Evalution of technical means capabilities for minimisation of technogenic pollution of a near space

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
N. M. Dron ◽  
P. G. Horolsky ◽  
L. G. Dubovik
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Ecological Condition ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Launch Vehicles ◽  
Earth Space ◽  
Near Earth Space ◽  
Near Space ◽  
Space Objects ◽  
Major Factors

The conducted researches are directed on the solution of one of the most important problems of the space use – a problem connected with existence and inadmissibility of growth the quantity of a technogenic origin space debris on low near-earth and geostationary orbits because its further increase will overlap to mankind an exit in space and will terminate space activity. In the basis of a technique of researches the analysis of an existing ecological condition of the surrounding space environment on which base determined the major factors of pollution of the space and considered ways of struggle against space debris on near-earth orbits is put. It is established that the major factors of pollution of the near-earth space are spent stages of launch vehicles and accelerating units, the space crafts which have terminated its existence, fragments of destroyed artificial space objects, operational elements etc. Space debris basically is concentrated on low orbits and around a geostationary orbit which on the basis of the analysis of statistical data on space crafts starts are in most common use. Here groupings of space crafts of the various particular mission, including space crafts of communication, relay, TV, the early prevention of a rocket attack are concentrated. It is shown that the main ways of struggle against space debris are prevention of occurrence new and removal of the already existing debris. Notable decrease in level of the pollution can achieve at cumulative use of such measures, as an exception of explosions of the space objects, limitation of quantity of the started space crafts, reduction of number of the accompanying fragments injected into orbits at starts. Methods and means of withdrawal from working orbits of space crafts upon termination of term of their active existence and known ways and systems of active removal of already existing fragments of the space debris, such as: application of an ionic bunch, the space ship-towing vehicle, the polyurethane foam, the pulsing laser, harpoon system, electrodynamic cord system are considered. Scientific novelty of the presented results consists in the description of conceptual actions for reduction of pollution of the space. The activities executed in the given direction, have huge practical value as the outer space exploration gives huge advantage and significant progress to mankind, but the further operation at near-earth space by existing methods without acceptance of the measures indicated in the article, its further safe development already will not allow in the near future.

Could future COP talks help to de-junk near-earth space?

Soundings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (78) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Susmita Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Earth Space ◽  
Near Earth Space ◽  
Earth Environment ◽  
Outer Space Treaty ◽  
Earth Observation Data ◽  
Earth’S Climate

Space debris has reached alarming proportions and is growing at a frightening pace, because of the expanding number of satellites circulating in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), designed to increase global Internet coverage and provide earth observation data. LEO satellites are now being launched in mega-constellations, including by Elon Musk's company SpaceX. It is time to completely overhaul the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, which was not designed to deal with current problems. The COP forum should therefore include the near-earth environment within its concept of the earth's climate, enabling the UN to acknowledge, as a collective, the growing menace of human-made debris in near-earth space, and, in partnership with the UN-Outer Space Affairs Office (UN-OOSA), call for a new declaration on LEO.

scholarly journals Ecology of Near-Earth Space

2017 ◽  
pp. 126-135
Author(s):  
Elena Nikoghosyan
Keyword(s):  
Space Debris ◽  
Artificial Satellite ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Earth Space ◽  
Near Earth Space ◽  
Electromagnetic Pollution

The technical achievements of our civilization are accompanied by certain negative consequences affect the near-Earth space. The problem of clogging of near-Earth space by "space debris" as purely theoretical arose essentially as soon as the first artificial satellite in 1957 was launched. Since then, the rate of exploitation of outer space has increased very rapidly. As a result, the problem of clogging of near-Earth space ceased to be only theoretical and transformed into practical. Presently, anthropogenic factors of the development of near-Earth space are divided into several categories: mechanical, chemical, radioactive and electromagnetic pollution.

scholarly journals Geoinformation modeling of near-Earth space: current tasks and future prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
P.Yu. Orlov ◽  
M.A. Boyarchuk ◽  
I.G. Zhurkin
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Earth Space ◽  
Near Earth Space ◽  
Technological Search ◽  
Space Industry ◽  
Space Objects ◽  
Geoinformation Modeling ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Hill

The history of space exploration and current near-Earth space objects population are described in this paper. Moreover, the necessity of GIS technologies application to solve space industry tasks and the development of corresponding GIS are explained. The legal and regulatory issues of the near-Earth space GIS project development are touched upon, as well as the classification and options for the target purpose of the system. The stages of technological search and development are presented, as a result of which the Cesium library was chosen. Based on the results of discussions, a decision is made to expand the limits of the modeling space to the outer boundaries of the Hill sphere. In addition, it is noted that the objects of geoinformation modeling of near-Earth space should be not only space objects, considered as three-dimensional, but also the physical fields of the Earth. The results of performance evaluation experiments on SGP4/SDP4 based software tool for predicting space objects position are shown, and the accuracy of this model itself is assessed by reference GPS coordinates. Possible ways of industry tasks that could be solved using the developed near-Earth space GIS are presented; promising routes of the future development including DISCOS data are indicated.

scholarly journals Protection of Space Environment in the Light of Perspective Challenges of “Space Wars”

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
Anna Hurova
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Human Environment ◽  
International Court ◽  
Space Objects ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality

In article it is analyzed action in the space of the principle of prohibition of the use of force and threats (jus contra bellum). Also it is researched application of Geneva Law to space conflicts (jus in bello) and it correlations with another hard and soft norms of international law in the light of protection of space environment such as Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques, Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment 1972, Rio Declaration on Environment and Development 1992 etc. Beside this it is used practice of International Court of Justice for argumentation of positions and conclusions. Since space objects management is done remotely with help of software, author draw parallels between legal regulation of international conflicts in outer space and cyber space. Furthermore, it is researched specific features of application the principle of proportionality in international space armed conflicts with the aim of protection environment of space and Earth.

scholarly journals GRAPE, Solar Terrestrial Physics in an operational environment

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgiana De Franceschi ◽  
Maurizio Candidi
Keyword(s):  
Space Environment ◽  
Ionospheric Scintillation ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Earth Space ◽  
Near Earth Space ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Space Data

<p>[…] The collection of papers that forms this special issue represents the whole amplitude of research that is being conducted in the framework of GRAPE, while also connecting to other initiatives that address the same objectives in regions outside the polar regions, and worldwide, such as the Training Research and Applications Network to Support the Mitigation of Ionospheric Threats (TRANSMIT; www.transmitionosphere.net), a Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) Marie Curie Initial Training Network that is focused on the study of ionospheric phenomena and their effects on systems embedded in our daily life, Near-Earth Space Data Infrastructure for e-Science (ESPAS), an FP7-funded project that aims to provide the e-Infrastructure necessary to support the access to observations, for the modeling and prediction of the near-Earth Space environment, Concept for Ionospheric Scintillation Mitigation for Professional GNSS in Latin America (CIGALA) and its follow-up and extension Countering GNSS High-Accuracy Applications Limitations due to Ionospheric Disturbances in Brazil (CALIBRA), both of which are funded by the European Commission in the frame of FP7, for facing the equatorial ionosphere and its impact on GNSS. The main objective of the present Special Issue of Annals of Geophysics is to collect recent reports on work performed in the polar regions and on the datasets collected in time by the instrumentation deployed across various countries. This collection will set the starting point for further research in the field, especially in the perspective of the new and very advanced space system that will be available in the next few years. […]</p>

scholarly journals Modern radar techniques and the hazard of meteoroids to space platforms

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cevolani
Keyword(s):  
Parent Body ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Meteoroid Streams ◽  
Storm Activity ◽  
Plasma Generation ◽  
Near Earth Space ◽  
Space Objects ◽  
Very High ◽  
Perihelion Passage

Modern radar techniques, and in particular ground based radars, are a powerful tool to observe space objects (natural meteoroids and artificial space debris) on account of their all-weather and day-and-night performance. Natural meteoroids are an important component of the near-Earth space environment and represent a potential risk for all Earth-orbiting space platforms, which could significantly increase in coincidence of enhanced (outburst or storm) activity of meteoroid streams. A review of the currently active meteoroid streams suggests that a few streams have shown a quasi-periodic outburst activity in the two last centuries and may even undergo a storm activity in the next few years. The Leonids, the most intense of meteor showers, present a potentially serious damage to spacecraft in November of 1998 and 1999, after the perihelion passage of the parent body. Impact probability values of storm meteoroids on space platforms in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) were calculated using the data recorded during systematic observational campaigns carried out by the FS radar facility Bologna-Lecce in Italy. Meteoroid flux predictions and directionality, and investigation on impact parameters at very high velocities (up to 71 km/s) for penetration, charge production and plasma generation, are relevant aspects to develop strategies for safe deployment of the near Earrth-orbiting space platforms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document