study are samples chernozem typical from edafotop with different processing technology, in particular after making defekat sugar production, selected on the territory of the farm agrocenosis. Subject of research is dynamics of humus, microbiota and algae in soils that are traditionally handled by biotechnology and No-Till, and the impact a defekat of sugar production on the soil acidity. As a result of research settled the following tasks: 1) it was selected the samples of chernozem with varying technology soil processing; 2) it was estimated humus content by Tyurin (titrimetric) and acidity of soil samples by potentiometry; 3) it was investigated the feasibility of using a defekate after sugar production as fertilizer; 4) it was found the number of complex microbial studied soils; 5) it was set the factors in the formation of complex microbial soil; 6) it was set of environmental measures aimed at restoring of soil fertility. Soil samples were prepared for analysis by standard procedure. During the research was used a method of potentiometry to determine pH (degree of acidity of the soil solution). The concentration of humus titrimetric determined by using of chromium mixture and Mohr's salt (I. V. Tyurin method). Preliminary preparation of soil for microbiological analysis was performed by dispersing. For quantifying soil microorganisms was used the method of planting soil slurry into solid peptone-agarnutrient media and Zvyagintsev's scale. Statistical analysis of the results of research was carried out using MS Excel. The practical significance of the results is the scientific substantiation of ecological and economic profitability of introducing technology No-Till in Ukraine. This agrotechnology will preserve and restore the fertile layer of soil (improving its chemical, physical and biological properties, increasing content of organic matter in the soil), reduce or eliminate erosion of soil (no need to spend extra money to solve this problem), accumulate and retain the moisture in the soil, which in turn will reduce dependence the crop on climatic conditions and increase crop yields. It Is established that the use of No-Till system increased content humus, increased the number of microorganisms and soil microalgae, which can significantly affect the fertility of chernozem.

scholarly journals The influence of microbial preparations and farming systems on the structure of the microbocenosis of the rhizosphere of Triticum aestivum L.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Egovtseva ◽  
◽  
T.N. Melnichuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
No Till ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
The Impact

Microorganisms are the most important bioindicators of the environment and ecological risk assessment. The impact of the no-till farming system in combination with microbial preparations needs to be studied and is an urgent task aimed at preserving fertility. The aim of our study was to determine the effect of pre-sowing inoculation with complex microbial preparations (CMP) and farming systems (no-till and conventional farming system) on the microbocenosis of the rhizosphere of Triticum aestivum L. in the Crimean Steppe. Microbiological analysis of the rhizosphere showed a significant increase in the number of actinobacteria (twice). The number of micromycetes, among which there are many pathogens of various plant diseases, decreased under direct sowing by 23 % as a result of inoculation and amounted to 21.5 thousand CFU/g of soil. The number of cellulose-destroying microorganisms that form soil fertility increased under the influence of microbial preparations by 23 % under conventional farming system (10.0 thousand CFU/g of soil); by 20 % under no-till (15.4 thousand CFU/g of soil). Thus, it was found that the use of microbial preparations under both farming techniques contributed to an increase in the number of microorganisms of most ecological-trophic groups that participate in the transformation of nitrogen in the rhizosphere, enhanced enzymatic processes, reduced the development of pathogenic microbiota and, consequently, contributed to improving the state of soil biocenosis.

scholarly journals Impact of microbial preparations on the activity of rhizosphere and the productivity of oil flax under no-till

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.N. Melnichuk ◽  
◽  
A.A. Gongalo ◽  
A.Yu. Egovtseva ◽  
E.R. Abdurashytova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Nitrogen Fixers ◽  
No Till ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
Direct Sowing

Microbial preparations improve mineral nutrition of plants, protect against phytopathogens, and increase their resistance to stress factors. The aim of our research is to study the effect of microbial preparations on the biological activity of rhizosphere and the productivity of oil flax under no-till in the Crimean Steppe. Microbiological analysis of the rhizosphere of oil flax showed that there is a tendency to increase the number of microorganisms of various ecological and trophic groups both under the conditions of the conventional farming system (CFS) and no-till when seeds are inoculated with a complex of microbial preparations (CMP). Under CFS, the number of microorganisms using mineral forms of nitrogen as nutrition increased by 28 %; pedotrophs – by 37 %; ammonifiers and oligotrophs increased under both farming systems. The total number of nitrogen fixers increased by 29 % under CFS as a result of biological preparations use, while under no-till there was only a trend towards increasing the amount of azotobacter. The number of actinomycetes increased under the influence of CMP by 50% under direct sowing; micromycetes decreased under both farming systems. The number of cellulose-degrading microorganisms increased by 18 and 27 % under no- till and CFS, respectively. The yield of oilseed flax under no-till was 0.11 t/ha (12.9 %) higher than under conventional farming system. On average, over three years (2017-2019), an increase in yield amounted to 0.12 t/ha (19%) due to the use of microbial preparations.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Sawmill Waste on the Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
H. O. Stanley ◽  
J. A. Nnamdi ◽  
C. D. Onwukwe
Keyword(s):  
Soil Samples ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
As Species ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Quality Analyzer ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Microbiological Properties

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of sawmill wastes from selected sawmills in Port Harcourt on the environment. The physicochemical and microbiological features of the air at the sawmill sites were determined using air quality analyzer and settling plate technique respectively. Soil samples were analyzed for their physicochemical and microbiological properties. The study showed that of all the parameters monitored in the air samples at all the sampling sites, only noise level, volatile organic compounds and sulphur (IV) oxide exceeded the Federal Ministry of Environment limits. Results for microbiological analysis of air samples revealed that Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Counts (THBC) ranged from 2.5 x 104 (CFU/m3) to 1.3 x 104 (CFU/m3) while Total Fungal Counts (TFC) ranged between 1.7 x 104 (CFU/m3) and 7.7 x 103 (CFU/m3). The bacteria present in the air samples were identified as species of Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Klebsiella, Serratia, Pseudomonas, Providencia and Bacillus while the fungi were identified as species of Penicillium, Aspergillus, Geotrichum, Cryptococcus, Rhizopus and Mucor. Results for microbiological analysis of soil samples revealed that THBC ranged from 2.06 x 106 (CFU/g) to 1.1 x 106 (CFU/g) while TFC ranged between 35 (CFU/g) and 1.4 x 102 (CFU/g). The bacterial isolates from the soil were identified as species of Pseudomonas, Salmonella, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Serratia and Aeromonas while the fungal isolates were identified as species of Penicillium, Aspergillus, Mucor and candida. The soil physicochemical properties monitored (pH, nitrate, lead, copper arsenic and mercury) where all within normal limits. The study showed that there are inhalable chemical and biological agents in the air at sawmills at the study locations. Measures should be put in place at sawmills to prevent occupational exposure and the waste should be properly managed.

scholarly journals Impact of Organomineral Fertilization Systems on the Yield of Field Crops and Changes in the Productivity of Crop Rotation on Irrigated Ordinary Carbonate Chernozems of the Central Ciscaucasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 01039
Author(s):  
Ruslan Bizhoev ◽  
Sarina Konova ◽  
Asiyat Sarbasheva ◽  
Olga Batyrova ◽  
Rada Gazheva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

The paper presents the research results of the impact of different fertilization systems - mineral and organic, using intercropping of green manure crops, biological resources (straw of grain crops, foliar of maize) on crop yields of grain rotating crops - winter wheat, maize, peas and the productivity of hectare of arable black land of ordinary carbonate chernozem in dryland conditions of the Central Caucasus region with different indicators of growing seasons. The scientific novelty of the paper is the identification of optimum-rational fertilization systems and the justification of the influence of the studied fertilization systems and the use of by-products of the crop rotation, which make it possible to obtain stable crop yields and maintain the humus content in the soil. The work defines the efficiency of the use of different mineral fertilizer doses in combination with organic fertilizers, which form the highest crop yield and crop rotation productivity.

scholarly journals The effect of No-till technology on the mineral nitrogen content in the Lower Don Chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 02014
Author(s):  
Anna Medvedeva ◽  
Olga Buryukova ◽  
Yaroslav Ilchenko ◽  
Tatyana Minkina ◽  
Roman Kamenev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of a five-year study of the impact of various agricultural technologies (No-till, minimum and traditional using moldboard ploughing) on the content of mineral nitrogen in Haplic Chernozem in southern zone of Rostov Region. It has been revealed that the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the winter wheat areas cultivated by various agricultural technologies does not significantly change in samples collected both in spring and in summer. However, the content of nitrate nitrogen under resource-saving technologies (both minimum and Notill) has been higher than under ploughing throughout the whole period of study. The trend identified has not been mathematically confirmed. Nevertheless, the impact of No-till technology on the intensity of ammonification and nitrification should not be unequivocally denied, since a significant amount of mineral nitrogen is extracted by crops, and their crop yields under minimum and zero tillage was higher, than when ploughing was applied.

Digitalization and digital platform in the economic development of the agricultural sector

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 314 (12) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Liubov Vodianka ◽  
Tetiana Yurii
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Digital Platform ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to reveal the modern significance of digitalization and digital platforms for the economic development of the subjects of the agricultural sector of the economy. Research methods. The following methods were used in the research process, in particular: abstract-logical method (when studying the theoretical foundations of digitalization of the economy), monographic (to clarify the essence of the relevant categories), comparative analysis (when studying the level of digitalization of agricultural holdings «Dream» and «Svarog West Group») economic-statistical (in identifying trends and patterns of development of the state economy), illustrative (for a visual representation of the digital platform of agriculture), as well as methods of systematic approach, grouping and generalization, other methods in the field of economic research. Research results. The need to use a digital platform, especially for small and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, has been identified. In particular, this system will allow: public authorities (to make a plan of visits and yields; to report on the allocation of subsidies, as well as their use; to conduct a financial audit for each enterprise; to assess the competitive advantages of each enterprise; enterprises (to analyze data from weather stations; to study information on the condition of soils; choose crops for sowing; assess the risks of crop loss; obtain data on climatic risks). Scientific novelty. Theoretical provisions on the impact of digitalization of the economy on agricultural production and the need for digitalization of production and economic processes have been further developed. Practical significance. As a result of the implementation of the proposed digital platform in agriculture, the following benefits will be obtained: increased crop yields; the field planning system will improve; reduce production costs based on efficient use of resources and science-based approaches Figs.: 1. Refs.: 17.

Impact of sewage sludge application on the humus state of sod-podzolic soil of subcarpathia under energetic willow plantation

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lopushniak ◽  
G. Hrytsulyak
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Group Composition ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Humus State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sludge Application ◽  
Humus Quality

Aim. To determine the impact of energetic willow fertilization with sewage sludge (SS) and manure on the change in the humus state of sod-podzolic soil of Subcarpathia under energetic willow plantation. Methods. Soil samples were collected on the experimental fi eld of Ivano-Frankivsk College of LNAU. The humus con- tent was determined according to DSTU 4289:2004; that of its labile forms – according to DSTU 4732:2007, the content of organic matter in SS and manure – according to GOST 27980-88. Results. The application of sewage sludge for energetic willow grown in sod-podzolic soil of Subcarpathia led to the increase in the total humus content by 0.5–1.1 % compared to the control (without fertilizers). The use of SS preconditioned the change in the humus quality, including the increase in humic acids in humus by 0.05–0.07 %, which promoted the increase in the share of stable humus up to 68–70 % and the stabilization of the humus state of sod-podzolic soil. Conclusions. The application of sewage sludge impacts the change in the indices of humus quality, in particular, its group composition. The level of humic acids content in humus increases with the increase in the dose of the introduced sewage sludge and manure, based thereon. It ensures the increase in the share of stable humus in soil, which, in its turn, conditions the stabilization of humus state of sod-podzolic soil. However, this dependence weakens with depth.

scholarly journals Посухи в контексті змін клімату України

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-146
Author(s):  
В. М. Писаренко ◽  
П. В. Писаренко ◽  
В. В. Писаренко ◽  
О. О. Горб ◽  
Т. О. Чайка
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Research Results ◽  
No Till ◽  
The Impact

Мета статті – довести необхідність впровадження системних і науково обґрунтованих заходів з адаптації аграрного виробництва до нових кліматичних умов у зв’язку зі збільшенням повторюваності посух. Методика дослідження. Методологічною основою дослідження слугували такі наукові методи: історико-діалектичний, аналізу і синтезу, теоретичний пошук і абстрактно-логічний, математичного та статистичного аналізу на основі результатів досліджень, що проведені на сільськогосподарських угіддях ПП «Агроекологія». Результати дослідження. Досліджено теорії змін клімату, з якими пов’язані посухи: вплив сонячної активності, вплив космічних факторів, антропогенний вплив на природу. Обґрунтовано доцільність розробки адаптаційних заходів у технології сільськогосподарського виробництва, що дозволять зменшити негативний вплив погоди, та технологічні заходи з накопичення, збереження і раціонального використання вологи, особливо в умовах посух.  Показано вплив на збереження вологи, урожайність і рентабельність аграрного виробництва різних систем землеробства: інтенсивної, органічної, no-till, strip-till, точного землеробства, біоензимної технології, біогенного землеробства. Доведено, що в умовах змін клімату  актуальності набувають дослідження вологозберігаючих систем землеробства, однією з яких є органічне землеробство. Елементи наукової новизни. Визначено особливості агротехнічних прийомів, що сприяють накопиченню, збереженню та раціональному використанню ґрунтової вологи, за умов різних систем землеробства. Практична значущість. Проведені дослідження впливу висоти снігового покриву на запаси вологи у метровому шарі ґрунту за системи органічного землеробства, що свідчить про значну роль снігозатримання. Розкрито доцільність регулювання вологозабезпечення культур таких агротехнологічних заходів: створення куліс для затримки снігу, використання лісосмуг, впровадження сівозмін, правильне структурування посівних площ, мінімальний обробіток ґрунту, використання органічних добрив, мульчування поверхні поля. The purpose of the article is to prove the necessity of introducing systemic and scientifically grounded measures for the adaptation of agrarian production to new climatic conditions in connection with the increasing drought recurrences. Methods of research. The following scientific methods were the methodological basis of the research: historical-dialectical, analysis and synthesis, theoretical search and abstract-logical, mathematical and statistical analysis based on the research results conducted on farm lands of the private enterprise "Agro-ecology". The research results. The theories of climate changes, which are connected with droughts –   the influence of solar activity, cosmic factors, anthropogenic impact on nature, have been investigated. The expediency of developing adaptation measures in agricultural production technology, which will enable to reduce the negative influence of weather, and technological measures on accumulation, conservation and rational use of moisture, especially in conditions of drought, has been substantiated. The impact on moisture preservation, productivity and profitability of agrarian production of different farming systems (intensive, organic, no-till, strip-till, precision farming, bio-enzyme technology, biogenic farming) has been shown. It is proved that the research of moisture-conserving farming systems, one of which is organic farming, in the conditions of climate change is topical. The elements of scientific novelty. The peculiarities of agro-technical methods favoring the accumulation, conservation and rational use of soil moisture, under the conditions of different farming systems have been determined. Practical significance. The studies of snow cover height effect on moisture reserves in a meter layer of soil at organic farming system have been conducted and they have shown the significant role of snow retention. The expediency of regulating crop moisture supply with such agro-technological measures as creating gates  for snow retention, using forest bands, introducing crop rotation, correct structuring of sown areas, minimal soil tillage, using organic fertilizers, mulching field surface has been disclosed.

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality of Experimental Silages in Combination With the Addition of Topsoil Soil Layer and Ensiling Additives

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Mlejnková ◽  
Martina Fröhdeová ◽  
Libor Kalhotka ◽  
Petr Doležal
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Topsoil Layer

Fodder crops contamination by the surface layer of soil is important in terms of the occurrence of clostridial spores that can infect silage through the contaminated fodder crops, which is followed by the feeding and occurrence of clostridia in the environment of the stalls resulting in their presence in milk, milk products and finally in the human digestive system. The main objective of the submitted study was to assess the impact of added topsoil layer and ensiling additives on the hygienic quality of the experimental silages. In the model experiment, we used alfalfa from the second cut. In total, the experiment included 9 various treatments in three repetitions. Use was made of the variants of experimental silages P0, P20, P40 (without ensiling additive), B0, B20, B40 (treated with a biological ensiling additive) and CH0, CH20, CH40 (treated with a chemical ensiling additive) always with an addition of a surface layer of soil in a quantity of 0, 20 and 40 g/kg of dry matter. The model silages were assessed after 10-week storage. A representative sample was taken from each experimental variant to perform a microbiological analysis. In the experiment, the counts of clostridia colonies, sporulating microorganisms, anaerobic microorganisms, total number of microorganisms (CPM), lactic acid bacteria, moulds and yeasts were observed. Statistically conclusive difference in the topsoil layer addition was only proved in CPM between variants P20 (1.96E+07 ± 6.21E+06) and P40 (4.97E+07 ± 1.89E+07) and bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family between variants P0 (2.17E+02 ± 3.32E+01) and P40 (3.64E+01 ± 2.57E+01). A positive effect of ensiling additives on the microorganism growth inhibition was determined.

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