scholarly journals Biological activity in the forest floor of artificial forests in the steppe zone

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
Ye. I. Maltsev
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Special Role

A special role in the biological cycle in forest biogeocoenoses plays forest floor, which connects the abiotic and biotic components in an integral system, affects the genesis of forest soils and productivity of forest plantations. The most informative indicators of biological activity of the soil and the forest floor are the activity of enzymes, the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions, the number and qualitative composition of the main groups of microorganisms. Particular specificity of these indicators acquire in artificial forest plantations in the steppe zone, due to the geographical, ecological and often a mismatch in habitat conditions for forest. The aim of this work was to study the biological activity of the forest floor in artificial forest plantations in the steppe zone of Ukraine (on the example of Staro-Berdyansk forest). Staro-Berdyansk forest (Zaporizhia region, Ukraine), founded in 1846 on the left bank of the Molochnaya river. Studies of the biological activity the forest floor carried out on stationary plots in stands of Quercus robur L., Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Pinus pallasiana D. Don during 2013 year seasonally. Analysis of the data series using correlation method showed that the increase in the forest floor the magnitude of algae, micromycete and oligotrophic microorganisms is accompanied by an increase in catalase activity (correlation coefficients: 0,80; 0,91; 0,95), at the same time micromycete and oligotrophs positively associated with thermolabile component of catalase activity (correlation coefficients: 0,75; 0,95). In periods of reduction of catalase activity increases the number of actinomycetes (r = -0,67). Polyphenol oxidase activity is positively correlated with the magnitude of micromycete in the forest floor (r = +0,68) and negatively with the population of actinomycetes (r = -0,86) and bacteria, that use mineral nitrogen compounds (r = -0,69). In periods of activation of phosphatase the magnitude of algae and micromycete decreases (r = -0,92 and r = -0,80; respectively) and cellulolytic microorganisms increases (r = +0,75). Integral indicator of biological activity of the forest floor is the amount of carbon dioxide emitted, indicating the intensity of the processes of transformation of organic matter. The greatest intensity of carbon dioxide emissions recorded in autumn samples of locust bean and pine plantations. The oak stands a high level of carbon dioxide emissions occur in summer and autumn. The magnitude of microorganisms and algae, enzyme activity and the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions in the forest floor changed by seasonal, which corresponds to the dynamics of the overall progress of biological processes occurring in the forest floor. On the biological activity of the forest floor is significantly affected by the composition of plant residues, which generally corresponds to the views of various researchers who have noted a correlation of enzyme activity in the soil with the magnitude of microorganisms, as well as biochemical and chemical composition of forest floor and the stages of its destruction.

scholarly journals Application of the Denitrification-Decomposition Model to Predict Carbon Dioxide Emissions under Alternative Straw Retention Methods

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Can Chen ◽  
Deli Chen ◽  
Jianjun Pan ◽  
Shu Kee Lam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dndc Model ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Straw Retention ◽  
Straw Incorporation

Straw retention has been shown to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from agricultural soils. But it remains a big challenge for models to effectively predict CO2emission fluxes under different straw retention methods. We used maize season data in the Griffith region, Australia, to test whether the denitrification-decomposition (DNDC) model could simulate annual CO2emission. We also identified driving factors of CO2emission by correlation analysis and path analysis. We show that the DNDC model was able to simulate CO2emission under alternative straw retention scenarios. The correlation coefficients between simulated and observed daily values for treatments of straw burn and straw incorporation were 0.74 and 0.82, respectively, in the straw retention period and 0.72 and 0.83, respectively, in the crop growth period. The results also show that simulated values of annual CO2emission for straw burn and straw incorporation were 3.45 t C ha−1 y−1and 2.13 t C ha−1 y−1, respectively. In addition the DNDC model was found to be more suitable in simulating CO2mission fluxes under straw incorporation. Finally the standard multiple regression describing the relationship between CO2emissions and factors found that soil mean temperature (SMT), daily mean temperature (Tmean), and water-filled pore space (WFPS) were significant.

Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Cropland Production in the United States, 1990-2004

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Nelson, ◽  
C.H. Hellwinckel, ◽  
C.C. Brandt, ◽  
T.O. West, ◽  
D.G. De La Torre Ugarte, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
The United States

The Scenario Analysis of Carbon Emissions Based on Improved IPAT Model in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1484-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Shan ◽  
Hua Wang Shao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Policy Scenario ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Energy Environment ◽  
Development Goals

The coordination development of economy-energy-environment was discussed with traditional environmental loads model, combined with "decoupling" theory. Considering the possibilities of social and economic development, this paper set out three scenarios, and analyzed quantitatively the indexes, which affected carbon dioxide emissions, including population, per capita GDP, industrial structure and energy structure. Based on this, it forecasted carbon dioxide emissions in China in future. By comparing the prediction results, it held that policy scenario was the more realistic scenario, what’s more it can achieve emission reduction targets with the premise of meeting the social and economic development goals. At last, it put forward suggestions to implement successfully policy scenario, from energy structure, industrial structure, low-carbon technology and so on.

scholarly journals The Problem of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Closed Coal Mine Shafts – The Overview and the Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-600
Author(s):  
Paweł Wrona ◽  
Józef Sułkowski ◽  
Zenon Różański ◽  
Grzegorz Pach
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Emission Point ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Gas Hazard ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Reporting Procedures

Abstract Greenhouse gas emissions are a common problem noticed in every mining area just after mine closures. However, there could be a significant local gas hazard for people with continuous (but variable) emission of these gases into the atmosphere. In the Upper Silesia area, there are 24 shafts left for water pumping purposes and gases can flow through them hydraulically. One of them – Gliwice II shaft – was selected for inspection. Carbon dioxide emission with no methane was detected here. Changes in emission and concentration of carbon dioxide around the shaft was the aim of research carried out. It was stated that a selected shaft can create two kinds of gas problems. The first relates to CO2 emission into the atmosphere. Possible emission of that gas during one minute was estimated at 5,11 kg CO2/min. The second problem refers to the local hazard at the surface. The emission was detected within a radius of 8m from the emission point at the level 1m above the ground. These kinds of matters should be subject to regular gas monitoring and reporting procedures.

scholarly journals From sugars to FDCA: a techno-economic assessment using a design concept based on solvent selection and carbon dioxide emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Al Ghatta ◽  
James D. E. T. Wilton-Ely ◽  
Jason P. Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Design Concept ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Solvent Selection ◽  
Current Process ◽  
Process Simulations ◽  
Solvent Systems

Process simulations allow the evaluation of the emissions and selling price for the production of the key monomer FDCA based on different feedstocks and solvent systems, alongside considerations of safety and current process development.

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