scholarly journals Variability at winter wheat varieties first generation which obtained mutagen action

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
M. M. Nazarenko ◽  
T. Y. Lykholat
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Local Breeding ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The purpose of our investigation was to identify the features of the depressive effects of the aftereffect of different doses of gamma-rays on winter wheat varieties of local breeding in terms of germination, survival, morphometry, yield. The parameters of germination and survival, the passage of the main phases of ontogenesis in winter wheat plants of French varieties (Flamenko and Ghayta) at the first generation were studied. The influence of mutagenic depression on parameters of yield structure (morphometry of mature plants) was established and the level of their variability was estimated too. In 2019–2020, experiments were conducted in the research fields of the research center of the Dnieper State Agrarian and Economic University. The experiments used seeds of Flamenko and Ghayta varieties, irradiated with gamma rays in doses of 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 Gy. Control was dry seeds. The variety Ghayta can be classified as resistant to gamma-rays, the variety Flamenko corresponded to high-sensitive. Parameter of germination and survival were directly correlated with increasing dose, with a dose of 200 Gy already semi-lethal, a dose of 250 Gy for variety Flamenko was sublethal, 300 Gy doze full-lethal, for the variety Ghayta sublethal was 300 Gy dose by which almost no plant material was obtained. Such parameters as plant height, weight of grains from the main spike and weight of thousand grains, weight of grains from the plant, partially number of grain from the main spike reliably reproduce the mutagenic depression. Depression of the plants is affected by the genotype of the variety more than the dose of mutagen; the plant height parameter clearly demonstrates mutagenic depression. According to the results of factor and discriminant analysis as indicators affected by genotype-mutagenic interaction should be used germination and survival, pollen sterility, plant height, grain weight per spike, weight of thousand grains weight of grains from the plant. Doses of 100–200 Gy are optimal for further use to obtain mutations; it is possible to use a dose of 250 Gy for the variety Ghayta.

scholarly journals Winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mutation depression under gamma-rays action

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nazarenko ◽  
◽  
Y. Lykholat ◽  
V. Savosko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Local Breeding

The purpose of our investigation was to identify the features of the depressive effects of the aftereffect of different doses of gamma-rays on winter wheat varieties of local breeding in terms of germination, survival, morphometry, yield. The parameters of germination and survival, the passage of the main phases of ontogenesis in winter wheat plants of French varieties (Courtiot and Gallixe) at the first generation were studied. The influence of mutagenic depression on parameters of yield structure (morphometry of mature plants) was established and the level of their variability was estimated too. In 2019 - 2020, experiments were conducted in the research fields of the research center of the Dnieper State Agrarian and Economic University. The experiments used seeds of Courtiot and Gallixe varieties, irradiated with gamma rays in doses of 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 Gy. Control was dry seeds. The variety Gallixe can be classified as resistant to gamma-rays, the variety Courtiotwas corresponded to high-sensitive. Parameter of germination and survival were directly correlated with increasing dose, with a dose of 200 Gy already semi-lethal, a dose of 250 Gy for variety Courtiot was sublethal, 300 Gy doze full-lethal, for the variety Gallixe sublethal was 300 Gy dose by which almost no plant material was obtained. Such parameters as plant height, weight of grain from the main spike and weight of thousand grains, partially (except for doses of 100-150 Gy) weight of grain from the plant reliably reproduce the mutagenic depression. Depression of the variety is affected by the dose of mutagen more than the genotype of the variety; the plant height parameter clearly demonstrates mutagenic depression. According to the results of factor and discriminant analysis as indicators affected by genotype-mutagenic interaction should be used germination and survival, pollen sterility, plant height, grain weight per spike, weight of thousand grains. Doses of 100 - 200 Gy are optimal for further use to obtain mutations; it is possible to use a dose of 250 Gy for the variety Gallixe.

scholarly journals Features of the formation of productivity signs of the yielding capacity in winter wheat varieties under different growing conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
V. V. Bazalii ◽  
I. V. Boichuk ◽  
Ya. O. Lavrynenko ◽  
H. H. Bazalii ◽  
Ye. O. Domaratskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Aim. Further improvement and application of modern methods of wheat breeding of different types of development for adaptiveness caused by change in the character of manifestation of limiting environmental factors under conditions of the Southern Ukrainian Steppe. Methods. Field experiment, selection and genetic, calculation and comparison research methods were used. Wheat varieties of different genetic and ecological origin under different growing conditions were examined. Results. Analysis of the parameters of plasticity and stability of the elements of the yield structure in winter wheat varieties under different growing conditions revealed that their variability depends on both genotype and ecological gradients. For instance, by the weight of grain from ears only the varieties Kirena and Yaroslavna were distinguished by a high reaction to changes in growing conditions (bi= 1,215 – 1,635) among the analyzed genotypes, the other varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Znakhidka odeska and Klarisa manifested quite high plasticity (bi= 0,454 – 0,816). There was an analogous situation in the formation of the number of grains per ear. It is necessary to highlight an important biological feature of these varieties which formed the highest actual productivity under late sowing conditions and different sowing rates when compared to other varieties and realized its potentialities better. Conclusions.The research determined that every wheat variety of different development types should be considered in the aspect of its reaction to different growing conditions and to the capability of realizing genetic potential in a particular ecological region. The results of estimation of adaptiveness potential determined a high degree of homeostaticity in the winter wheat varieties Askaniiska, Askaniiska Berehynia, Perlyna and the variety of an alternative type Klarisa. Keywords: winter wheat, varieties of alternative types, adaptiveness, plasticity, stability.

scholarly journals Productivity and elements of its structure in new genotypes of soft winter wheat of the south of Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Viktor Ivanovich Kovtun ◽  
Alesya Aleksandrovna Sukhareva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Standard Variety ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
The North ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Soft Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The article presents the best in yield genotypes of soft winter wheat, created in recent years in the North Caucasus FNATS. In terms of grain yield, on average, for two years of study (2018-2019), the best genotypes exceeded the standard variety Thunder from 0,50 to 1,97 t / ha. A particularly high excess over the standard was noted for the main elements of the yield structure: a mass of 1000 grains, the number of grains per spike, and a mass of spike grain. It is indicated that such varieties as Shield, Armada, Lyuda, Batya, Moretz, Source, 1217/14, 1008/15, 1332/15, 1731/15 can be effectively used as genetic sources when creating new winter wheat varieties for the conditions of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Variation in grain productivity and quality of modern winter wheat varieties in northern Ukrainian Steppe

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
M. Nazarenko ◽  
S. Mykolenko ◽  
P. Okhmat
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Gluten Content ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

We have been studying the grain productivity and quality of 22 new winter wheat varieties during three years under North Ukrainian Steppe conditions. These 22 winter wheat varieties and control (national standard by grain productivity variety Podolyanka) were investigated regarding their interactions with environmental conditions by agronomic-value traits like as general grain productivity, components of one, protein and gluten content, developing relations between once (correlation relations), which determining wheat quality and yield in a complex. Two high-adaptive varieties Divo and Matrix, which provides us higher than standard grain yield in complex with higher or proper protein and gluten content were developed. Two factors permanently influenced on grain productivity (conditions of the year and genotype), while only one (genotype) determined the protein content of grains. We used the weight of thousand grains as an integrative parameter of the yield structure for all productive varieties, with no regards to yield formation.

Morphogenesis in early generations of winter emmer / durum winter wheat hybrids

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
L.A. Vecherska ◽  
L. I. Relina ◽  
R. L. Bohuslavskyi ◽  
O. V. Golik
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
High Level ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

Morphogenesis profiles in early generations of winter emmer Triticum dicoccum var. atratum (Host) Koern. / modern durum winter wheat varieties hybrids were established. High level and frequency of positive transgressions for the grain weight per spike (53.7% and 85.7%, respectively) and kernel number per spike (53.4% and 57.4%, respectively) in all three combinations were observed. Emmer plants with amber grain and high levels of positive transgressions for all performance traits and plant height of ≤ 80cm. (spike length, spikelet and kernel numbers per spike, grain weight per spike, and 1000-kernel weight) were selected in F2 hybrids between winter emmer / durum winter wheat. The inheritance coefficients varied, depending on the trait and cross combination.

scholarly journals Coleoptile length and plant height of modern tall and semi-dwarf European winter wheat varieties

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Žilvinas Liatukas ◽  
Vytautas Ruzgas
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Wheat Germplasm ◽  
European Winter Wheat ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

A total of 124 recent winter wheat accessions of European origin were screened for coleoptile length and plant height. Most of the accessions (74.2%) possessed a coleoptile length ranging between 5.00 and 7.00 cm. The German varieties Ebi, Pegassos, Flair without <em>Rht </em>genes had a coleoptile length of 9.08, 9.43, 9.56 cm and a plant height of 97, 95 and 98 cm, respectively. The Serbian variety Pobeda possessing <em>Rht8 </em>had a coleoptile length of 9.14 cm and a plant height of 71 cm. The varieties possessing <em>Rht-B1b</em>, <em>Rht-D1b </em>had a significantly shorter mean coleoptile length (5.45 cm) and mean plant height (84.5 cm) than the varieties without <em>Rht </em>genes (7.41 and 99.6 cm). The correlation between coleoptile length and plant height was medium (r = 0.613, <em>p </em>&lt; 0.01) when the calculation excluded the varieties from Central and Southern Europe. The similar plant height, but not coleoptile length of the varieties possessing different dwarfing factors enables development of novel varieties with desirable height and coleoptile length from the European winter wheat germplasm.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic variability of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under gamma-rays action

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Izhboldin ◽  
◽  
T. Y. Lykholat ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

The aim of our research was to identify the specifity of the action of a wide range of doses of gamma rays in winter wheat varieties at the level of the cell chromosomal apparatus. The experiments used seeds of winter wheat varieties of local selection Spivanka and Commerciyna, irradiated with gamma rays in doses of 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 Gy. Control was dry seeds. Based on the data of cytological analysis, the frequencies and spectra of chromosomal aberrations after exposure to gamma rays were studied. The total number of mitoses (in the corresponding phase) found in the preparations (20 - 25 preparations for each variant), the number of cells with chromosomal abnormalities and the percentage of such cells (from the number of mitotic), the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (from the total number of cells with rearrangements). The sample was approximately 500 - 1000 cells for each study variant. The variety Spivanka is significantly less stable with respect to the variety Commerciyna at the cytogenetic level, but with no significant differences in the interaction in the genotype-mutagen system for gamma rays. The number of chromosomal rearrangements increases linearly under the action of gamma rays up to 200 Gy, where a significant drop begins with stabilization at a lower level at doses of 250 - 300 Gy. The dose of mutagen was found as more significant factor. Significant parameters of variability were the total frequency of chromosomal aberrations, the frequency of bridges and the frequency of complex rearrangements. The ratio of fragments to bridges is standard for gamma rays. Approximately the same level of variability in subsequent generations will be assumed for both varieties, but greater differences in variability in case of the use of chemical mutagens and the possibility of differences in the spectrum of changes in subsequent generations for gamma rays was predicted.

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