scholarly journals Influence of forest vegetation on color, reflectivity and humus content in soils of northern variant ravines of the steppe zone of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
V. A. Gorban ◽  
M. S. Yakuba ◽  
A. O. Huslystyi
Keyword(s):  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Genetic Horizon ◽  
Brightness Coefficient ◽  
The Village

Unique natural forests grow in the conditions of ravines of the steppe zone of Ukraine. Soil scientists have been researching the soils of ravines for more than 60 years. Despite long-term research, aspects of the genesis of specific ravine soils, which are reflected in their optical properties, are still virtually unexplored. Based on this, the aim of our work is to establish the characteristics of the influence of forest vegetation on color and reflectivity, as well as the closely related content of humus in the soils of the northern variant ravines of the steppe zone of Ukraine. Soil samples were taken from each genetic horizon of sections laid in the Glybokyy ravine (near the village of Andriivka, Novomoskovsk district, Dnipropetrovsk region). Soil color indices were determined by scanning soil samples followed by image analysis. The reflectivity of soils was investigated using a monochromator. The humus content in soils was determined by the standard method of wet oxidation of organic matter according to I. V. Tyurin. As a result of the performed researches it is established that the upper horizons of the soils of the Glybokyy ravine differ in the reduced values ​​of the indicators of the HSB, RGB and Lab systems, with depth their values ​​increase. The upper horizons of the ravine soils are characterized by reduced values ​​of brightness coefficients at wavelengths of 480, 650 and 750 nm, as well as the integrated brightness coefficient, with depth there is a gradual increase in their values. The color indicators of the RGB and Lab systems are the most successful for diagnosing and predicting the humus content in the soils of the ravine. Forest chernozems and forest-meadow soil of the ravine, which were formed under natural forest vegetation, are characterized by reduced values ​​of color indicators of HSB, RGB and Lab systems, reduced values ​​of brightness coefficients and increased humus content compared to chernozems, the genesis of which is related.

scholarly journals Influence of Long-Term Application of Fertilizer Systems on Fertility of Ordinary Carbonate Chernozem in the Conditions of the Central Ciscaucasia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
T P Lifanenkova ◽  
R V Bizhoev ◽  
M V Bizhoev
Keyword(s):  
Water Permeability ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Structural Condition ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Structure Index ◽  
Fertilizer System

The paper studies the influence of systematic application recommended and estimated mineral (N69P63K45 and N141P68K60) and organomineral (manure 8 t/ha + N44P42K24and manure 15 t/ha + N87P36K7) fertilizer systems within grain-grass-hoe crop rotation on density, porosity, structural condition of soil, water stability of structural units, water permeability, change of humus content and basic nutrition elements in rainfed conditions and at irrigation in comparison with their initial content and with indicators in control option – without fertilizers and irrigation throughout long-term field experiment on ordinary carbonate chernozem in a steppe zone of the Central Ciscaucasia. It is defined that over 68 years of experiments the content of total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and reaction of soil solution did not change. The maximum losses of humus and available forms of nutritious elements occurred in options without fertilizers in rainfed and irrigated conditions, bulk density of soil increased, porosity and water permeability decreased. The use of fertilizers improved agrophysical and water properties of soil: its density decreased, porosity, structure index, water stability, water permeability and hygroscopicity increased. The introduction of estimated organomineral fertilizer system to the scheme of experiment since 1986 restored the humus content in soil to the reference value and ensured its positive balance (+2.6 t/ha).

SELECTION WORK TO IMPROVE PRODUCTIVE AND BREWING QUALITIES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
О. V. Levakova ◽  
L. М. Eroshenko ◽  
А. N. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Labile Phosphorus ◽  
Loam Soil

The article presents and analyzes data of competitive varietal testing of promising varieties and lines of spring barley for yield and brewing qualities. Field studies were conducted in 2014–2017 on dark gray forest heavy loam soil. Agrochemical parameters are total nitrogen – 0.24%, humus content in a layer of 0-40 cm (according to Tyurin) – 5.19%, hydrolysis nitrogen – 123.5 mg / kg, salt extract pH – 4.92 mg-eq / 100g; labile phosphorus - 34.6 mg / 100g, labile potassium – 20.0 mg / 100g. The forerunner is winter wheat. Meteorological conditions in the years of research differed from each other and from the average long-term value. Barley samples were assessed by the protein content in the grain (GOST 10846-91), extract content (GOST 12130-77), weight 1000 grains (GOST 10842-89). Ecological plasticity was determined by the method proposed by E.D. Nettevich, A.I. Morgunov and M.I. Maksimenko, stability index (Ľ) by A. A. Gryaznov, indicator of stability level (Puss) by E. D. Nettevich and A. I. Morgunov. The main measure for assessing quality indicators is protein content. Many other biochemical and technological features of grain depend on its level. The experimental data convincingly testify to the significant influence of the soil and climatic conditions on the yield and, especially, on the brewing qualities of barley in the conditions of the Central Region of the Nonchernozem Zone. According to the studied traits, new valuable varieties Nadezhny, Sir, Noble and selection lines 141 / 1-09 h 746, 23 / 1-10 h 784, distinguished by high adaptability and resistance to adverse environmental factors, have been identified.

SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS FERTILITY REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
High Doses

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

Long‐term growth dynamics of natural forests in Hokkaido, northern Japan

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 815-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Umeki ◽  
Kihachiro Kikuzawa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Northern Japan

Socio-engineering arrangement of the village — the basis of rural development

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Kh. B. Dusaev ◽  
A. Kh. Dusaeva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Dynamic Development ◽  
The Village ◽  
Monetary Income

The article analyzes the number, employment and dynamics of monetary income of the population of the Orenburg region for a long-term period. The production of social and engineering arrangement of rural territories of the region for a number of years is analyzed in detail. Negative destructive changes and trends in employment and social development of rural areas are revealed. The directions of improvement and dynamic development of agricultural production, rural areas, and employment of the rural population are proposed.

scholarly journals Long-Term Ultrasonography Follow-Up of Thyroid Colloid Cysts at the Health Center: A Single-Center Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung Ho Rho ◽  
Dong Wook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Interval Change ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Colloid Cysts ◽  
Thyroid Colloid ◽  
Center Study

Objective. No previous study has employed long-term follow-up ultrasonography (US) examinations for evaluating thyroid colloid cysts (TCCs) in the general population. This study aimed to assess the interval changes of TCCs at the health center by evaluating long-term US follow-up examinations.Methods. For evaluation of the thyroid gland at our health center from 2006 to 2010, 3692 individuals underwent 4 or more thyroid US examinations at an interval of 1 year or 2 years. We assessed the interval changes of TCCs ≥ 5 mm on US follow-up examinations.Results. Of the 3692 subjects, only 115 (3.1%) showed TCCs ≥ 5 mm on one or more thyroid US examinations. The interval changes in TCCs, as shown by the thyroid US examinations performed during the study period, were classified as follows: no interval change (n=60), gradual increase (n=37), gradual decrease (n=6), positive fluctuation (n=10), negative fluctuation (n=0), and disappearance (n=2). No subject reported any relevant symptom pertaining to TCCs.Conclusions. Overall, follow-up US examinations showed various interval changes in TCCs, but a majority of TCCs showed no interval change or a gradual increase in size.

scholarly journals Influence of long-term mineral fertilization on metal contents and properties of soil samples taken from different locations in Hesse, Germany

SOIL ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Czarnecki ◽  
R.-A. Düring
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Metal Contents

Abstract. Essential and non-essential metals occur in soils as a result of weathering, industrial processes, fertilization, and atmospheric deposition. Badly adapted cultivation of agricultural soils (declining pH value, application of unsuitable fertilizers) can enhance the mobility of metals and thereby increase their concentrations in agricultural products. As the enrichment of metals in soils occurs over long time periods, monitoring of the long-term impact of fertilization is necessary to assess metal accumulation in agricultural soils. The main objective of this study was to test the effects of different mineral fertilizer variations on soil properties (pH, Corg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC)) and pseudo-total and mobile metal contents of soils after 14 years of fertilizer application and to determine residual effects of the fertilization 8 years after cessation of fertilizer treatment. Soil samples were taken from a field experiment which was carried out at four different locations (210, 260, 360, and 620 m above sea level) in Hesse, Germany. During the study, a significant decrease in soil pH and an evident increase in soil carbon content and cation exchange capacity with fertilization were determined. The CEC of the soils was closely related to their organic C contents. Moreover, pseudo- and mobile metal (Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn) contents in the soils increased due to application of 14 years of mineral fertilizer treatments (N, P, NP, and NPK) when compared to control plots. Eight years after termination of the fertilization in the soil samples taken from soil profiles of the fertilized plots (NPK) for monitoring the residual effects of the fertilizer application, a decrease of 82.6, 54.2, 48.5, 74.4, and 56.9% in pseudo-total Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn contents, respectively, was determined.

scholarly journals Vegetation cover and small mammals as the components of biocoenosis in the conditions of the Volga Upland

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Elena Evgenievna Boryakova
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Oak Forest ◽  
The Village

The study of the nature reserve oak forest near the village of Pelya-Khovanskaya ecosystem was done in the region of Nizhny Novgorod. The investigated wood is unique for its complex structure. It is situated in the forest-steppe zone, characterized by a high species diversity of small mammals and vegetation, which indicates the complexity of trophic and spatial connections. Several series of sample plots were described: 41 of 2020 m and a number of 11 m sites, totaling 300. Abundance of species by Brown-Blanke scale and the number of specimens of adolescence were specified for each 1 sq. m. plot. Mammals were trapped with the help of trapping grooves and transects method. Vegetation cover is characterized by the presence of a clear intra-differentiation as well as the existence of two basic ecologo-coenotic groups/cores - the nemoral (with Pulmonaria obscura Dum. as the center species of the core) and the meadow-fringe. The most distinct group is formed by forest-shoot species. It can be explained by more forest-steppe rather than nemoral nature of vegetation. Small mammals are represented by the following species: common and small shrews, small forest mouse, yellow-throated and field mice and harvest mouse, vole-housekeeper, common, plowed and red voles, European mole. Two species among them - vole-housekeeper and mouse-baby - are listed in the Red Book of the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Matching burrows of mouse-like rodents with soil richness with nitrogen and humidity, two well-defined peaks are observed. The greatest number of burrows is found in places where the soil is high in nitrogen. Moles were found in areas with a large projective coating of Primula veris: coefficient Spearman rank 0,50. There was a negative correlation of the number of moles and vegetation covering of Pyrethrum corymbosum (-0,46), which is the marker of the driest parts in the forest. In general, the nature reserve oak forest near the village of Pelya-Khovanskaya is of considerable interest, both from botanical and from zoological point of view. Long-term studies of biocoenosis will allow to monitor the facility and to correct the proposed protective measures.

scholarly journals FORECAST OF THE REFORMATION OF THE KRASNOYARSK RESERVOIR COASTAL ZONE IN THE KURTAK VILLAGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-278
Author(s):  
G.Yu. Yamskikh ◽  
A.V. Kozhukhovsky ◽  
K.V. Marusin ◽  
E.A. Fedorova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Coastal Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Verification Of Models ◽  
The Village ◽  
Term Monitoring

The article presents the analysis and prediction of coastal processes at the site of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir in the village of Kurtak where there are the most intensive processes of coastal reshaping. Over the past 50 years, the coast has receded here by an average of 350 m and continues to actively collapse at a speed of 3-5 m per year. Despite the fact that the intensity of coastal processes in this area has significantly decreased (mainly due to the general decrease in the level of the Krasnoyarsk reservoir), the rate of retreat of the shore is still high. However, it can be concluded that for the researched area the coastal reshaping does not pose a real threat to economic activity in the next 30 years. The article tested various methods of forecasting coastal processes, selected the most appropriate for the shores of a similar type. Verification of models was carried out on the basis of data of long-term monitoring of the site under consideration, which gave the chance to compare results of forecasts on different techniques to real retreat of the coast on this site.

scholarly journals Social Impact and Diffusion of Telecenter Use: A Study from the Sustainable Access in Rural India Project

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajendra Kumar ◽  
Michael L Best
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
South India ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
Rural India ◽  
Rural South ◽  
Social Diffusion ◽  
The Village ◽  
And Diffusion

In a study of social diffusion of telecenter use in rural south India, we find that these centers are being used only by a relatively small proportion of the village households despite their having been in operation for well over a year. Based on a survey of the telecenter users, we find that these users are, in general, young, male, school or college students, relatively more educated, belong to relatively higher income households, and come from socially and economically advanced communities. Thus the telecenters may sustain existing socioeconomic inequalities within these communities. However, we find some significant exceptions. We find that location of telecenters close to the residential localities where socially and economically backward communities live and presence of local champions within those communities are associated with attracting more users from those communities. We also find that providing localized content and services and making these services more affordable are other important factors in increasing usage and diffusion. We posit that incorporating these factors in the planning, spatial location, and operation of the telecenters can significantly improve their social diffusion and improve their long-term financial and social sustainability.

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