scholarly journals Atmospheric precipitation on the soils of Belarusian Polesye

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
M. K. Chartko ◽  
A. A. Karpichenka
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Radioactive Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
North East ◽  
State Radiation

The article considers the influence of atmospheric precipitation in the form of dust and dry residue with rain and snow in the formation of technogenic situations in the soils of the Belarusian Polesye. Anthropogenic impact on the soil is formed as a result of entering into the soil of technogenesis product, is made up of atmospheric precipitation in the form of dust and rain, as well as key components of chemical reclamation (Ca, Mg, K, N, P) of soil. Based on field research and data of the Hydrometeorological Service of Belarus there was generalized the information and disclosed the regularities of dust deposition and mineral residue precipitation in Belarusian Polesye. Mapping the anthropogenic impact on the soil was performed using software packages ESRI ArcView and ESRI ArcGIS. It is set a noticeable spatial heterogeneity in the level of anthropogenic impact on the soil of the Belarusian Polesye, ranging from 6,3 t/ha per year in the district of Gantsevichi to 17,6 t/ha in Malorita district, Brest region. There is a general tendency of increasing of the given parameter in the direction from north-east to south-west of Polesye. The level of anthropogenic impact is largely dependent on natural (soil properties and structure of the soil) and economic (level of development and specialization of industry and agriculture) factors. The lowest value of the anthropogenic impact (less than 7,5 t/ha per year) is characteristic for areas with underdeveloped industry and a high proportion of drained peat soils: Gantsevichi, Oktyabrsky, Narovlya and Zhitkovichi. For the western part of the Belarusian Polesye (Malorita, Stolin, Ivanovo, Berezovsky, Drogichin areas) other than large areas of sandy soils, characterized by increased loads on agropochvy (12,1 or more t/ha per year), the largest contribution falls on the organic fertilizers. Technogenic situation in the soils was estimated based on the amount of annual agrotechnogenic load on the soil, air emissions from stationary sources and the level of radioactive contamination, formed as a result of the Chernobyl accident. As a result, we allocated favorable, satisfactory, conflict, tension, and critical situation. Favorable technogenic situation is typical for soils under forests and within specially protected areas (national parks and nature reserves) with anthropogenic load of less than 1 t/ha, not contaminated and distant from industrial centers. Such conditions correspond to 15 % of the Belarusian Polesye near major rivers and their tributaries in the region (the area between the Dnieper and the Sozh, the middle flow for the Pripyat and its tributaries Sluch, Yaselda, Ubort). A satisfactory situation has developed for 28,5 % of the territory, mainly within the northern part of the Pripyat Polesye due to a moderate level of anthropogenic pressure, in part – in the border of forest and wetland areas due to contamination with radionuclides. The conflict situation is typical for the northern part of Brest and Mozyr Polesye, on the right bank of the Dnieper and Berezina rivers, as well as in the area between Pina and Goryn rivers (27,7 %). In the southern part of the Brest Polesye, as well as in the countryside and along the Goryn river valley there is a tense situation (22,2 %), due to high anthropogenic pressure and intensive agricultural activities, in the latter case – also complicated by radioactive contamination. Critical man-made situation (7 %), which is observed in the south-east of Polesye, is due to high levels of radioactive contamination within the Polesye State Radiation Ecological Reserve and adjacent areas, despite the relatively low levels of air and agrotechnogenic pollution.

scholarly journals Assessment of anthropogenic load and ecosystem stability in the land cadastre zoning of megacities

2020 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 06015
Author(s):  
Stanislav Dubrova ◽  
Pavel Zelenkovskiy ◽  
Sergey Lebedev ◽  
Ivan Podlipskiy ◽  
Elena Chernova
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Ecosystem Stability ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
Recreational Use

With the increasing number of megacities, the constant expansion of their borders, and the often chaotic, unreasonable land-use planning, even those sites with potential recreational use suffer from enormous anthropogenic pressure. Defining the limits of ecosystem stability is one of the most important scientific research, which allows setting permissible anthropogenic impact in the land cadastre zoning of megacities. This investigation presents the integral assessment of net anthropogenic load on the environment and boundaries of the natural soil geochemical background change.

scholarly journals AQUATIC/SEMI-AQUATIC MACROPHYTES USED IN HERBAL REMEDIES FROM THE WETLANDS OF WESTERN ASSAM, NORTH-EAST INDIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
UPEN DEKA ◽  
TAPAN DUTTA ◽  
SANJAY TALUKDAR
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Rural People ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Trapa Natans ◽  
Stomach Pain ◽  
Euryale Ferox

Objective: The aim of present investigation has been carried out for the documentation of ethnomedicinally important aquatic/semi-aquatic plants used by the rural people living in the vicinity of two major wetlands, i.e., Deepor Beel and Chandubi Beel of Western Assam, India. Methods: Intensive field surveys were conducted with the local traditional healers to gather information on medicinal plants used by them in treatment of various ailments. Results: Altogether 31 medicinal plant species belonging to 25 genera and 14 families have been documented from both the wetlands. Of 31 plant species, nine species were found to be used in skin disease, six in jaundice and liver problem, four species each in fever and urinary tract, two species in dysentery and snakebite, and remaining are found to be used in cough, stomach pain, wounds and cuts, neuralgia, toothache, tonsillitis, blood pressure, and smallpox. Conclusion: Unfortunately, the population of ethnomedicinally used macrophytes Nelumbo nucifera, Euryale ferox, and Trapa natans which are rare in these two wetlands are decreasing alarmingly due to commercial exploitation, natural as well as excessive anthropogenic pressure in these two wetlands.

scholarly journals Uganda's National Parks

Oryx ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 316-318
Author(s):  
C. R. S. Pitman
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Preventive Effort ◽  
South West ◽  
The World ◽  
Wild Life

The Uganda Government has long been subject to much adverse criticism for its apparent reluctance to fulfil its share of the obligations towards wild life which were agreed upon by Great Britain in 1933, at the international conference held in London for the better protection of the African fauna. The world however was then in the throes of a disastrous financial depression, from which recovery was slow, and it was scarcely the time for the small Uganda Protectorate, with its limited resources, to embark on a costly scheme for creating national parks. Moreover, ever since the proclamation of the Protectorate in 1894 Uganda has suffered more severely from rinderpest, that terrible scourge of cattle, than any other British territory in Africa. The direct loss in livestock has been appalling, but the indirect loss, which can be assessed as the measure of the preventive effort on the part of the Veterinary Department, has been positively staggering. Rinderpest has for long been endemic in the regions of Ethiopia to the north-east and never a year has passed without the dread disease appearing on Uganda's northern and eastern frontiers. The wild ungulates introduced, harboured and transmitted the disease—the cattle could be controlled, not so the wild animals except possibly by the repugnant method of destruction. Outside the limits of Uganda few have realized the grim and costly struggle which continued relentlessly year by year, and still fewer have ever appreciated that little Uganda with its gallant band of veterinary workers has again and again staved off disaster from reaching the territories lying to the south and south-west. Rinderpest was no respecter of game reserves in which the disease-stricken ungulates suffered as heavily as anywhere else and therefore there were economic factors of considerable gravity involved in the question of alienation of relatively large areas as national parks. It seemed preferable and wiser to endeavour to free Uganda from the ravages of rinderpest, before setting aside as national parks areas which could function as reservoirs of the disease.

scholarly journals Morphological variability of Bembidion aspericolle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) populations in conditions of anthropogenic impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
V. O. Komlyk ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Angular Characteristic ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
The Impact

Bembidion (Talanes) aspericolle (Germar, 1829) is a Western Palearctic species which lives on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas and saline inland habitats from Central Europe to Central Asia. Anthropogenic impact is one of the most important environmental factors affecting the morphological variability of ground beetles. The objective of our research is assessment of the morphological variability of this species in three ecosystems differing by intensity of anthropogenic impact. 13 linear characteristics, one angular characteristic, density of pores on the prothorax and elytra, contrast of spots on the beetles’ elytra were measured, and 6 morphometric indices were calculated. The mean value of body length in females is more than in males in the studied populations. In the ecosystem with high anthropogenic pressure, female body length is shorter by 3.7% and elytra length is shorter by 6.0% than in females in the ecosystem with low anthropogenic impact. Differences between populations in the body length of males are not significant. In the ecosystem with high anthropogenic transformation, sexual dimorphism is observed only on head and prothorax width. The ratio of maximum width of elytra to maximum prothorax width decreases significantly with increasing anthropogenic load. The impact of anthropogenic factors on the ecosystem produces significant changes in elytra length and head width of B. aspericolle and in four of the six morphometric indices. It is reasonable to use these morphometric characteristics of B. aspericolle adults in bioindication. The complex of anthropogenic factors does not have a significant impact on the value of anterior and posterior angles of prothorax, density of prothorax and elytra puncturing and contrast of the light spots at the top of the elytra. The sex of the specimen influences all linear characteristics. The absence of significant differences in morphometric indices between males and females shows that the body proportions of the beetles remain unchanged and only linear dimensions vary. Research on the morphological variability of B. aspericolle is important for understanding microevolutionary processes in populations of beetles under anthropogenically induced changes in the environment.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of the Effect of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on a Semi-Natural Grassland in Vlăhiţa, Harghita Mountains, Romania

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Katalin Molnár ◽  
Imre-István Nyárádi ◽  
Béla Bíró-Janka ◽  
István Simó ◽  
János Bálint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Qualitative Structure ◽  
Natural Grassland

AbstractThe aim of the research was to examine the effect of different fertilizers on the floristic composition and biomass yield of the semi-natural grassland used as hayfield near Vlăhița locality (Harghita County, Romania) in order to improve its management. In the same time the qualitative structure of the studied grassland was evaluated after the first application of the fertilizers. The vegetation survey was made before mowing, and a total of 84 plant taxa were identified. The studied plant community belongs to the association Festuco-Agrostetum capillaris Horv. 1951. From the 31 fodder species, 13 had very good or good nutritional value. The qualitative structure analysis indicates that the vegetation has developed under moderate anthropogenic pressure. Beside the Euro-Asian elements the Circumpolar and the Cosmopolite elements were well represented. Many species with high tolerance for temperature, soil pH, and soil mineral nitrogen content were registered. After the first application of fertilizers in all treated plots the biodiversity increased compared to the control plot. Fertilized plots also had a significantly higher biomass yield than the control plot. All fertilizers reduced the proportion of the species with good nutritional value from the Poaceae family. Organic fertilizer affected positively the proportion of other plant families than Poaceae and Fabaceae. Long-term experiments are necessary to evaluate the response of the vegetation on treatment with organic fertilizer in order to optimize productivity of the hayfield and sustain species richness.

scholarly journals Assessment of anthropogenic pressure on the environment in Rostov region

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Alexander Khavanskiy ◽  
Vladimir Latun ◽  
Yuliya Merinova ◽  
Anastasiya Ivanchenko ◽  
Ludmila Nedoseka
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Natural Resource Use ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Pressure Indicators ◽  
State Of The Environment ◽  
Official Data

Improvement of the methodology for determining the anthropogenic pressure on the region's environment, assessment of individual components and the total anthropogenic pressure, analysis of its formation and distribution in Rostov region. The main factors of anthropogenic impact on the environment are divided into four groups and presented in the form of demographic, industrial, agricultural and transport pressure, which, when summed up, give the total anthropogenic pressure. When determining certain types of anthropogenic pressure in the calculations, materials of statistical yearbooks and official data of regional reports on the state of the environment were used. For each type of anthropogenic pressure, indicators of anthropogenic impact and their numerical values were determined. The total anthropogenic pressure was determined by the sum of points. The features of the formation of anthropogenic pressure in Rostov region have been established. In cities with an industrial type of nature management, an increased and average anthropogenic pressure prevails. In rural areas of suburban urbanized zones and the development of mineral raw materials with an agrarian-industrial type of natural resource use, maximum indicators of environmental impact for agrarian areas, increased and average values of industrial, demographic and agricultural pressure have been established. Rural areas with an agrarian type, remote from industrial centers, are characterized by an increased agricultural pressure, lower and low values of the total pressure.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL BIO-INDEX CHANGES IN RURAL AREAS IN SOUTHERN POLAND – CASE STUDY

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara PRUS ◽  
Stanisław BACIOR ◽  
Małgorzata DUDZIŃSKA
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Use Categories

Intensity of land use could be considered as an indicator of rate of anthropogenic impact on landscape (CAI) and the coefficient of ecological stability (CES). These two bio-indexes are based on the land use categories. The CAI coefficient is the ratio of the sum of percentile areas of land characterized by considerable human impact in relation to the sum of percentile areas of lands with low or none anthropogenic pressure. The CES index describes the structure of land use in one unit according to land use categories weighted by given coefficients. The calculation of the complex integral index enables to know the potential of the environment, i.e. a natural resource reserve with a structure that allows self-regulation of ecosystems and expresses the environment's resistance to bearing anthropogenic loads. The aim of the study is to analyze the historical land use changes (in the period of 1845-2016) in rural areas of Southern Poland using bio-indexes such as the anthropogenic impact on landscape (CAI) and the coefficient of ecological stability (CES). The analysis led to the conclusion about the strong dynamics of changes during this period which is largely due to the growth of the percentile areas of lands with considerable human impact especially after the historical transformation in 1989 in Poland. At the same time, the attention should be paid to the land use changes as an effect of growing suburbanization. The results of the study can be used by public authorities, citizens and governing bodies to form a system of measures to calculate environmental potential and modelling changes which ensure the environmental protection and sustainable development of rural areas.

CHRONOLOGY OF CONTEMPORARY SEDIMENTATION AND POLLUTANTS ACCUMULATION IN THE BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE SEA OF AZOV

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Kuznetsov ◽  
Andrey Kuznetsov ◽  
Yury Fedorov ◽  
Yury Fedorov ◽  
Paul Fattal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Sediment Layer ◽  
Sea Of Azov ◽  
The Sea Of Azov ◽  
Don River

Bottom sediments formed in the water bodies under the technogenic impact are important environmental factors affecting water quality and hydrobiota. Usually they consist of natural and technogenic material and differ from natural formations by their morphology, chemical and lithological composition, physicochemical and biochemical properties. In the present paper we use the term “sediment layer of anthropogenic impact” to define the sediment layer containing technogenic material and/or chemical pollutants. The determination of its location in the sediment cores, its thickness and accumulation chronology is an important scientific problem. In the paper the results of layer by layer study of Cs-137, Am-241, Pb-210 specific activities as well as concentrations of petroleum components, lead and mercury in 48 sediment cores of the Sea of Azov and the Don River are examined. The sediment core layers are dated by radiological methods. In all the sediment cores the peak of Cs-137 specific activity related to the Chernobyl accident was detected. In the Sea of Azov, this peak is located in the upper sediment layer up to 10 cm thick, however, in the delta and in the near-delta part of the Don River, where the sedimentation rates are more important, it is found at 20 to 40 cm depth. Also in certain sediment cores the second peak of Cs-137 related to the global nuclear fallout of the 1960s was found. The most of petroleum components, lead and mercury quantities are concentrated in the upper sediment layer formed in the last 50 to 70 years, i.e. in the period of the most important anthropogenic pressure. So, this complex approach based on the data on the vertical distribution of technogenic radionuclides and common pollutants in the sediment cores made it possible to identify and delineate the sediment layer of high anthropogenic impact as well as to assess the duration of this impact.

scholarly journals Freshwater microbial taxa as indicators of anthropogenic impact on the freshwater lakes of Buryatia

2021 ◽  
Vol 908 (1) ◽  
pp. 012003
Author(s):  
S V Zaitseva ◽  
O P Dagurova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Freshwater Lakes ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Water Quality Deterioration

Abstract Three large freshwater lakes located in the Baikal region (Gusinoye, Shchuchye, and Kotokel) with high touristic significance were studied. Increased anthropogenic pressure is one of the most important causes of water quality deterioration (in particular, high solute and nutrient loads, high productivity). The structural features of microbial communities associated with an increased anthropogenic load have been revealed in different environmental gradients. It was shown that the genera Rhodobacter, Polynucleobacter, and Luteolibacter preferred environments with a higher trophic level and are indicators of possible anthropogenic impact.

SOILS OF SMALL ARCHAEOLOGICAL SETTLEMENTS IN THE STEPPE ZONE AS A RESULT OF BRONZE AGE ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila Plekhanova
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
History Of

"The contemporary direction of natural pedogenesis/soil science is ancient anthropogenic impact and climate fluctuations changes. A large number of settlements in the river valleys are unique objects with a long history of development and modern soil cover formation. We studied the soil between the dwellings for a small settlement Zarya of the Bronze Age. The settlement was part of the economic zone of cattle breeding (horses and cows and sheep) of the large early Bronze Age fortified city Sarym-Sakla, one of the country's Proto-Iranian Cities of the Trans-Ural Plateau. The activity of ancient societies changed the terrestrial ecosystem functioning at macro and microscales. Increased heterogeneity of microrelief forms led to the diversity of soil cover. We found the unusual soil types on microelevations and microdepressions. The enrichment of the cultural layer with phosphorus compounds was revealed, and the hypothesis of the formation of a ""reverse"" ratio of chernozems-solonetzes of the soil cover of the low above-floodplain terrace as a consequence of several stages of ancient anthropogenic pressure and climatic aridization was confirmed in this area. We focused on the determination of organic carbon content, magnetic susceptibility, salt composition, cation exchange capacity, and the distribution of mobile phosphates along the soil profile as possible indicators of ancient anthropogenic influence. The degree of soil properties changes during the anthropogenic impact is commensurate with their transformation in the natural evolution of centuries and even several millennia. Past anthropogenic changes leave a mark in the history of the development of the soil cover predetermining the modern danger of the degradation phenomena. Moreover, we draw parallels in the history of ecosystems formation and outlined tasks for further research."

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