scholarly journals Ecological features of urease activity distribution in technogenically altered soils of the Nikopol manganese ore basin

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
V. I. Chorna ◽  
I. V. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Manganese Ore ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Level Of Activity

The challenge of degradation of natural ecosystems because of human activity is considered by the world community to the most serious problems facing mankind. As a result of mineral extraction, man-made landscapes and environmentally ruined areas replace natural habitats and agroecosystems; a whole spectrum of man-made processes are typical for such landscapes, which leads to a decrease in species richness and biological diversity within such areas. Degraded territories formed in the process of coal mining are often partially restored through remediation measures. During the implementation of the technical stage of remediation, substrates with different potential fertility having different environmental properties and quality are used. Specific features of distribution total, available nitrogen concentrations and levels of urease enzymatic activity at the layers of artificial soil, sod-lithogenic soils onto gray-green and red-brown clays and on loess-like loams in the Nikopol manganese ore basin are established. It is presented general assessment of technosol status by concentration of general easily hydrolysed nitrogen enzyme activity of urease and this enzyme enriches the soil with mineral nitrogen in the process of mineralization of organic substances.  The level of activity of urease,  investigated soils, determines the intensity of the direction of biochemical processes that affect soil fertility.High correlation between concentrations of soluble nitrogen and urease activity values by layers of artificial soil (r = 0.81), sod-lithogenic soils onto gray-green (r = 0.98), red-brown clays (r = 0.72) and onto loess-like loam (r = 0.85) were found. Tendency of decreasing hydrolytic enzyme activity, urease, with depth in all types of artificial soil studied was established. It has been established that biochemical diagnostics of technozem processes beyond the level of activity of the hydrolytic enzyme urease makes it possible to estimate the direction of changes at the layers of artificial soil, sod-lithogenic soils onto gray-green and red-brown clays and on loess-like loams. The recultivated soil has some what lower fertility and greater salimity at the lower horizons, but is capable of performing ecological functions and can not only be used for economic purposes, but also perform ecological functions.

scholarly journals Ecological features of enzyme activity distribution in edaphotops of technogenic landscapes

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Chorna ◽  
I. V. Wagner ◽  
V. V. Katsevych
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Ecological Features

Specific features of distribution total, available phosphorus concentrations and levels of phosphatase enzymatic activity at the layers of artificial soil, sod-lithogenic soils onto gray-green and red-brown clays and on loess-like loams in the Nikopol manganese ore basin are established. It is presented general assessment of technosoil status by evaluation of phosphatase enzyme activity; this enzyme enriches the soil with mineral phosphorus and thereby improves its availability for living organisms. Among current bioindication methodology, soil enzymatic method is the most reliable and promising because enzymatic activity serves a stable indicator of soil biogenicity in comparison with other indicators. Soil enzymatic activity determines both intensity and targeting of biogeochemical processes. High correlation between concentrations of soluble phosphorus and phosphatase activity values by layers of artificial soil (r = 0.87), sod-lithogenic soils onto gray-green (r = 0.77), red-brown clays (r = 0.62) and onto loess-like loam (r = 0.95) was determined. Tendency of decreasing hydrolytic enzyme activity, phosphatase, with depth in all types of artificial soil studied was established. High efficiency of the enzymatic activity study in diagnostics of soil fertility dynamics under impact of various anthropogenic and natural ecosystems was determined. Advantages of using this method are capability to determine rapidly the changes occurring in ecosystems in the early stages of degradation processes and prediction of their targeting and, accordingly, their intensity. It has been found that levels of phosphatase activity and values of mobile phosphorus compounds in complex biogeocoenotic systems are sensitive quantitative indicators of changes in environmental conditions in man-made environment, and they generate good data about processes occurred within the soil column. The use of phosphatase activity level can be a reliable and promising method on biomonitoring of technogenic edaphotops.

scholarly journals DOSAGE COMPENSATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER TRIPLOIDS. II. GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY

Genetics ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-342
Author(s):  
Gustavo Maroni ◽  
Walter Plaut
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Dosage Compensation ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Special Device ◽  
Regulatory Factor ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
Integral Number ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

ABSTRACT The level of activity of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was determinel in flies having seven different chromosomic constitutions. All those having an integral number of chromosomes [XAA, XXAA, XAAA, XXAAA, and XXXAAA (X=X chromosome, A=set of autosomes)] were found to have similar units of enzyme activity/mg live weight, while diploid females with a duplication and triploid females with a deficiency showed dosage effect. The amount of enzyme activity per cell, on the other hand, is also independent of the number of X's present but appears roughly proportional to the number of sets of autosomes.—It is proposed that dosage-compensated sex-linked genes are controlled by a positively acting regulatory factor(s) of autosomal origin. With this hypothesis it is possible to explain dosage compensation as a consequence of general regulatory mechanisms without invoking a special device which applies only to the X chromosomes.

Evidence for microbial attenuation of particle flux in the Amundsen Gulf and Beaufort Sea: elevated hydrolytic enzyme activity on sinking aggregates

Polar Biology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 2007-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen T. E. Kellogg ◽  
Shelly D. Carpenter ◽  
Alisha A. Renfro ◽  
Amélie Sallon ◽  
Christine Michel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Particle Flux ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Beaufort Sea ◽  
Amundsen Gulf

Resonant Sensors for Low-Cost, Contact-Free Measurement of Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity in Closed Systems

ACS Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1489-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadaf Charkhabi ◽  
Andee M. Beierle ◽  
Marshall D. McDaniel ◽  
Nigel F. Reuel
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Resonant Sensors ◽  
Closed Systems ◽  
Contact Free

scholarly journals Enzymatic activity and mineralization of carbon and nitrogen in soil cultivated with coffee and green manures

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 1573-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elcio Liborio Balota ◽  
Julio César Dias Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Leucaena Leucocephala ◽  
N Mineralization ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
C And N Mineralization ◽  
Legume Cover Crops ◽  
C And N ◽  
Coffee Plants

There are great concerns about degradation of agricultural soils. It has been suggested that cultivating different plant species intercropped with coffee plants can increase microbial diversity and enhance soil sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate enzyme activity (urease, arylsulfatase and phosphatase) and alterations in C and N mineralization rates as related to different legume cover crops planted between rows of coffee plants. Soil samples were collected in a field experiment conducted for 10 years in a sandy soil in the North of Paraná State, Brazil. Samples were collected from the 0-10 cm layer, both from under the tree canopy and in-between rows in the following treatments: control, Leucaena leucocephala, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria breviflora, Mucuna pruriens, Mucuna deeringiana, Arachis hypogaea and Vigna unguiculata. The soil was sampled in four stages of legume cover crops: pre-planting (September), after planting (November), flowering stage (February) and after plant residue incorporation (April), from 1997 to 1999. The green manure species influenced soil enzyme activity (urease, arylsulfatase and phosphatase) and C and N mineralization rates, both under the tree canopy and in-between rows. Cultivation of Leucaena leucocephala increased acid phosphatase and arilsulfatase activity and C and N mineralization both under the tree canopy and in-between rows. Intercropped L. leucocephala increased urease activity under the tree canopy while C. breviflora increased urease activity in-between rows.

scholarly journals Hydrolytic enzyme activity enhanced by Barium supplementation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilo Muñoz ◽  
◽  
Fernando G. Fermoso ◽  
Mariella Rivas ◽  
Juan M. Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme

Self-immolative versatile fluorogenic probes for screening of hydrolytic enzyme activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (38) ◽  
pp. 9146-9150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Żądło-Dobrowolska ◽  
Martyna Szczygieł ◽  
Dominik Koszelewski ◽  
Daniel Paprocki ◽  
Ryszard Ostaszewski
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Cascade Reaction ◽  
Enzymatic Cleavage ◽  
Enzyme Screening ◽  
Fluorogenic Probes

Self-immolative probes for rapid and sensitive hydrolase detection are reported. This system allows hydrolytic enzyme screening through a cascade reaction triggered by enzymatic cleavage.

Flavine, Oxidative and Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity in the Skin of Sana, Togemburg and Balkan Engrafted Kid Breeds

1994 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
D. Mihelić ◽  
A. Hraste ◽  
K. Babić ◽  
Vesna Gjurčević-Kantura ◽  
Z. Janicki
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme

GENERATIVE CYCLES OF PROTEIN AND TRANSAMINASE IN THE GROWING CORN RADICLE

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Transaminase Activity ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Linear Distance ◽  
Cellular Development

Measurements have been made of growth rates, cell numbers, fresh and dry weights, protein and soluble nitrogen levels, and glutamic–aspartic transaminase activity in six successive 2 mm segments of the radicles of 3-day-old corn seedlings. The measured quantities of protein and enzyme activity are related to the stage of average cellular development, to a linear distance scale along the axis of the radicle, and to the time scale. Increments per cell per hour during cell growth are therefore computed. An attempt is made to explain the significance of the genesis of the transaminase in the growth and development of the radicle cells, to the concurrent genesis of total and specific protein, and to other generative cycles.

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