The current level of β-radioactivity in the Zaporizhzhya storage lake

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 21-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Shugurov ◽  
T. A. Strigina
Keyword(s):  
Water Movement ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Subsequent Measurement ◽  
Storage Lake

The condition control of the Ukrainian rivers is an integral part of the population safety level. The change of such state can occur for several reasons. The first is the increase of pollution level from the working enterprises. The second – the efficiency reduction  of protective constructions which store the radioactive wastes of (tailings dam). And the third – movement changes of water masses which are capable to lift the radio nuclides received earlier from the river bed (for example, the accident on the Chernobil atomic station). Therefore, the aim of the work was the modern level evaluation of b-nuclide pollution (90Sr and 137Cs) in water of Zaporizhzhya storage lake on the largest density points of the industrial enterprises on the Dnieper river in the sequence Kamenskoe – Dnipro – Zaporizhzhya at different seasons of the three years. Within 2014–2016 we carried out investigations of Zaporizhzhya storage lake b-radiation level for different seasons. The sampling was made at depth from 1,0 m to 1,5 m on six points. These points corresponded to the coast ones of Zaporizhzhya storage lake which are bound up with the industrial enterprises wastes of Kamenskoe and Dnipro or the small rivers fall points into the Dnieper River. The sampling points were: a coastal area 200 m below the Dneprodzerzhinsky dam, the river port, Starie Kodaki, the mouth of the river Mokra Sura, village Vojskove and Fyodorivka. The water mass of 5 kg was taken from these points and poured into the glass bottles. For radioactive pollution level determination in river's points we used two samples by 60 dm3 volume or caesium (137Cs) and strontium (90Sr) definition. 90Sr activity in water was determined radiochemically by oxalates sedimentation method with the subsequent measurement on the UMF-1500 installation. The isotope 137Cs was besieged by potassium ferrocyanide from a muriatic solution with the subsequent measurement on a small background installation The general β-radioactivity (Bq/l) was determined in the samples on the radiometer-«Beta» with the help of the SBT-13 counter by direct measurement method of samples. We showed that the levels of general β-activity water or at the investigated selection points of Zaporizhzhya storage lake fluctuated on average from 0,14 to 0,24 Bq/l, the content of 90Sr radionuclides in water is from 0,029 to 0,055 Bq/l, for 137Cs – is 0,042 Bq/l. In autumn β-activity level in Zaporozhzhya storage lake water decreased in comparison with spring – summer seasons. It is typical for storage lakes with a superficial filling which is followed by a relative increase of radioactive materials in water from deeply lying breeds bottom. For 90Sr, the effect of fluctuations in its concentration is observed, depending on the presence of industrial centers on the way of water movement along the Zaporizhzhya Reservoir. This effect not marked for 137Cs. An assessment of the level of water pollution has shown that in our time the indicators of the studied isotopes do not exceed the permissible levels of radioactivity stipulated by the norms of radiation safety of Ukraine from 1997.

scholarly journals The Ob River Pine Forest in Novosibirsk: Past, Present, and Problems

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-606
Author(s):  
E. K. Emelyanova ◽  
N. V. Goroshko
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Public Park ◽  
Ob River ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Green Areas

From the very beginning of Novosibirsk (pre-revolutionary Novonikolaevsk), the ribbon of the Ob River pine forest began to dwindle as a result of man-induced activity, e.g. logging, wood clearing, construction of dugouts and houses, etc. The small rivers that flew through the forest were used for quarries and water mills. As a result, the intensive industrial development disturbed the terrain and provoked revinement. Subsequently, the abandoned intracity park zones of the relict forest were transformed into residential, business, and industrial areas, such as Alhambra, Mikhailovsky Grove, etc. The quality of the forest stand during the period of industrialization was affected by the technogenic load from industrial enterprises that had no sewage treatment plants. An ill-conceived green policy led to the loss of the environment-forming function of the Novosibirsk pine forest, because only small areas of it remained within the city boundaries. The once green banks of small rivers that flew into the Ob preserved the last remains of the pine forest. However, they were destroyed, as the rivers were placed in underground pipelines, the ravines were washed away, and infill construction flourished. At the moment, the remaining green areas fail to perform the main function of urban forests: they neither reduce the negative environmental load, nor reproduce themselves. In addition, they make poor recreational areas. The remaining relic pine forest and other green areas continue to experience both direct and indirect negative impact, e.g. deforestation, air and water pollution, etc. The largest preserved site of the Ob River pine forest is the Zaeltsovsky public park. Located to the north of the Yeltsovka-2 (Bolshoi) River, it has been used for summer cottages, recreation, and foraging mushrooms and berries since the XIX century. The article gives a historical retrospective of the reduction in the area of the Ob River pine forest and its causes. It also describes the Comfortable Urban Environment project aimed at preserving green areas and pine forests.

scholarly journals Status of water use and water quality in the Khanka Lake basin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.В. ГОРБАТЕНКО
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Many

Для отдельных муниципальных территорий, расположенных в бассейне оз. Ханка, проведена комплексная оценка водопользования, в том числе точечных сбросов загрязняющих веществ предприятиями-водопользователями. Описан состав этих сбросов с указанием характерных для каждой территории и производственной отрасли загрязняющих веществ. Установлены водотоки с наибольшими объемами сбросов. Показано, что самыми загрязненными на протяжении многих лет являются небольшие реки с низкой самоочищающей способностью. Анализируются современные и ретроспективные особенности качественного состава речных вод бассейна в целом, приводится оценка динамики качества отдельных водотоков по удельным комбинаторным индексам загрязнения вод (УКИЗВ). At the level of municipal territories a comprehensive assessment of water use in the Khanka Lake basin, including point sources of polluting substances discharge by water use industrial enterprises, has been conducted. The composition of sewage with an indication of distinctive pollutants for every territory and industrial sector is analyzed. Watercourses for which the volumes of pollutants discharges are the largest are identified. The most polluted of them over the many years are shown to be the small rivers with low self-cleaning capability. The modern and retrospective features of the river water quality in the Khanka Lake basin are analyzed, and the dynamics of the quality of some watercourses using calculated pollution indices is estimated.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Composition of Summer and Winter Foliage of Chiliadenus bocconei

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Buhagiar ◽  
Maria T. Camilleri–Podestà ◽  
Pierluigi Cioni ◽  
Guido Flamini ◽  
Luisa Pistelli
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
Aromatic Plant ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Mediterranean Island ◽  
Different Seasons

The composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained from dry leaves of Chiliadenus bocconei Brullo (Asteraceae subfam. Inulae), a Maltese endemic aromatic plant, collected in two different seasons, was evaluated in this work. The main EO components identified in the summer foliage were camphor (25.6%), borneol (27.1%) and τ-cadinol (13.9%). In the winter foliage τ-cadinol was the most represented compound (59.5%), followed by camphor (13.1). A comparison is also made between the EO composition of the two samples of C. bocconei and the EO obtained from different aerial parts of C. lopadusanus, an endemic plant of Lampedusa Island, another Mediterranean Island.

Toxic Elements in the Soils of Urban Ecosystems and Technogenic Sources of Pollution

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Soils ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Physicochemical Methods

Using physicochemical methods of analysis (XRF and AAS), the elemental composition of urban soils of large urban ecosystems of one of the industrially developed regions of Russia was studied. It was revealed that most of the soils of urban ecosystems have technogenic anomalies in a number of heavy metals and metalloids: As, Co, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cr. An abnormally high iron content in the soils of the region was established compared with the world level and clarke of element in the soils. Without exception, all studied urbanozems are characterized by a high S content. Territories with a moderately hazardous and dangerous pollution level, which amounted to 20% of the studied urban ecosystems, respectively, were identified by the total pollution index. Sources of toxic elements in urban soils are metallurgical, defense, metalworking and chemical industries. The industrial production and toxicant-polluted urban soils considered in the article are a potential source of pollution of natural waters and surface layers of the atmosphere. The soils of cities and sanitary protection zones of industrial enterprises with geochemical anomalies require bioremediation

The ecology and blood clinical indexes of ordinary rascals (Canis aureus Linnaeus, 1757) inhabiting in the mining village of Kashen of the Artsakh Martakert region

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
V.T. Ayrapetyan ◽  
A.Dzh. Minasyan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Canis Aureus ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Given ◽  
Stable Development

In the present work the data received in the territory nearby the Kashen mining centre in the period up to 2018 are discussed. The choice of the locality was not by chance, since, in terms of shelter and food, there have always been concomitant conditions for the stable development of rascals. However, as a result of mining activities, the habitat of these animals has gradually reduced. Our investigations in this sphere can be divided into two stages: Stage 1 –before the start of mining activities in the given terrain, i.e. before 2009, and Stage 2-with the beginning of mining activities, i.e. since 2014. The object of our study were ambient radiation level conditioned changes in blood clinical indexes of ordinary rascals found in Artsakh’s fauna. Researches have been conducted in different seasons across the year. The received data were then compared with the ones obtained before the start of mining activities in the locality. This was done to reveal the consequences of ambient nuclear pollution on blood clinical indexes of animals under study. Rascals’ natural habitat, their preferred territories, the density of population in those territories and other issues related with their mode of living are also discussed in the work.

scholarly journals Seasonal Assessment of Quality of Groundwater from Private Owned Wells in Unguja Island Zanzibar

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-45
Author(s):  
Haji Mwevura ◽  
Moh’d R. Haji ◽  
Wahira J. Othman ◽  
Chukwuma J. Okafor
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Contamination Levels

The Assessment of seasonal changes in groundwater quality is an essential aspect for evaluating pollution level which can be a reflection of the source environment and the activities of man, including the use and management measures. This study examined the effect of seasonal variation on the physical, chemical, and biological properties of groundwater in the Bububu constituency which is located in the West district within the Urban –West region of Unguja Island. The study was conducted using cluster sampling.  Four clusters with a large number of wells were selected for further analysis. The number of wells from each cluster was sampled for physicochemical and bacteriological contamination levels. Samples were collected in two different seasons (Wet and Dry) to allow comparison between the two seasons. Analysis of water samples (N= 52) indicated that the sources are very vulnerable to microbial contamination particularly during the wet season at which 78.85% of the analyzed samples were contaminated with fecal coliform and unfit for human consumption. However, all measured physicochemical parameters were within the acceptable range except the levels of nitrate during the wet season in some samples taken at Kibweni and Sharifumsa which exceeded the recommended level by WHO. There is a need for adequate treatment of water particularly during the wet season as well as serious monitoring and proper regulation by the appropriate authorities to curb the menace and safe guard the lives of people to prevent a possible epidemic.

Assessment of the Geochemical State of Small Rivers Using Fuzzy Set Theory

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
V.A. Nemtinov ◽  
Yu.V. Nemtinova ◽  
A.B. Borisenko
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Oxidation ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Integral Theorem ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Geochemical State

In this paper, for the assessment the geochemical state of small rivers we have solved the problem of identification of a mathematical model of self-purification processes in the rivers with low water consumption. The scheme of statistical testing of the model, allowing to create an adequate model of the object on the basis of available experimental data was developed. Finding areas of acceptable values of the model parameters is carried out during the simulation test, which is based on the Monte Carlo method. Sufficient estimation accuracy of the number of tests is obtained using the Laplace integral theorem. Approbation of the proposed scheme is done on the example of the river Tsna as a receiver of treated wastewater of industrial enterprises of Tambov. As a result of the study, the following processes occurring in the river were identified: aerobic oxidation of organic matter, nitrification, denitrification, plankton growth and death, deaeration of water with air oxygen, protein and urea ammonification, ion exchange and others. At the final stage of the study, an assessment of the geochemical state of water in the studied section of the river was carried out, including forecasts of the content of dissolved oxygen in the water.

scholarly journals Seasonal status of density of phytoplanktons and zooplanktons in Gomti river of Lucknow (U.P.), India

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Preety Singh
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Gomti River ◽  
Aquatic Food Chain ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Aquatic Food

Biodiversity of river Gomti is heavily affected by pollution. Planktons are important biological parameters to access the pollution level. Zooplanktons are the source of food for higher organism and phytoplankton play important role in biosynthesis of organic material and influence the river ecosystem, aquatic food chain and water characteristic. The biological productivity as ecological indicator to identify the ecological quality of river Gomti. The phytoplankton density fluctuated maximum in between the range of (140-900 In/l) during monsoon season and minimum (40-140 In/l) during winter season. Zooplanktons were reported to be highest (168-220 In/l) during winter and lowest (114-155 In/l) during summer season. During study period the total of phytoplanktons (17 sp.) and zooplanktons (10 sp.) were noticed during different seasons. Present study concluded that seasonal differences of planktons density will help in further planning of water management and their use for beneficial purpose like agricultural, drinking for mankind.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE DEGREE OF POLLUTION OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS IN SMALL RIVERS OF ROSTOV REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Ryzhakov ◽  
◽  
D. V. Martynov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Samples Selection ◽  
The Government ◽  
Results Of Biotesting

Purpose: to study the degree of pollution of bottom sediments of small rivers of the Rostov region. Materials and Methods: the research was carried out in 2019–2020 according to the decree of the Government of Rostov region of 25.09.2013 no. 595 and in accordance with the orders of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment no. 432 of 08.10.2014 and no. 112 of 24.02.2014. The work on monitoring the pollution of bottom sediments carried out by the authors included: samples selection, description, conservation, delivery and preparation; conducting an integral assessment of toxicity. The studies were carried out on microalgae according to the biotesting method for inhibiting the growth of unicellular algae Chlorella vulgaris Beijer and ciliates Paramecium caudatum. A sample was considered toxic if the value of the toxic effect was 50 % or more. In case of detecting high toxicity, the repeated sampling to determine the prevailing priority and specific pollutants was carried out. Results: according to the approved research program, 70 samples (33 in 2019, 37 in 2020) at 21 water bodies were selected. As a result of an integrated assessment of the toxicity of bottom sediments of water bodies, an excess was revealed only in two samples taken in 2019 at the site of the river Temernik. Conclusions: the results of biotesting did not reveal an excess of the permissible toxicity values in all areas of water bodies, except for the river Temernik, where a slight excess was revealed (55 %). In this case, when forming a program for the environmental protection measures implementation, more attention should be paid to a number of other environmental problems of water bodies in the region, among which a special place is taken by low water associated with both climate change and excessive water consumption for the needs of economic activities, land plowing to the water's edge, washing out dams and other blocking structures, including due to improper functioning of culverts.

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