Intensity of microbiological processes in gray forest soils under the liming and plowing of crop by-products

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. M. Malynovska ◽  
N. A. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products ◽  
Crop Biomass

Established that liming with single dose by hydrolytic acidity (1,0 Hg) slows down the processes of organic matter mineralization in gray forest soil: without mineral fertilizers – in 2,1 times, with mineral fertilizers – in 4,1, with plowing of the seed crop biomass and the by-products of the predecessor – in 1,4 times. The mineralization of nitrogen compounds as a result of liming also proceeds slower: without mineral fertilizers – in 1,2 times, with mineral fertilizers – in 2,2 times. Confirmed patterns that were obtained in previous years of research about the impact of liming on the activity of humus mineralization – it decreases as a result of liming with full dose (1,0 Hg) without mineral fertilizers by 66,7 %, with mineral fertilizers – by 4,4 %.  The total biological activity in the soil without a mineral fertilizer increases as a result of liming by 23,0 %, with mineral fertilizers – by 42,5, at the background of exogenous organic matter (EOM) plowing – by 83,7 %. Liming allows to reduce the level of phytotoxicity of soil without mineral fertilization by 17,9 %, %, with mineral fertilizers at the background of EOM – by 12,2 %. Positive influence of liming is amplified in variants with introduction of organic matter into the soil (byproducts of predecessor and siderate). Plowing of siderate crop biomass and by-products of predecessor in crop rotation allows to slow down the processes of organic matter accumulation in soil. The application of liming and mineral fertilizers in combination with the introduction of EOM reduces the index of pedotropy in 2,1 times, only with mineral fertilizers (N60Р30К60) – in 1,5 times. Similarly, plowing of the EOM affects the intensity of other mineralization processes. The total biological activity increases as a result of EOM plowing into the soil: in the variant with the use of mineral fertilizers by 54,7 %, with mineral fertilizers and liming – by 28,9 %. Confirmed previously established laws regarding the impact of optimization of mineral nutrition on the activity of decomposition of humic substances: with an increase in the dose of mineral fertilizers in 1,5 and 2 times the activity of mineralization of humus decreases by 6.0 and 10,1 % respectively. With the improvement of mineral nutrition of plants, the amount of root extracts is increased, which is a more accessible substrate than humus acids, which leads to slowing down of the destruction of humus substances.

scholarly journals Changes of risky element concentrations under organic and mineral fertilization  

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hlisnikovský ◽  
G. Mühlbachová ◽  
E. Kunzová ◽  
M. Hejcman ◽  
M. Pechová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Labile Organic Matter ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Fresh Organic Matter ◽  
The Impact

The 28-day incubation experiment was carried out to evaluate the impact of the application of digestate (Dig); digestate with straw (DigSt); pig slurry (Slu) and mineral fertilizer (NPK) on Cd, Cu, Mn and Zn availability, on K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon content and on the soil pH value in long-term contaminated soil. At days three and seven of the experiment, the 0.01 mol/L CaCl<sub>2</sub>-extractable fractions of Cd, Zn and Mn significantly decreased under organic treatments (Dig, DigSt and Slu) with the most pronounced effect under Dig treatment. The NPK treatment caused the increase of risky element concentrations since day 21 of incubation which was accompanied with pH decrease. The contents of 0.5 mol/L K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon were the highest at day 3 and 7 of incubation in organic treatments. The significant correlations between 0.5 mol/L K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>-extractable carbon and CaCl<sub>2</sub>-extractable metal concentrations showed a close relationship between fresh organic matter added in organic fertilizers and risky element availability, suggesting that newly added labile organic matter can form temporary ligands with risky elements and release them later following its decomposition.  

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF THE MINERAL NUTRITION LEVEL ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CEREAL AND LEGUMINOUS AGROCENOSES IN THE FOREST STEPPE OF BAIKAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Виктор Агафонов ◽  
Viktor Agafonov ◽  
Евгений Бояркин ◽  
Evgeniy Boyarkin
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Green Mass Yield ◽  
The Impact

The article presents findings of the influence of different levels of mineral nutrition on plant growth and development, the impact of fertilizers on the botanical composition, on the productivity and forage benefits of cereal-bean agrocenoses in the forest-steppe zone of the Baikal region. The objects of research were mixed crops of oats with peas and millet with vetch, peas, and Austrian winter pea. Legumes are the main source of protein increase in feed. In the field, the most widespread, among legumes, were vetch, sowing peas, field peas (Austrian winter pea). As a result of phenological observations, it was found that the growth and development of plants depended on the biological characteristics of crops, weather conditions and directly on the mineral nutrition level. The millet reacted most effectively to the application of mineral fertilizers, starting from the exit phase into the tube. The introduction of mineral fertilizers in pre-sowing tillage contributed to an increase in the proportion of legume components in the total green mass yield and a decrease in cereals. The highest competition in agrocenoses of millet with legume components was vetch, its share in the mixture increased, compared to the unfertilized background, by 6 and 14.5%, depending on the background of fertilizers. It was found that, compared with the unfertilized background, mineral fertilizers increased the yield of green mass from 1.5 to 4.9 tons per hectare, the collection of dry matter from 0.4 to 2.0 tons per hectare and the collection of feed units from 0.3 to 1.3 tons per hectare. Digestible protein content in 1 unit increased with the introduction of nitrogen fertilizer (N45), depending on the type of components in the mixture, from 3.2 to 6.6 g, and with the introduction of complex mineral fertilizer (N45P30K30) from 2.5 to 9.6 g. All are millet-bean mixtures at all levels of mineral nutrition comply with zootechnical standards.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS ON THE EFFECTIVE SOIL FERTILITY AND MINERAL NUTRITION OF APRICOT AND CHERRY PLUM SEEDLINGS

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 31-38
Author(s):  
O. E. Klymenko ◽  
M. I. Klymenko ◽  
I. A. Kameneva
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Impact

The effect of microbial preparations (MP) use, created on the basis of nitrogen-fixing and phosphorous mobilizing bacteria as well as complex of microbial preparations (CMP) on the effective soil fertility, mineral nutrition and efficiency of cherry plum and apricot seedlings growing was studied in the fruit nursery on the southern chernozems for three years. It was established that MP’s had a positive influence on the content of mineral elements in the soil and the leaves of fruit plants while promoting output of the standard planting material. Azotobacterine and CMP had the best effect on these indicators. Slight decrease of organic matter content in the soil under the cherry plum seedlings in MP variants was observed. Replenishment of the soil with organic matter is recommended for the effective use of MPs.

scholarly journals Agronomic Efficiency of Biosolid as Source of Nitrogen to Banana Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio Junqueira Teixeira ◽  
Ronaldo Severiano Berton ◽  
Aline Reneé Coscione ◽  
Luis Alberto Saes ◽  
Marcio Koiti Chiba
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Soil Mineral Nitrogen ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Npk Fertilizer

Sewage sludge (SS) or biosolid has been studied as source of nutrient for several different plant species. It also contributes to soil fertility recycling organic matter and plant nutrients. This followup work examines a three-year (2001–2004) field experiment designed to evaluate the response of banana plants (Cavendish subgroup) to the application of biosolid as source of nitrogen. The treatments consisted of control (mineral PK, no N), three rates of sludge, and two rates of mineral NPK fertilizer. Plant and soil N concentration, fruit yield, plant height, stem diameter, and foliar endurance index were measured. Fruit yield with mineral fertilization or sludge applications did not differ statistically(P>0.05). Application of biosolid resulted in statistically significant higher agronomic efficiency(P<0.05)in comparison to mineral fertilizers. The concentration of soil mineral nitrogen increased using mineral fertilizer or sludge until 0.80 m after three years of application. The effect of the source of N was smaller than the effect of the rate. Biosolid can be used as source of N for banana growers.

scholarly journals Differences in soil organic matter and humus of sandy soil after application of biochar substrates and combination of biochar substrates with mineral fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Dušan Šrank ◽  
Vladimír Šimanský
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sheep Manure ◽  
The Impact

The effort to achieve the sustainable farming system in arable soil led to the intensive search for a new solution but an inspiration can also be found in the application of traditional methods of soil fertility improvement as it is shown in numerous examples in history. Recently many scientific teams have focused their attention on the evaluation of biochar effects on soil properties and crop yields. Since there are a lot of knowledge gaps, especially in explanations how biochar can affect soil organic matter (SOM) and humus substances, we aimed this study at the solution of these questions. Therefore, the objective of the experiment was to evaluate the impact of two biochar substrates (B1 – biochar blended with sheep manure, and B2 – biochar blended with sheep manure and the residue from the biogas station) at two rates (10 and 20 t ha-1) applied alone or in combination with mineral fertilizers (Urea was applied in 2018, at rate 100 kg ha-1, and Urea at rate 100 kg ha-1 + AMOFOS NP 12-52 at 100 kg ha-1 were applied in 2019) on the quantity and quality of SOM and humus of sandy soil (Arenosol, Dolná Streda, Slovakia). The results showed that application of the biochar substrates together with mineral fertilizers (MF) had more pronounced effect on the organic matter mineralization in the sandy soil which resulted in low accumulation of soil organic carbon (Corg) and labile carbon compared to biochar substrates treatments without MF. The share of humic substances in Corg significantly decreased by 16, 50, 16 and 24% in B1 at 10 t ha-1, B1 at 20 t ha-1, B2 at 10 t ha-1 and B2 at 20 t ha-1 treatments, respectively, compared to the control. A similar tendency was observed for biochar substrates treatments + MF, compared to MF control. The carbon content of humic substances (CHS) was equal to 4.40 – 5.80 g kg-1 and the biochar substrates had statistically significant influence on CHS content. On average, there was a smaller decrease of CHS in B1 at rate 10 t ha-1 than at rate 20 t ha-1 and no effect of B2 compared to control. The carbon content of fulvic acid (CFA) was 9% higher in B1 at 10 t ha-1, and 20 t ha-1, 47% higher in B2 at 10 t ha-1 and 17% higher in B2 at 20 t ha-1 compared to control. As a result of biochar substrates + MF application, the reduction in CFA was observed. The results showed a decrease of CHA : CFA ratio with association to biochar substrates alone application compared to control on one hand, and a wider of CHA : CFA ratio in biochar substrates + MF treatments in comparison to MF control on the other hand. Humus stability was increased in biochar substrates alone treatments compared to control, on the other hand, compared to MF control, the application of biochar substrates + MF resulted in a lower humus stability.

Classification of algogenic organic matter concerning its contribution to the bacterial regrowth potential and by-products formation

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wido Schmidt ◽  
Beate Hambsch ◽  
Heike Petzoldt
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Additional Increase ◽  
Bacterial Regrowth ◽  
Humic Compounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

The bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) and the by-products formation potential after the disinfection (DBP) are parameters recognized to be influenced by the origin of organic matter dissolved in water. A significant difference of the impact of humic compounds and algogenic organic matter (AOM), characteristic for raw waters from reservoirs, to both parameters can be assumed. In systematic laboratory experiments the influence of AOM on the BRP as well as DBP was examined. Different fractions of the AOM were chlorinated and treated with chlorine dioxide. In addition to that the influence of the ozonation was investigated. To assess the biodegradable fraction of the organic matter (BDOC) a large spectrum of by-products (aldehydes and keto-acids) was analyzed. The BRP in the water was determined by the measurement of the increase of biomass in the water samples. It could be proved, that the chlorination of intact algae cells containing waters may cause a significant increase of the biodegradability in the water if the residual chlorine is totally required. In the case of the disinfection of the AOM containing waters with chlorine dioxide the relative increase of the BRP was lower in comparison to the chlorinated waters. The preozonation of the algae containing waters indicates an additional increase of the BRP, but only by ozonation of the algae cells. The ozonation of the algae metabolites does not influence the BRP, but it causes a significant decrease of the THM-formation if chlorine is used for disinfection.

scholarly journals The Mineral Fertilizer-Dependent Chemical Parameters of Soil Acidification under Field Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7165
Author(s):  
Przemysław Tkaczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Mocek-Płóciniak ◽  
Monika Skowrońska ◽  
Wiesław Bednarek ◽  
Sebastian Kuśmierz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
The Impact

Soil acidification in agroecosystems is a natural process that could be accelerated, mainly by the inappropriate application of mineral fertilizers, or prevented, by sustainable management practices. On the basis of a three-year field study in a grassland agroecosystem, the impact of different rates of fertilization with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) on soil chemical parameters related to soil acidity was evaluated. It was found that high-rate fertilization with ammonium nitrate accelerated the soil acidification process, which was additionally intensified by the application of superphosphate and potassium salt. The sum of exchangeable base cations, the values of base saturation and hydrolytic acidity in the soil reflected the interactions between the applied NPK-fertilizer levels. Considering chemical parameters related to soil acidity studied in this experiment, it seems that the best strategies for mitigating soil acidification in grasslands are reducing nitrate leaching, changing fertilizer types and increasing the input of base cations.

Variations of DBPs precursors according to location within the distribution system

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-421
Author(s):  
C. Beaulieu ◽  
M. J. Rodriguez ◽  
J.-B. Sérodes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Spatial Behavior ◽  
Haloacetic Acids ◽  
Formation Potential ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

Little information is available on the evolution of remaining organic matter (ROM) in a water distribution system (WDS) and its impact on the generation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). This research involves the characterization, through sample fractionation processes and experimental chlorination tests, of the reactivity of DBP precursors occurring within a WDS. The study is based on samples collected in various locations of a WDS during a complete year. For each sample, six fractions were generated to determine their potential for formation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). Fractionation processes on ROM demonstrated that the spatial behavior of precursors for THMs differs from that for precursors of HAAs. In addition, experimental chlorination tests showed that the reactivity of the investigated fractions, in terms of DBP formation potential (DBPfp), was different from each other according to location in the WDS. DBPfp for the studied fractions changed drastically during water treatment. However, changes of DBPfp for fractions were relatively low between the beginning and the extremity of the distribution system. Since the results of this research confirm that the ability to produce DBPs is related to the nature of the fractions, they could be useful to evaluate the impact of re-chlorination on DBP formation in a WDS.

Soil respiration and soil organic matter pools in soils amended for 7 years with biochar combined with mineral and organic fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iria Benavente-Ferraces ◽  
Fátima Esteban ◽  
Denis Courtier-Murias ◽  
Ana Rey ◽  
Claudio Zaccone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Compost

&lt;p&gt;Biochar application is now considered to be one of the most promising agricultural practices to mitigate climate change. However, to fully assess the benefits of biochar, we still need to better understand its effects on soil properties, and particularly on native soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this work, we investigated soil respiration and changes in SOM pools (mineral-free, intra-aggregate, and mineral-associated SOM) as affected by the application of 20 t / ha per year of biochar alone or combined with mineral fertilizer, municipal solid waste compost, or sewage sludge. The experiment was run for 7 years in a semiarid agricultural soil. We found that biochar had no effect on soil respiration with respect to mineral fertilization and no amendment (control), and tended to decrease CO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;emissions from soils amended with municipal solid waste compost and sewage sludge. Biochar accumulated mainly in the mineral-free SOM fraction and its addition, especially in combination with municipal solid waste compost, promoted the amount of SOM occluded with aggregates and associated to mineral surfaces.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Acknowledgments: to the Spanish MICINN (MINECO, AEI, FEDER, EU) for supporting the research project AGL2016-75762-R.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Fertilizer type influences tomato yield and soil N2O emissions  

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitale Luca ◽  
Polimeno Franca ◽  
Ottaiano Lucia ◽  
Maglione Giuseppe ◽  
Tedeschi Anna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Tomato Yield

Improvements in crop management for a more sustainable agriculture are fundamental to reduce environmental impacts of cropland and to mitigate effects on global climate change. In this study three fertilization types – ammonium nitrate (control); mineral fertilizer added with a nitrification inhibitor (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP)), and an organo-mineral fertilizer (OM) – were tested on a tomato crop in order to evaluate effects both on crop production and soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. Plants grown under OM fertilization had a greater relative growth rate compared to mineral fertilization, due to a higher net assimilation rate, which was related to a greater light interception rather than to a higher photosynthetic efficiency. OM fertilization determined the highest fruit production and lower soil N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes compared to NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>, although the lowest soil N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes were found in response to mineral fertilizer added with a nitrification inhibitor. It can be concluded that organo-mineral fertilizer is a better nutrient source compared to mineral fertilizers able to improve crop yield and to mitigate soil N<sub>2</sub>O emission.  

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