scholarly journals Biotesting and phytoindication of aquatic environment quality of urbanized territories

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
A. A. Alexeyeva ◽  
O. M. Marenkov ◽  
V. O. Kurchenko ◽  
I. V. Holub ◽  
O. O. Petrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Snowmelt Runoff ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Aquatic Environment Quality ◽  
Test Objects ◽  
Wastewater Outfall

Currently, there is a necessity for regular quality control over natural water bodies within the territory of industrial cities. The aquatic environment quality monitoring and the toxicity assessment of the water pollutants, in addition to the hydrochemical analysis data, require integral, biological indicators. In recent times, methods of direct aquatic toxicity assessment, namely biotesting water quality using sensitive hydrobionts and phytoindication with macrophytes, have become increasingly important. In this regard, we have conducted a comparative quality assessment of the water from three different areas of the Saksagan river, influenced by the Ternovska mine in Kryvyi Rih using various test objects. Hydrobiological samples were collected in September 2019 above wastewater outfall (residual rainfall and snowmelt runoff), at wastewater outfall (residual rainfall and snowmelt runoff) and below rwastewater outfall (residual rainfall and snowmelt runoff). In water the basic hydrochemical indicators have been defined: hydrogen index (pH), dissolved gases, biogenic elements, hardness, temperature, electrical conductivity, total mineralization (salinity). The quality of the aquatic environment was assessed by biotesting with daphnid Daphnia magna Straus and phytoindication by modified Mayer`s index. The analysis of the hydrochemical regime has been carried out according to generally accepted methods. Biotesting of water samples was carried out according to CTDC 211.1.4.054-97. In the experiments daphnid Daphnia magna Straus were used as test organisms. For testing the samples toxicity Daphnia youth under the age of 24 hours has been used. The toxicity criterion was the mortality of test organisms in relation to control. The number of dead animals was calculated after 96 hours, then the mortality (or survival) of objects in the samples was calculated. The survey of vegetation has been carried out visually. A rake and a d-shaped net have been used to study the submerged species. The detected algae have been systematized into 3 groups according to the modified Mayer`s index. The average index for the entire monitoring area has reached 15 points, which corresponds to the third quality class (moderately polluted river, β-mesosaprobic zone). It has been revealed that the hydrochemical composition of the water of the Saksagan river is characterized by a sufficiently high mineralization (2.6–3.5 g / l), which is caused by the complex influence of several factors: physiographic conditions, river control (the influence of Makartivske, Krasovske, Saksaganske reservoirs). A naturally simplified structure of the species composition of macrophytes has been noted, which is typical for reservoirs under anthropogenic load. Endangered and listed in the Red book of Ukraine plant species in the study area were absent. The comparison of the results of bioindication methods with hydrochemical analysis has shown that phytoindication by the modified Mayer`s index was more sensitive method with respect to biotesting on daphnid Daphnia magna. However, we consider it impossible to compare these test objects, since each object may have a specific reaction to individual toxicants (Daphnia – to insecticides, macrophytes – to herbicides). Thus, in the future, it is recommended to use a set of methods for rapid assessment of the water quality in urban areas.

scholarly journals The predictability of mixture toxicity of demethylase inhibiting fungicides to Daphnia magna depends on life-cycle parameters

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enken Hassold ◽  
Thomas Backhaus
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Mixture Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Concentration Addition ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Predictive Quality ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
Reproduction Test ◽  
Fecundity Reduction

A variety of different fungicides is found simultaneously in surface waters, among which demethylase inhibitors (DMIs) are a major group. The joint toxicity of four DMIs from different chemical classes (Fenarimol, Prochloraz, Triadimefon and Pyrifenox) was investigated in the reproduction test with Daphnia magna, following an extended protocol according to ISO 10706. We assessed the toxicity of the DMI mixtures across different endpoints and effect levels and evaluated the predictability of their joint action using Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA). The mixture reduced fecundity, delayed molting and caused characteristic malformations in offspring in a concentration-dependend manner which is possibly due to an anti-ecdysteroid action, as previously described for individual DMIs. However, also mixture-specific effects were observed: exposed daphnids reached sexual maturity already after the third juvenile molt, and thus significantly earlier than unexposed daphnids, which needed four juvenile molts to reach maturity. This effect is not caused by any of the DMIs alone. Additionally, the percentage of aborted broods was synergistically higher than expected by either CA or IA. IA underestimates the mixture toxicity for all parameters. The predictive quality of CA differed between life history responses, but was always within a factor of two to the observed toxicity. The parameter “fecundity reduction, counting only normally developed offspring” was the most sensitive endpoint, while the parameter “fecundity reduction, counting all living offspring” was slightly less sensitive. The mixture caused a 90% reduction in fecundity at individual concentrations that only provoke 7% effect or less, which calls for a mixture-specific toxicity assessment of DMI fungicides.

scholarly journals The predictability of mixture toxicity of demethylase inhibiting fungicides to Daphnia magna depends on life-cycle parameters

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enken Hassold ◽  
Thomas Backhaus
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Mixture Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Concentration Addition ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Predictive Quality ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
Reproduction Test ◽  
Fecundity Reduction

A variety of different fungicides is found simultaneously in surface waters, among which demethylase inhibitors (DMIs) are a major group. The joint toxicity of four DMIs from different chemical classes (Fenarimol, Prochloraz, Triadimefon and Pyrifenox) was investigated in the reproduction test with Daphnia magna, following an extended protocol according to ISO 10706. We assessed the toxicity of the DMI mixtures across different endpoints and effect levels and evaluated the predictability of their joint action using Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA). The mixture reduced fecundity, delayed molting and caused characteristic malformations in offspring in a concentration-dependend manner which is possibly due to an anti-ecdysteroid action, as previously described for individual DMIs. However, also mixture-specific effects were observed: exposed daphnids reached sexual maturity already after the third juvenile molt, and thus significantly earlier than unexposed daphnids, which needed four juvenile molts to reach maturity. This effect is not caused by any of the DMIs alone. Additionally, the percentage of aborted broods was synergistically higher than expected by either CA or IA. IA underestimates the mixture toxicity for all parameters. The predictive quality of CA differed between life history responses, but was always within a factor of two to the observed toxicity. The parameter “fecundity reduction, counting only normally developed offspring” was the most sensitive endpoint, while the parameter “fecundity reduction, counting all living offspring” was slightly less sensitive. The mixture caused a 90% reduction in fecundity at individual concentrations that only provoke 7% effect or less, which calls for a mixture-specific toxicity assessment of DMI fungicides.

scholarly journals Assessment of the state of the Protoka river water system by toxicological and bioindicative indicators

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Prysiazhniuk ◽  
O. Slobodeniuk ◽  
P. Vered ◽  
A. Horchanok ◽  
S. Pishchan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Water System ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Test Organisms

Water resources are one of the most important, but at the same time the most impressible components of the environment. This component is able to change very quickly under the influence of economic and human activities. The constant growth of anthropogenic pressure on the hydrosphere, changes in water regime and surface water reserves cause to impairment of quantitative and qualitative indicators of surface water. Biological tests play a special role in assessing the environment state. The results of chemical analysis performed with the help of complex equipment, in many cases do not allow assessing the true danger of pollutants on the environment, to predict the effects of their impact on living organisms. Various pollutants, getting into the environment, can undergo transformations, while increasing their toxic effects. For this reason, methods of integrated assessment of the quality of the aquatic environment are necessary. Biotesting methods play a huge role in this. Biotestingis used for express control over industrial waste, control of technological processes in real time; to determine the level of toxicity of new products, to control the toxic effects of materials, drugs, food, to determine the quality of drinking water, etc. The methodological possibilities of studying the toxicity of various substances on test organisms have significantly expanded over the last twenty years. We are intensively searching for the most sensitive test objects and indicators. Instrumental methods of analysis are being worked out. Various methods are used to assess the quality of the aquatic environment, changes in the parameters of physiological systems and the biochemical status of test organisms, test organs.The Protoka River ecological condition in Bila Tserkva district of Kyiv region was studied by bioindication methods (study of fluctuating asymmetry of aquatic organisms’ development, growth test to establish phytotoxicity of water and coastal soil). Toxicological investigation (pH determination, TDS, content of heavy metals in the coastal soil) were set. Histological parameters of silver carp parenchymal organs were conducted. Changes in the histostructure of the liver and kidneys of silver carp were detected. They indicate unfavorable conditions for fish. The obtained results can be used for ecological monitoring of the aquatic environment.

scholarly journals The predictability of mixture toxicity of demethylase inhibiting fungicides to Daphnia magna depends on life-cycle parameters

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enken Hassold ◽  
Thomas Backhaus
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Mixture Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Concentration Addition ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Predictive Quality ◽  
Dmi Fungicides ◽  
Reproduction Test ◽  
Fecundity Reduction

A variety of different fungicides is found simultaneously in surface waters, among which demethylase inhibitors (DMIs) are a major group. The joint toxicity of four DMIs from different chemical classes (Fenarimol, Prochloraz, Triadimefon and Pyrifenox) was investigated in the reproduction test with Daphnia magna, following an extended protocol according to ISO 10706. We assessed the toxicity of the DMI mixtures across different endpoints and effect levels and evaluated the predictability of their joint action using Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA). The mixture reduced fecundity, delayed molting and caused characteristic malformations in offspring in a concentration-dependend manner which is possibly due to an anti-ecdysteroid action, as previously described for individual DMIs. However, also mixture-specific effects were observed: exposed daphnids reached sexual maturity already after the third juvenile molt, and thus significantly earlier than unexposed daphnids, which needed four juvenile molts to reach maturity. This effect is not caused by any of the DMIs alone. Additionally, the percentage of aborted broods was synergistically higher than expected by either CA or IA. IA underestimates the mixture toxicity for all parameters. The predictive quality of CA differed between life history responses, but was always within a factor of two to the observed toxicity. The parameter “fecundity reduction, counting only normally developed offspring” was the most sensitive endpoint, while the parameter “fecundity reduction, counting all living offspring” was slightly less sensitive. The mixture caused a 90% reduction in fecundity at individual concentrations that only provoke 7% effect or less, which calls for a mixture-specific toxicity assessment of DMI fungicides.

scholarly journals TOXICOLOGICAL STUDIES OF A SHALLOW WATER OF HIGH EVTROPHIC LAKE NERO (YAROSLAV REGION). MESSAGE 1. WATER

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
I. Tomilina ◽  
R. Lozhkina ◽  
I. Chalova ◽  
N. Shevchenko
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
First Time ◽  
Test Objects

For the first time, a study of the water toxicity of the highly eutrophic lake Nero was conducted. For the entire period of observations on Toxicological indicators of water, only station 3, located north of Rozhdestvensky island, where toxicity was not registered for any test organism, belongs to the most successful ones. Stations 11, 13, and 16, which registered toxicity for all test organisms on both dates of observation, are among the most disadvantaged. For an objective assessment of the quality of the environment, it is necessary to use several test objects belonging to different systematic groups and trophic levels.

Estimation of environmental impact of some of the most often occurring pesticides in Slovenian surface and underground water

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 87-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Z̆gajnar Gotvajn ◽  
J. Zagorc-Koncan ◽  
T. Tis˘ler
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
National Monitoring ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Test Organisms

The use of environmental xenobiotics is increasing every day. We are now all dependent on synthetic substances in agriculture, pharmacy, petrochemical and food industries. Pesticides, when used correctly, have enormous benefits in increasing crop yield and improving the quality of agricultural produce. The problem is what happens to these chemicals in the environment. They can be widespread through various pathways. The aim of our work was to find out which pesticides occur most often in Slovenian surface and underground water and to assess some of their environmental characteristics. National monitoring on underground water includes analyses of 27 pesticides and their metabolites, which can be bought in the country. In spite of the fact that their use has not been allowed since 1994, the most often detected and widely spread pesticides in Slovenia appeared to be atrazine and alachlor. This is the reason why the toxicity of atrazine, alachlor and pentachlorophenol to different aquatic organisms was determined. Sensitivity of test organisms to pesticides was compared. The experimental results were compared with available literature data. Toxicity assessment shows their environmental impact and hazard on non-target aquatic organisms.

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