Terminological niche of scientific concept and its dynamics (on the example of ecological and botanical names)

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 117-127
Author(s):  
L. P. Mytsyk
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Normative Language ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Competitive Relations ◽  
Time Gap ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Gradual Transformation

On the example of the concepts of «lawn», «phytocoenosis», «ecology» outlines the general laws of the gradual transformation of foreign-language professional word in the scientific term. It is proposed the following definition of the latter concepts. Ecology is a science about relationships of an organism or community of organisms with environmental factors (natural and anthropogenic). The process of formation of a new term, its approval as a full and irreplaceable in the professional language as well as the accuracy and appropriateness of the use will be more clear and expressive, if they come from an analysis of the concept of niche terminology. These words («terminological niche») is called a set of practical and scientific factors that provide or may provide a normal appearance and communicative functioning of the term. Under «normal functioning» of the term we mean the state of its constant use in any style and genre of contemporary normative language understood by the reader according to the signified concept. The proposed understanding of the terminological niche allows in readable position to see the rule that each term pass through the following stages of its development. 1. Free terminological niche stage. At this time, there is no any name of the material or intellectual object (object, phenomenon, point of view, and so on) after the formation of it in reality or in the mind of the author. Between the cause (the appearance of the object) and the effect (the formation of its name), there is a time gap that exists within minutes, but can last for years. 2. Stage of filling the free terminological niche (formation of the term). This time is characterized, among other things, by the existence of professional words mostly as synonymous new object names with their «desire» to leave (as a result of competitive relations of different professional words) to the level of a full indispensable term within the normative language and the specific term system. At the beginning of this stage of professional words (the term precursors) can be used in the narrow circle of specialists or be banned. This is the primary latent (hidden) state of the term. 3. The stage completely filled a niche – during the maturity of the term, its stay at the height of the functional capacity, the situation is universal acceptance of relevant specific of the term designated of its concept. 4. Step regressive niche is time of regression, degradation of the term, which is manifested, among other things, to homonymy, secondary synonymy, reducing in the frequency of use of the term in written and oral texts. 5. Stage of dead niche. The situation is of exhaustion factors that ensure the normal funtioning of the term and the lack of its use in texts. The ability to save the historical meaning of the term indicates the presence of a secondary latent niche. The adjustments in the above-proposed scheme can make cases of return the names of the past and rename concepts. It is shown that the terms are characterized by emotional and expressive component at all stages of their existence. The intensity of expression varies from a minimum periodic manifestations to the maximum expressiveness, which can significantly distort the content of the concept, as is often the case with the term «ecology».

scholarly journals Attitude as an Expressible Info-Operational Reaction to a Perceived/Purposed Object/Objective

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
External Information ◽  
Psychological Concept ◽  
The Social ◽  
Controversial Problem ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Brain

The definition of the psychological concept of attitude is still a controversial problem, and the scholars have not yet reached a consensus on this important issue. The attitude is defined in various ways, as a mental and emotional “construct” not directly detectable, or as a “psychological tendency expressed by evaluating a particular entity”. However, as attitude is an achievement of the mind during the exploration of reality, it is naturally to approach first of all the nature of mind and the relation with the cognition processes from the informational perspective. Therefore, in this paper it is investigated the concept of attitude from a completely new point of view, starting from the informational nature of consciousness. It is shown that the informational structure of consciousness can be fully described by the activity of seven distinct cognitive centers and the attitude can be defined actually as an informational reactive output with respect to an object/objective either perceived or mentally proposed. The attitude is thus the result of a decisional info-processing of an input internal or external information, expressible by the specific informational center managed by the brain associated with this activity, defined suggestively as I want. It is shown that attitude is consequently a function of all other six centers, which intervene in the decisional process as decisional criteria or as priority contributing components, and these centers can become dominant or inactive. In agreement with some previous studies and with the neuro-connections of specific regions of the brain, it is shown that emotions contribute to attitude, but also the personal state, the inherited predispositions, the social interactions, the life experience and the trust in the objective, if this is a proposed project. Associated with the attitude, behavior is different, depending on all cognitive centers.

scholarly journals Student Innovation Process from Self-architecting Point of View

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Mirtaleb Hosseini Kharvanagh
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Innovative Design ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Mind

<p>Love to bubble the innovative creativity within oneself and increase the capacity of creativity capacity in human nature show the most striking difference between him and the other creations and will never be the end for this aim because man has always been following the attainment of immortality and is ahead of its era. The innovative creativity capacity of the mind is the most powerful incentives to form the processes that human could have been successful to represent it till today because human did a lot of searches and endeavors to access the eternity and being vanguard against the time over the time so as to find the solution to this cycle but he couldn’t be successful in this field.</p><p>Lack of access to the innovative internal sources is because the man should at the first step be aware of philosophy, ignorance and life and critic them without the slightest consideration so that by attending self architect be aware of the value and the ability of the mind and by depending on own ingenuity move toward the creation of the new theoretical to outshine the time and lead up to the millennium of those won be and the powerful presence and immortality would be realized that it’s output would be entering into the ultramodern mind cycle. The innovation means creating and providing new vents of the theoretical with the content of vanguard against the time.<strong> </strong>The process of entering to this cycle is so that the student must have believed his ignorance to be able to pass through his mental illness and feels the thirst of knowledge. Now he finds that having the eyes for viewing the wisdom and finding the ingenuity should pass via for main cycle to attend the knowledge and innovation through the sight of his architect (creator). Failure to pass the mentioned process expresses the shuck document with empty reason ownership. Realizing the process of forming own diagram and innovative design in this article has been delivered to the reader as discover page.</p>

What Do Religions Actually Fight About?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Bruno Karsenti
Keyword(s):  
Religious Life ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Gradual Transformation ◽  
Critical Social

In this article, I use a reading of The Elementary Forms of Religious Life to show the relevance of the sociological point of view developed by Durkheim in the analysis and understanding of issues related to the religious conflicts that affect contemporary societies. In particular, I focus on the definition of the critical social function of religion, based on a certain conception of the necessities of action in society and on a gradual transformation of the idea of salvation into a secular context.

The elusory kingdoms of the mind: Glosses on José Luis Caivano’s paper

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Göran Sonesson
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Mind

AbstractPeirce’s best idea, and the one least implemented by himself and his followers, is that of an ethics of terminology. Using this ethics as a tool, we suggest that many Peircean terms are in fact misleading, or, as he said himself at the end of his life, “injurious.” From the point of view of cognitive semiotics, there is no reason to abide by Peirce’s definition of semiosis, but, taking up the two quotes offered by Caivano, we demonstrate that they lead to different results, one being phenomenological and the other formalist. We go on to suggest that Peirce himself cannot have believed in the first definition, because then there could be no point in fallibilism and the community of scholars. In fact, we claim that what the different definitions of the “kingdoms” of nature show is precisely that human beings can liberate themselves from their

scholarly journals Data Science — definition and structural representation

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Pavlo Maslianko ◽  
Yevhenii Sielskyi
Keyword(s):  
Data Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Venn Diagram ◽  
Structural Representation ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Global Understanding ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Terms

This article is a continuation of the discussion on the existing meanings and formalization of the definition of “Data Science” as an autonomous discipline, field of knowledge, clarification of its defining components, integration, and interaction processes between them. It is noted that most scientific results trace the data-centric nature of the presentation and analysis of this discipline, i.e. the emphasis on the word Data. Analysis of the frequency of use of key terms in the definitions of Data Science shows what our colleagues focus on, which terms of the definitions of Data Science they are based on. In this paper, we make and argue certain additions to Drew Conway’s Data Science Venn Diagram, which does not reflect all the resources of the components that define the applied side of Data Science, and, moreover, does not reveal the interaction of these resources not from the point of view of the data researcher, nor in its global understanding. We also propose a unified structural representation of Data Science in the format of an updated Drew Conway’s Venn diagram based on a property/attribute that establishes correspondences that provide integration/interoperability between the elements of the sets of Drew Conway’s Venn diagram. The new definition of Data Science as an interdisciplinary science and methodology of presenting activities for analysis and extraction of data, information, and knowledge is substantiated.

Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Components Of Reading ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.

Dosimetry and optimization in digital radiography based on the contrast-detail resolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Otto Gomes Batista ◽  
Alexandre Gomes De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Inverse Image ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Direct Radiography ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma

Contrast-detail (C-D) curves are useful in evaluating the radiographic image quality in a global way. The objective of the present study was to obtain the C-D curves and the inverse image quality figure. Both of these parameters were used as an evaluation tool for abdominal and chest imaging protocols. The C-D curves were obtained with the phantom CDRAD 2.0 in computerized radiography and the direct radiography systems (including portable devices). The protocols were 90 and 102 kV in the range of 2 to 20 mAs for the chest and 80 kV in the range of 10 to 80 mAs for the abdomen. The incident air kerma values were evaluated with a solid state sensor. The analysis of these C-D curves help to identify which technique would allow a lower value of the entrance surface air kerma, Ke, while maintaining the image quality from the point of view of C-D detectability. The results showed that the inverse image quality figure, IQFinv, varied little throughout the range of mAs, while the value of Ke varied linearly directly with the mAs values. Also, the complete analysis of the curves indicated that there was an increase in the definition of the details with increasing mAs. It can be concluded that, in the transition phase for the use of the new receptors, it is necessary to evaluate and adjust the practised protocols to ensure, at a minimum, the same levels of the image quality, taking into account the aspects of the radiation protection of the patient.

Beérkezett könyvek

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-770
Author(s):  
Csaba Pléh
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
New Science ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Oxford University Press

Danziger, Kurt: Marking the mind. A history of memory . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2008Farkas, Katalin: The subject’s point of view. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008MosoninéFriedJudités TolnaiMárton(szerk.): Tudomány és politika. Typotex, Budapest, 2008Iacobini, Marco: Mirroring people. The new science of how we connect with others. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 2008Changeux, Jean-Pierre. Du vrai, du beau, du bien.Une nouvelle approche neuronale. Odile Jacob, PárizsGazzaniga_n

DIRECTIONS OF ASSOCIATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONAL NAMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Olena Karpenko ◽  
Tetiana Stoianova
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The Brain

The article is devoted to the study of personal names from a cognitive point of view. The study is based on the cognitive concept that speech actually exists not in the speech, not in linguistic writings and dictionaries, but in consciousness, in the mental lexicon, in the language of the brain. The conditions for identifying personal names can encompass not only the context, encyclopedias, and reference books, but also the sound form of the word. In the communicative process, during a free associative experiment, which included a name and a recipient’s mental lexicon. The recipient was assigned a task to quickly give some association to the name. The aggregate of a certain number of reactions of different recipients forms the associative field of a proper name. The associative experiment creates the best conditions for identifying the lexeme. The definition of a monosemantic personal name primarily includes the search of what it denotes, while during the process of identifying a polysemantic personal name recipients tend have different reactions. Scientific value is posed by the effect of the choice of letters for the name, sound symbolism, etc. The following belong to the generalized forms of identification: usage of a hyperonym; synonyms and periphrases or simple descriptions; associations denoting the whole (name stimulus) by reference to its part (associatives); cognitive structures such as “stimulus — association” and “whole (stimulus) — part (associative)”; lack of adjacency; mysterious associations. The topicality of the study is determined by its perspective to identify the directions of associative identification of proper names, which is one of the branches of cognitive onomastics. The purpose of the study is to identify, review, and highlight the directions of associative identification of proper names; the object of the research is the names in their entirety and variety; its subject is the existence of names in the mental lexicon, which determines the need for singling out the directions for the associative identification of the personal names.

DEFINITION OF THE PUBLIC SECURITY AND ORDERLINESS ENSURING MECHANISM IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Marina Aleksandrovna Kalievskaya
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
State Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Security ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Institu Tions ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Definition Of

In this article, a model of the mechanism of ensuring public security and orderliness in accordance with the principles and tasks of the relevant institu- tions in public administration, taking into account resources, technologies, mea- sures for the state policy implementation in the spheres of ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, combating crime, maintaining public security and order. It was found that ensuring public security and order in Ukraine is a mechanism for the implementation of national goals of state policy in the areas of ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, combating crime, maintaining public security and order, by defining tasks according to certain principles. The idea is that if one considers the state policy in the spheres of ensuring the protec- tion of human rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, combat- ing crime, maintaining public security and order as a national priority (purpose, task), then the mechanism of ensuring public security and order in Ukraine needs coordination with the state development strategy. From the point of view of the implementation of the state policy in the areas of ensuring the protection of hu- man rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, combating crime, maintaining public security and order, the mechanism of ensuring public security and order in Ukraine can be considered as the main system providing intercon- nection such elements as institutions (implementing the specified state policy), resources (human resources, logistical, natural and so on, with the help of which it is possible to implement state policy), technologies (skills, knowledge, means and so on the implementation of state policy), measures (action plans), as well as external (internal) threats.

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