scholarly journals Specific features of accumulation of humus in technozems under poplar plantations in the conditions of the Western Donbass

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
A. N. Masyuk ◽  
V. A. Gorban
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Poplar Plantations ◽  
Humus Accumulation ◽  
Zonal Soils

One of the consequences of the mining industry’s activity is the removal of various granulometric composition on the daily surface of rocks, differing in water, physical and chemical properties. Subsequently, these rocks become the object of biological reclamation of land. The study of the role of humus in soil-forming processes occurring in reclaimed lands is important for establishing the features of their genesis. The suitability of soils for biological reclamation, taken out during development in dumps, is divided into three groups: suitable (fertile soil, which, as a rule, is separately removed, and potentially fertile rocks), are of little use (they have limited opportunities for growing plants) and are unsuitable phytotoxicity, rocky and others, in which edapho-ecological restrictions approach a minimum and a maximum). Proceeding from this, it is of interest to study: 1) the humus profile in technozems that are formed only from rocks, since from the moment of their emergence on the day surface the counting of the soil-forming process begins; 2) consideration of the behavior of humus in the fertile layer of technozems, consisting only of the mixed horizons H and Hp of zonal soils, because in the process of the technical stage of reclamation, the connections and properties characteristic of their natural historical compilation are lost. Field studies were concentrated on the experimental and experimental site of forest recultivation number 2 of Dniprovsky National University named after Oles Honchar in the Western Donbass, representing various variants of artificially created edaphotopes. Formation of the site lasted for two years and in its final form was a dump made up by a mine rock (carefully planned), on the surface of which there were artificially designed single-, two- and three-tier structures of reclaimed lands. The heap with a total area of 11.4 hectares was located between the mines «Blagodatnaya» and «Pavlogradskaya» (Dnepropetrovsk region, Pavlograd district). Stationary observations were carried out in poplar plantations. Edaphotop constructions were created as a result of the technical stage of reclamation, when the ground mass of ordinary chernozem and overburden rocks in different sequence and thickness fell to the phytotoxic mine rock (the product of the coal mining industry), which was placed on the day surface in the dumps. In the trial plots, soil sections were laid. Sampling was carried out every 10 cm along all the soil profile in 3-fold repetition, including mine rock. For a more complete (objective) characteristic, in some cases, the selection was carried out from the top 0–2 cm layer, as well as at the boundaries of the different-quality reclamation layers. The total content of humus was determined by Tyurin. As control (zero-moment), rocks were used from the sides of the quarry, from which the edaphotops artificially created for reclamation were formed and located in the immediate vicinity of the experimental site. To determine the stage of soil formation in comparison technologies, zonal soils were used (chernozems of ordinary heavy loam on loess) located in the Mavrinsky nursery (Dnipropetrovsk region, Pavlograd district), in which there were plantations of black poplar, the age of which corresponds to the age of plantations in the areas of forest reclamation in the Western Donbass and located 20 km from the experimental site outside the zone of influence of coal industry objects. As a result of the studies carried out, it has been established that the processes of humus accumulation in techno-scales are most active in surface layers (0–2 cm), which are characterized by the maximum content of humus primarily due to the fall of poplar plantations. In the studied techno-scales with depth, a gradual attenuation of the processes of humus accumulation is observed. The main source of organic matter, which eventually turns into soil humus, is the roots and decay of poplar, which under these conditions is the main edificator. The flow of organic matter in the form of leaf litter stimulates the processes of humus accumulation in the surface layers of technozems, and in the form of roots in all layers of the technozems where they are located. The humus content in the fertile soil layer increases, and the profile changes depend on the content of organic matter in the «parent» (zonal) horizons H and Hp involved in the reclamation and their relationships (or their share in the formation of the upper part of the technozem). In the horizons of rocks lying below the fertile soil layer, the humus content was within the limits corresponding to the zero-moment of soil formation. In the composition of ancient alluvial deposits, inclusions of various clays (loess-like, kaolinic, reddish-brown and others) are often found, ground mass of chernozems, sometimes of mine rock, which gives it a new qualitative state and promotes the formation of fertility close to loam. In places of significant impurities of clay (more than 30 %), the fertility of various mixtures can be higher than that of each breed separately – sands, sandy loams, loams, clays. Significant carbon stocks in the mine rock are not a source of organic matter used to feed plants due to the lack of mobile and water-soluble forms of humus nature.

DYNAMICS OF HUMUS RESERVES AND FORECAST OF CARBON-INVESTING POTENTIAL OF ZONAL SOILS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Liliya Gaffarova
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Typical Chernozem ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Soil Formation Factors ◽  
Zonal Soils

The article analyzes the results of statistical processing of morphometric and agrochemical indicators of zonal soils of the Republic of Tatarstan based on the accumulated information of large-scale soil studies. The boundaries of genetic horizons are examined, the content of humus and its reserves within the limits of heavy loamy and clay varieties of arable soil subtypes is estimated. Arithmetic averages allow us to generalize the humus content in soils. So, in the series of sod-podzolic soils – light gray forest-gray forest – dark gray forest-podzolic chernozems – leached chernozems-typical soils in a layer of 0-30 cm on average contains 2,20; 2,58; 3,76; 4,76; 6,8; 7,6; 7,2 % humus. The observed patterns of humus accumulation in soils are also preserved in the distribution of its reserves – 85; 97; 140; 162; 233; 257; 240 tons per he-1. It is proposed to characterize the general population along the boundaries of typical values that fit into the 50% confidence interval to assess the overall range of spatial variability of humus indicators. The upper limit of the typicity will correspond to the greatest accumulation of humus with a combination of local features of soil formation factors and can serve as a guide for predicting carbon sequestration in the soils of this region. Accordingly, the carbon-sequestering potential of sod-podzolic soil and typical chernozem is-20 tons per he-1, light gray forest soil-22 tons per he-1, gray forest soil and leached chernozem-27 tons per he-1, the highest values in dark gray forest soil are more than 30 tons per he-1

scholarly journals Crop rotation yield depending on from the receptions of biologization

2021 ◽  
Vol 344 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
E. V. Seminchenko
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
Pure Steam

Among the methods of cultivation that increase the productivity of crops, a prominent role is assigned to crop rotation. In a properly constructed crop rotation, the efficiency of all agrotechnical methods aimed at improving the use of land increases, the biological needs of crops are satisfied, the rational use of technology is achieved, and the cost of production is reduced [1]. The soils are low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and high in potassium. The humus content is 1.2–2.0%, pH = 7–8. Studies have shown that green manure (sweet clover, oats, phacelia) have a positive effect on the balance of organic matter. The negative balance of organic matter is noted for pure steam. The stock of productive moisture in the 0–0.3 cm soil layer varied from 4.1 to 29.5 mm for winter wheat, 28.1–32.7 mm for chickpea and 28–35.3 mm for spring barley, depending on the weather conditions. conditions and methods of biologization. On average, over three years, the highest yield was in winter wheat for a busy fallow (phacelia) and amounted to 1.0 t/ha, which depended on weather conditions. A reliable correlation was revealed for the factors of yield-precipitation; temperature; batteries, etc.

scholarly journals Studying the agrochemical features of undisturbed soils on the territory of the Mokhovsky coal mine in the Kemerovo Region to assess their use in biological reclamation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-41
Author(s):  
Svetlana N. Vityaz ◽  
Marina A. Yakovchenko ◽  
Natalia A. Stenina ◽  
Anna S. Berezina ◽  
Anna A. Kosolapova
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Birch Tree ◽  
Undisturbed Soils ◽  
Agricultural Restoration

This paper describes the results of the study of the Mokhovsky coal mine undisturbed soils in different horizons of the soil profile. The study was conducted on the Sartakinskoe, Mokhovskoe and Karakanskoe fields. In each field the authors have determined the species composition of phytocenoses and soil types, and studied soil horizons and agrochemical characteristics (particle size and soil composition, humus content, hydrogen index, nutrient content, hydrolytic acidity, the amount of absorbed bases, absorption capacity, etc.). It has been established that the vegetation of the phytocenoses of the studied fields is represented by birch tree trunks with the inclusion of pine, sections of meadow and small fragments of steppe communities, where perennial herbaceous plants play a significant role, which is typical for temperate floras of the northern hemisphere. The results of the analysis of the structural and particle size distribution of the agrochemical characteristics of undisturbed soils in the Mokhovskoe, Sartakinskoe and Karakanskoe fields of the Mokhovsky coal mine indicate that these soils are of agronomic value, therefore it is recommended to remove and store the fertile layer from these sites with a view to their further use in biological reclamation to increase quality, productivity and environmental value of the restored lands in the Kemerovo Region. The fertile soil layer (PRP) and the potentially fertile soil layer (PRSP) from the Mokhovskoye field is recommended for forestry while the Sartakinskoe and Karakanskoe fields for agricultural restoration.

INDICATORS OF CHEMODESTRUCTIVE FRACTIONATION OF ORGANIC MATTER SOILS OF NATURAL AND ANTHROPOGENIC-TRANSFORMED LANDSCAPES OF THE SOUTH OF PRIMORYE

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Lyudmila N. Purtova
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
The South ◽  
Humus Formation ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Fresh Organic Matter ◽  
Technogenic Landscapes ◽  
Natural Landscapes

The differences in the qualitative composition of organic matter in the soils of natural and anthropogenically transformed landscapes in the south of Primorye were established by the method of chemodestructive fractionation (CDF). The lowest indices of the easily oxidizable part (EOP) in the organic matter are typical for soils of technogenic landscapes (embryozems) with very low humus content due to low reserves of aboveground phytomass and the supply of fresh organic matter of plant origin. Embryozems are characterized by a low supply of humus with nitrogen. Higher EOP values are characteristic of soils of natural landscapes (burozems) with average humus content. In burozems, oxidative and eluvial processes are balanced by humus formation. In the soils of agrogenic landscapes (agro-dark-humus podbeles, agro-dark-humus gley soils) with low humus content, the proportion of EOP decreased and, at the same time, the proportion of the hardly oxidized part in the composition of soil organic matter increased. Some increase in EOP was recorded in agro-dark-humus gley soils with rump crops, which is associated with the intensification of the transformation processes of organic matter and the transition of organic matter from the difficult-to-oxidize to the easily oxidized part. Based on the data obtained on the qualitative composition of organic matter, the CDF method implies that in the soils of natural landscapes (burozems), the proportion of EOP exceeded that in comparison with soils of agrogenic (agro-dark-humus podbely, agro-dark-humus gley) and technogenic landscapes (em-briozems). This indicates differences in the conditions of soil formation and the ongoing oxidative and humus-forming processes.

SOIL FERTILITY AND POTATO PRODUCTIVITY UNDER DIFFERENT COMPOSTING TECHNOLOGIES

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Soil Factors ◽  
Manure Compost ◽  
Content Ratio

The article presents the results of studies, describing the effect of various methods of peat-and-manure compost embedding on the fertility of sod-podzolic light loamy soil. When peat-and- manure compost is smothered with a longline plow PYa-3-35 at a depth of 25-27 cm compared to embedding with an ordi-nary plow by 20-22 cm and a heavy disc harrow by 15-17 cm, soil factors for growth and development of plants, edaphobiotics vital activity: acidity of soil solution, content of exchangeable potassium, mobile phosphorus and nitrate nitrogen, sum of the absorbed bases, base absorption capacity, humus content, ratio of humic acids to fulvic acids and carbon to nitrogen in humus. At the plot of a deep compost em-bedding in the 0-30-cm layer, the decomposition of linen cloth was more intense due to the participation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in this process. In the profile of 0-20 cm, under aerobic conditions, mineralization of linen cloth occurred more quickly under usual and disk embedding, but in the layer of 20-30 cm under deep processing with a lack of oxygen, a slowdown in decomposition of organic matter was established. In this layer, the disintegration of linen cloth was 1.5-2 times slower than in the rest of the compost, which contributed to a longer preservation of embedded organic matter. The presence of a sufficient amount of organic matter in the lower soil layer promoted the intensive reproduction of a larg-er macrofauna of soil - earthworms. On this plot, the number of earthworms in the lower layer was great-er compared not only with the control variant, but with other fertilized plots. Owing to the more active formation of humic substance in the soil with the sealing of the peat compost at 25-27 cm with a two-tier plow, the content of waterproof aggregates was much higher, thereby significantly reducing the density of its build-up during vegetation. The most optimal soil factors, provided by long-combined processing, al-lowed obtaining a higher productivity of potato tubers and with better indicators of their quality.

scholarly journals Estimation of the state of microbocenosis of the peach rhizosphere during the biologization of its cultivation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.N. Klimenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Experimental Site ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

Our research has shown that the use of biologization techniques for growing peaches positively affected the number of bacteria of the main ecological and trophic groups involved in the transformation of soil organic matter: ammonifying bacteria ‒ by 26-47 %; amylolytic bacteria – by 48-103 %; phosphate mobilizing bacteria – by 32-72 %; oligonitrophilic bacteria – by 24-49 %; oligotrophic bacteria – by 57-59 %; cellulolytic bacteria – by 25-39 % in the soil layer of 0-30 and 30-60 cm compared to the control, respectively. There was a decrease in the number of micromycetes, which, in our opinion, is associated with the antagonistic effect of microbial preparations. The use of biologization techniques did not significantly affect the oligotrophy index: its values remained at the control level and fluctuated between 0.6 and 0.8, depending on the experiment variant. The values of the pedotrophy index of the soil of the experimental site on both backgrounds of grassing did not differ and amounted to 1.1 when using Azotobacterin and 1.0 – when bacterizing with CMP. Increasing values of this index indicate the transition of the studied biocenosis to a stable state.

EFFECT OF IRRIGATION AND GRASSING TO CHANGE SOME OF THE BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MINING OF BROWN CALCAREOUS SOILS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32
Author(s):  
Ruzimurod B. Boimurodov ◽  
Zebinisso Q. Bobokhonova
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Humic Acids ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Humus Accumulation

In this article is showing, that the irrigation mountain brown carbonate soils prone methods of irrigation and grassing comes the rapid growth and development of natural vegetation, which leads to intensive humus accumulation. Humus content in the upper layer is increased by 0.98% and a significantly smaller severely eroded. Increasing the amount of humus promotes accumulation mainly humic acids, that conducts to expansion of relations the content of humic acid: The content of folic acid. When grassing of soil traced sharp increase in the number associated with the related and R2 O3 humic acid.

Microbial and biochemical changes induced by rotation and tillage in a soil under barley production

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Angers ◽  
N. Bissonnette ◽  
A. Légère ◽  
N. Samson
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Total Organic C

Crop rotations and tillage practices can modify not only the total amount of organic matter (OM) in soils but also its composition. The objective of this study was to determine the changes in total organic C, microbial biomass C (MBC), carbohydrates and alkaline phosphatase activity induced by 4 yr of different rotation and tillage combinations on a Kamouraska clay in La Pocatière, Quebec. Two rotations (continuous barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) versus a 2-yr barley–red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) rotation) and three tillage treatments (moldboard plowing (MP), chisel plowing (CP) and no-tillage (NT)) were compared in a split-plot design. Total organic C was affected by the tillage treatments but not by the rotations. In the top soil layer (0–7.5 cm), NT and CP treatments had C contents 20% higher than the MP treatment. In the same soil layer, MBC averaged 300 mg C kg−1 in the MP treatment and up to 600 mg C kg−1 in the NT soil. Hot-water-extractable and acid-hydrolyzable carbohydrates were on average 40% greater under reduced tillage than under MP. Both carbohydrate fractions were also slightly larger in the rotation than in the soil under continuous barley. The ratios of MBC and carbohydrate C to total organic C suggested that there was a significant enrichment of the OM in labile forms as tillage intensity was reduced. Alkaline phosphatase activity was 50% higher under NT and 20% higher under CP treatments than under MP treatment and, on average, 15% larger in the rotation than in the continuous barley treatment. Overall, the management-induced differences were slightly greater in the top layer (0–7.5 cm) than in the lower layer of the Ap horizon (7.5–15 cm). All the properties measured were highly correlated with one another. They also showed significant temporal variations that were, in most cases, independent of the treatments. Four years of conservation tillage and, to a lesser extent, rotation with red clover resulted in greater OM in the top soil layer compared with the more intensive systems. This organic matter was enriched in labile forms. Key words: Soil management, soil quality, organic matter, carbohydrates, microbial biomass, phosphatase

Selection of drought-resistant crops for South Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
V. V. Gamayunova ◽  
L. H. Khonenko ◽  
M. I. Fedorchuk ◽  
O. A. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Drought Resistant

The cultivation expediency of more drought-resistant crops, in particular sorghum, millet, false flax, safflower and others, instead of sunflower in the area of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine is substantiated. This is, first of all, required by climate change both in Ukraine and in the world. Since 2004, researches of field crops were carried out in the conditions of the Educational and Scientific Practical Center of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University. Soil phase is the southern chernozem with humus content in the 0–30 cm soil layer which consist of 2.96–3.21 %, with medium and high level of availability of mobile phosphorus and potassium and low – mobile nitrogen. Experiments with soriz (Oksamyt hybrid) were conducted during 2004–2006, millet (Tavriiske, Kostantynivske, Skhidnevarieties) in 2008–2010, grain sorghum (Stepovyi 5 hybrid) in 2014–2016, safflower dye (Lahidnyi variety) in 2017–2019. The years of research differed significantly in temperature and even more in the amount of precipitation before sowing and during the growing season of crops. However, the weather conditions were typical of the Southern Steppe zone of Ukraine. It is established that all studied drought-resistant crops respond positively to nutrition optimization – the level of yield and quality of grain or seeds increases. It was found that the soriz productivity depending on the application of fertilizers and sowing dates increased by 37.6–39.2 %, millet –by 33.3–41.6 %, grain sorghum depending on the background of nutrition and growing conditions – by 8.2–33.2 %, dye safflower – by 11.1–64.6 %. It was determined that the optimization of nutrition of cultivated crops allows to increase their resistance to adverse conditions and productivity in the case of application of low doses of the mineral fertilizers before sowing, pre-sowing treatment of seeds, and growth-regulating chemical application of plants on the main stages of the growing season. Key words: drought-resistant plants, climatic conditions, nutrition optimization, yield, crop quality, varieties, sowing dates.

Mineralization of organic matter and the carbon sequestration capacity of zonal soils

2008 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 717-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Semenov ◽  
L. A. Ivannikova ◽  
T. V. Kuznetsova ◽  
N. A. Semenova ◽  
A. S. Tulina
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Mineralization Of Organic Matter ◽  
Zonal Soils
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