scholarly journals Soil algae in urban ecosystems of the city of Mariupol

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
O. G. Shekhovtseva
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
Soil Algae ◽  
Benchmark Analysis ◽  
Algal Groups ◽  
The City

In the present time, a special attention is paid, worldwide, to the investigation of the biodiversity in ecosystems, as a important characteristic of the ecological investigations. The processes of urbanization of natural landscapes have caused some changes of biological factor of the soil formation and also of the formation of artificial ecological systems. The algae are an indispensable part of ecosystems, performing an important regulatory function in them. So aim of the research was to determine the systematic, environmental features, species composition of algae communities of soil in the city Mariupol (Donetsk region). Structural features of algae soil in habitats with various character of action of factors of urbanized environment are subjected to benchmark analysis. Results of use algal groups for monitoring soils of urbanized ecosystem are described. Problems of algae participation in maintenance of surface ecosystems stability under anthropogenic pressure on the environment have been discussed. Species composition and indication properties of soil algae as biological pollution indicators of the protected of the urbanized soils have been studied. The results of researches of various soil algal flora of arboreal plantations and lawns of the Mariupol industrial city are resulted. Conclusions about the influence of various kinds of anthropogenic effect upon of species diversity algae are given. Specific lines of algal groups of arboreal plantations and lawns of urban ecosystems are shown. The variety of the soil algae species has been investigated. Systematic structure at the level of orders, families, genera correlation of algae soil, life-forms are considered. The green and blue-green algae were found to be prevail, it was proved that they are the basis of dominate species complex. The greatest quantity of kinds of seaweed is allocated in zonal soils. The leading position in all investigated groups take representatives of Chlorophyta, except of the steppe phytocenoses, where the most various is the section of Cyanophyta. The increasing of species diversity of Xanthophyta is observed in the soils of background parts of man-planted forest phytocenoses. They are traditionally considered to be the index of purity of soil. Low species diversity of algoflora is a peculiarity of the city soils. Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta prevail, one-cell Xanthophyta are poor developed. A checklist of soil algal flora of the city of Mariupol is includes 78 species from five divisions: Chlorophyta – 32 (41,0 %), Cyanophyta – 25 (32,1 %), Xanthophyta – 9 (11,5 %), Bacillariophyta – 8 (10,3 %), Eustigmatophyta – 4 (5,1 %). Structural features of algae soil in habitats with various character of action of factors of urbanized environment are subjected to benchmark analysis. Including arboreal plantations 68 species: Chlorophyta – 27 (39,7 %), Cyanophyta – 20 (29,4 %), Xanthophyta – 12 (17,7 %), Bacillariophyta – 6 (8,8 %), Eustigmatophyta – 3 (4,4 %); in lawns 49 species – 23 (46,9 %), – 13 (26,5 %), – 4 (8,2 %), – 7 (14,3 %), – 2 (4,1 %) accordingly. On results researches of quantity of algal flora of urbanized soils the change of quantity is marked on the whole toward a decline. Abundance and biomass of soil algae of different in various ecosystems are given. Fluctuation ranges in biomass of algae of arboreal plantations and lawns have been registered. The species composition, ecological structure algae of arboreal plantations and lawns was analyzed. Ecological structure of algal communities of arboreal plantations and lawns: Ch16Р15С12X8H6B5M2CF2ampf2 (68) and Ch15P10В6С6Н5Х3М1NF1CF1amph1 (49) accordingly. Among the algae life forms Ch-, P-, X- and C-forms are domination (58 %).

scholarly journals Thrips (Thysanoptera, Insecta) of the Asteraceae family plants occurring in areas with different levels of anthropopressure in Lublin (Eastern Poland) / Wciornastki (Thysanoptera, Insecta) zebrane z miejsc o różnym stopniu antropopresji w Lublinie na roślinach z rodziny Asteraceae

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Czepiel-Mil ◽  
Danuta Kowalczyk-Pecka
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
The City ◽  
Asteraceae Family ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Different Parts

Abstract In the years 2001-2003, a study on thrips (Thysanoptera) was conducted in Lublin (south-eastern Poland). The aim of the research was to determine the species composition of the insects on selected plants from the Asteraceae family collected at sights of varying anthropopressures in Lublin. Fifteen designated sites, classified as semi-natural and anthropogenic, were located in different parts of the city. As a result of the study, the occurrence of 36 thrips species was recorded. The species dominating in the whole material were: Thrips physapus, Thrips trehernei, Thrips validus and Frankliniella intonsa. The greatest thrips species variety was characteristic of the following plant species: Hieracium umbellatum, Matricaria perforata, Taraxacum officinale, Erigeron strigosus. The research conducted shows that urban environment is quite rich in terms of thrips species diversity. The number of species caught indicates their tolerance to moderately adverse conditions in the city. The most important factor affecting the number of collected species is plant diversity. The sites of different levels of athropopressure varied both in their species composition and in the number of thrips found.

The faunistic structure of beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) in herpetobios of urbocenosis of Kharkiv city (Ukraine)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Komaromi ◽  
N. Yu. Nikolenko ◽  
A. V. Puchkov
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Forest Park ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Random Components ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

A total of 320 species from 42 families were registered in the herpetobios (stratobiont and epigeobiont beetles) of the urbocenosis of Kharkiv. Among these more than 160 species are recorded for the first time for this metropolis. Four species of ground beetles (Notiophilus germinyi Fauvel, Clivina fossor L., Laemostenus terricola Herbst and Masoreus wetterhali Gyll.) were not listed for Ukraine in the Catalogue of Palearctic Coleoptera. The species Omosita japonica Reitter, 1874 (Nitidulidae) is new for Ukranian fauna. Moreover, 93 species from 17 families are the dominant species (at least in one of the urban ecosystems). Among these, eudominants are represented with almost 20 species, but the number of eudomonants did not exceed ten species in separate urban cenoses. Carabidae (80), Staphylinidae (36), Curculionidae (32) and Tenebrionidae (8 species) dominate both, in species composition and abundance. The total part of these groups reached at least 90% of Coleoptera, recorded in urban-cenosis. Separate species of Silphidae, Dermestidae, Elateridae, Chrysomelidae, Leiodidae, Coccinellidae, Nitidulidae, Scarabaeidae, Histeridae and Lucanidae were sporadically usual in most plots. They accounted almost 9% of the total quantity of all beetles in transformed cenoses. Among these, a greater number of species are found within the families of Scarabaeidae (33), Chrysomelidae (16), Elateridae (14), Histeridae (12), Coccinellidae (11) and Nitidulidae (11), Silphidae (6) and Dermestidae (6). The rest of the families are represented with 1–4 species. All beetles registered in herpetobios belong to three groups. Typical inhabitants of herpetobios prevailed (about 200 species from 22 families, at least 90% of all Coleoptera). The proportion of species sporadically associated with herpetobios (more than 40 species from 10 families) was about 5% of all beetles. Random components of herpetobios are represented by more than 70 species from 10 families, and their total share did not exceed 3% of all Coleoptera. A preliminary taxonomic review of coleopterofauna was carried out in different urbocenoses. The number of species in urbocenosises ranged from 101 (Forest Park) to 124 (urban parks). In other green plantings of the city, the species diversity reached 105–118 species. The number of dominant beetles in different areas ranged from 37 to 60 species.

scholarly journals Use of soil biota in the assessment of the ecological potential of urban soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. I. Maltsev ◽  
I. A. Maltseva ◽  
A. N. Solonenko ◽  
A. G. Bren
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Biota ◽  
The Other ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
The City

In assessing the ecological conditions and classification of urban soils, data about soil biota should be taken into account. The environment of urban territories is characterized by significant changes compared to their surrounding environments. It is established that the algal flora of urban soils lose their zonal features and features associated with the edification influence of higher plants. Specific biotopes with a definite species structure are formed in urboecosystems. Fifty 50 algae species have been recorded in the soils of the Henichesk urboecosystems (Kherson region, Ukraine): Cyanoprocaryota – 21, Chlorophyta – 13, Charophyta – 2, Eustigmatophyta – 1, Xanthophyta – 11, Bacillariophyta – 2. Among dominant and subdominant species were Cyanoprocaryota and Chlorophyta. The other phyla were represented by Klebsormidium dissectum, K. flaccidum, Hantzschia amphioxys, Eustigmatos magnus, Botrydiopsis eriensis. Compared with the surrounding environment, the urbanized flora of Henichesk has a low species richness, and is characterized by prevalence of Cyanoprocaryota and Chlorophyta species. The coefficient that takes into account the percentage of preservation of species richness in a particular urban area compared to the background indicators of species richness can be used to evaluate the urban transformation of soil biota. The degree of degradatory changes in the composition of living organisms and the direction of these changes depends on the specificity and intensity of exploitation of the territory of the urban ecosystem. The most diverse composition of algae species within the the city of Henichesk was noted in the recreational, residential, and transport zones, in comparison with the industrial zone and the zone of special use. Different functional areas of the city are distinguished not only by the algae species richness, but also by the composition of dominants. Among the dominants and subdominants of the recreational and transport zones were species of different phyla. The dominants and subdominants of the residential and industrial zones were Cyanoprocaryota species, in the zone of special use – representatives of Chlorophyta. The distribution of species richness of algae along the soil profile in the city acquires an atypical character. The species richness increases not in the most superficial layers of soil, but in the lower, aphotic parts of the soil profile. The soil biota, on the one hand, depends on the ecological conditions of soil, and on the other as a result of its life activity, changes the ecological functions of the soil, strengthening or weakening them. The reduction in the species richness of the soil algae of the urboecosystem Henichesk shows the limitations of ecological functions of urban soils. It is established that changes in the composition of algae in soils of urban ecosystems are one of the indicators of the presence and severity of transformation processes. These processes occur with the soil biota and soil as a whole under the conditions of urban ecosystems and can be used as indicators in the environmental assessment of urban soils, in the development and subsequent examination of ways to reduce negative expression of urbanization.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Phytosociological Diversity of Kuther Watershed, Himachal Pradesh, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peeyush Gupta ◽  
Swati Uniyal ◽  
Swati Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Developmental Status

A plant community acquires many characteristics which are not found in its constituents, (organisms or population). A community is described through species diversity, life forms, structure, dominance and developmental status. To delineate these aspects two significant parameters like analytical characters (quantitative - frequency, density, abundance and cover; qualitative - physiognomy, phenology, sociability, vitality and life form) and synthetic characters (constancy, fidelity and dominance) were studied. The present study focuses on species composition, phytosociological diversity and concentration of dominance of various tree species of Kuther watershed of Himachal Pradesh, India.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i4.11732  International Journal of Environment Volume-3, Issue-4, Sep-Nov 2014Page:  74-90 

PRODUCTIVITY OF THE NATURAL STEPPE PASTURES IN THE HEREFORDS GRAZING AREAS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TYVA

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Л.Т. МОНГУШ ◽  
Б.М. ЛУДУ ◽  
Б.К. КАН-ООЛ
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Aboveground Phytomass ◽  
Artemisia Frigida ◽  
Grass Stand ◽  
Festuca Valesiaca ◽  
The Republic

Представлены результаты исследования травостоя степных пастбищ на местах выпаса породы герефордов в условиях Республики Тыва. Выявлен видовой состав трех растительных сообществ, определены продуктивность их надземной фитомассы, распределение растений по экологическим группам, и проанализирован спектр жизненных форм. Рассчитан коэффициент закустаренности и поедаемости на изучаемых пастбищах. Наибольшее значение коэффициента закустаренности на злаково-разнотравно-кустарниковом участке (№ 2) — 0,51; ковыльно-стоповидно-осоково-кустарниковом (№ 3) — 0,19; наименьшее — на разнотравно-стоповидно-осоковом с караганой карликовой (№ 1) — 0,08. Выявлено, что на всех участках травостой представлен травянистыми многолетниками, кустарниками и полукустарниками. Типичные ксерофиты (эуксерофиты), наиболее характерные для настоящих степей, составляют основу данных растительных сообществ. Доля ксерофитов, к которым относятся тонконог тонкий (Koeleria cristata), ковыль. (Stipa pennata), мятлик (Poa attenuate), типчак (Festuca valesiaca), осока твердоватая (Carex duriuscula), лапчатка бесстебельная (Potentilla acaulis) и вильчатая (Р. bifurca) карагана карликовая (Caragana pygmaea), полынь холодная (Artemisia frigidа), колеблется от 45,45% до 65%. Ксеромезофиты встречаются на всех трех площадках, доля их колеблется от 9,09% до 22,22%. Продуктивность надземной фитомассы на участках № 1 составила 6,88 ц/га, № 2 — 6,26 ц/га, № 3 — 6,15 ц/га. Масса подстилки — относительно высокая на всех участках, так как учет продуктивности проведен в начале июня, когда только заканчивается переход ветоши в подстилку. Основу травостоя составляют хорошо поедаемые злаки, осоки и полукустарники. В настоящее время состояние пастбищ вполне удовлетворительное, несмотря на невысокое видовое разнообразие. The results of the study of the steppe pastures grass stand in the Hereford breed grazing areas in the conditions of the Republic of Tyva are presented. The species composition of three plant communities was revealed, the productivity of their aboveground phytomass was determined, the distribution of plants by ecological groups and the spectrum of life forms was analyzed. The coefficient of overgrowth and palatability on the studied pastures is calculated. The highest value of the coefficient of overgrowth on the gramineous-forb-shrubby plot (No. 2) is 0.51; needlegrass-pediform-sedgy-shrubby plot (No. 3) is 0.19; the lowest is on the forb-pediform-sedgy plot with pygmy pea shrub (No. 1) is 0.08. It was revealed that in all plots the grass stand crop is represented with herbaceous plurannuals, shrubs and subshrubs. Typical xerophytes (euxerophytes), the most typical for these steppes, form the basis of these plant communities. The proportion of xerophytes, which include thin June grass (Koeleria cristata), needlegrass (Stipa pennata), bluegrass (Poa attenuate), sheep fescue (Festuca valesiaca), hard sedge (Carex duriuscula), acauline cinquefoil (Potentilla acaulis) and forcipate (R. bifurca), pygmy pea shrub (Caragana pygmaea), pasture sagebrush (Artemisia frigida), ranges from 45.45 to 65%. Xeromesophytes are found at all three plots, their share ranges from 9.09 to 22.22%. The productivity of aboveground phytomass in plots No. 1 was 6.88 c/ha, No. 2 — 6.26 c/ha, No. 3 — 6.15 c/ha. The mass of the bedding is relatively high in all plots, since the productivity was taken into account at the beginning of June, when the transition of rags to the bedding is just finishing. The basis of the grass stand is well-eaten cereals, sedges and subshrubs. Currently, the condition of the pastures is quite satisfactory, despite the low species diversity.

scholarly journals CHANGES OF VERTEBRATE FAUNA IN GREEN AREAS OF ALMATY CITY DUE TO THE URBANIZATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (338) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
R. Jashenko ◽  
A. Geidt ◽  
M. Tastybay
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Vertebrate Fauna ◽  
Composition Formation ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
The City

Currently, there are serious changes in the environment in Almaty due to the accentuated urbanization processes. The fauna of wild-living vertebrates of the city is experiencing serious stress pressure in this regard, which forces the animals to adapt to new conditions or leave this territory. The last fundamental research on the species composition of the city's fauna was conducted about 3 decades ago, and therefore there is a necessity for repeated research. The aim of the research is to identify patterns of the vertebrates species composition formation within some Park zones of the southern part of Almaty in the context of the last 30 years. The main methods used in the study are route records of vertebrate fauna and bioindication. An analysis of the data from the research centers, as well as the authors' own bio-indicative studies, revealed an unfavourable state of environmental quality. Based on data from the own records (from February to December), it can be concluded that the species diversity of Almaty fauna has decreased or has undergone a considerable territorial redistribution since the end of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Optimization of algoflora of sod-podzolic sand soil in the conditions of its cultivation

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Eugene E. Gaevskii ◽  
Yaroslav K. Kulikov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Soil Algae ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Quantitative Development ◽  
Control Variant

As a result of studies of the taxonomic composition and quantitative development of soil algae on sod-podzolic sandy soil of varying degrees of optimization 45 species of soil algae were identified that belong mainly to four divisions: Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, Xanthophyta. Also in the soil were found not numerous representatives of divisions Euglenophyta and Rhodophyta. Different departments are represented unequally. Most of the found representatives we edaphophilic algae, the participation of hydrophilic algae in the formation of algogroups at the studied sites was insignificant (represented by one species of Cosmarium undulatum var. minutum Wittr.). No amphibial algae were found. The species composition and the spectrum of life forms in different versions of the experiment varied. The control variant of the experiment was represented by the smallest number of species; there are also no nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in the soil.

Carabidae of Barnaul city parks: ecological characteristics and species composition

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353
Author(s):  
E. A. Kuchina ◽  
N. D. Ovcharenko ◽  
L. D. Vasileva
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Dominant Group ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Steppe Species

<p>Anthropogenic impact on the population of ground beetles leads to a change in their numbers, structure of dominance, density, species composition, spectrum of life forms. This makes the beetles Carabidae a convenient and informative bioindicator of the ecological state of biocenoses. The material for this work was the Carabidae collections conducted in June-August 2016-2017 in the park zone of different regions of Barnaul, differing in location, area, hydrological regime, vegetation cover, purpose and anthropogenic load. When processing the material, the quantitative, species and generic composition of the carabidae was determined, calculations were made for such indicators as the Berger-Parker dominance index, the Shannon species diversity index (Hs), and the Jacquard species similarity index. The fauna (Coleoptera, Carabidae) of the park zone of Barnaul is represented by 55 species belonging to 20 genera. The dominant group is represented by species belonging to steppe, forest and polyzonal groups. Forest-steppe species of ground beetles as dominants have not been identified in any of the investigated territories. The greatest variety of ecological groups was noted on the territory of the Yubileyny рark, which is explained by the presence of zones with various microclimatic conditions, the presence of a birch grove that flows through the park with the Pivovarka River, and a wide log in the park. Registered species belong to eight groups of life forms belonging to two classes - zoophagous and myxophytophagous. On the numerical and species abundance, zoophages predominate. The spectrum of life forms corresponds to the zonal spectrum characteristic of the forest-steppe zone.</p><p> </p>

Species composition and distribution of marine macro algae at Co To and Thanh Lan archipelago

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-276
Author(s):  
Dam Duc Tien ◽  
Nguyen Thi Mai Anh ◽  
Linh Manh Nguyen ◽  
Pham Thu Hue ◽  
Lawrence Liao
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Littoral Zone ◽  
Marine Algae ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Algal Flora ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Site Number ◽  
Species Composition And Distribution ◽  
Total Species ◽  
Macro Algae

This paper exhibites species composition and distribution of marine seaweed at 10 sites of Co To and Thanh Lan islands in May 2019. The studies record 76 species of marine algae in the area, belonging to four divisions: Cyanophytes, Rhodophytes, Ochrophytes and Chlorophytes. Among them, five species are classified into Cyanophytes (comprising 6.6% of total species); thirty-four species into Rhodophytes (44.7%); twenty-one species into Ochrophytes/Phaeophytes (27.6%) and sixteen species into Chlorophytes (21.1%). The species composition of marine seaweeds in Co To and Thanh Lan shows significant differences as follows: 22 species (sites number 4 and 10) to 58 species (site number 2) and the average value is 38.7 species per site. Sørensen similarity coefficient fluctuates from 0.33 (sites number 5 and 10) to 0.84 (sites number 1 and 3) and the average value is 0.53. The current investigations show that four species of twenty-one species are collected in the littoral zone and forty-two species in the sub-littoral zone (in which there are thirteen species distributed in both littoral zone and sub-littoral zone). The algal flora in Co To and Thanh Lan is characterized by subtropics.

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