scholarly journals Modern concept of biological identification of selenoproteins

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-560
Author(s):  
N. V. Stanishevska
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane ◽  
Selenoprotein T ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selenoprotein H

Humans possess 25 selenoproteins, approximately half of which are enzymes (selenoenzymes) required for preventing, regulating, or reversing oxidative damage, while others participate in providing calcium metabolism, thyroid hormone maintenance, protein synthesis, cytoskeletal structure etc. This review examines the latest evidences of the biological effects of selenoproteins according to the method of complex analysis of the material. Selenoprotein P promotes insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes, mediates myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injuries and provides protection against disease by reducing chronic oxidative stress. Selenoprotein T is expressed at the endoplasmic reticulum membrane in all cells during development, but is confined to endocrine tissues in adulthood, controls homeostasis of glucose and prevents neurodegeneration by reducing oxidative stress factors. Expression of selenoprotein K is required for efficient Ca2+ flux into melanoma cancer cells, tumour growth and metastasic potential depend on SelK but it suppresses human choriocarcinoma cells. SelK also serves to maintain the normal physiological functions of skeletal muscle. Selenoprotein N deficiency, caused by mutations in the human gene, promotes myopathy characterized by muscle weakness, spinal rigidity, respiratory insufficiency. Sel N participates in normal physiology of skeletal and smooth muscle tissues. Selenoprotein M is located in the endoplasmic reticulum, characterized by high expression in the brain, antioxidative, neuroprotective activity and regulates intracellular Ca2+ levels. Also, the overexpression of SelM was detected in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Selenoprotein S is mentioned as a regulator of ER stress and inflammatory processes. Selenoprotein F controls cell proliferation by the impact on G1period of the cell cycle. Moreover, it is implicated in the pathogenesis of some types of cancer. The Sel F deficiency reduces the migration and invasive ability of the cells. Knockdown of selenoprotein W in rodents leads to increased release of Ca2+, causes oxidative ultramicroscopic injuries of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria ultrastructure, which in turn increases the levels of inflammatory factors. Selenoprotein H is involved in redox regulation, in tumourogenesis. Knockdown of selenoprotein H decreases cellular differentiation and increases proliferation and migration of cells. Selenoproteins U, V, I, O, R are recently identified and their functions are not clearly known. The data analyzed in the review help determine promising directions in the study of the selenoproteins.

Fbxw7β resides in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and protects cells from oxidative stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinobu Matsumoto ◽  
Yuki Tateishi ◽  
Ichiro Onoyama ◽  
Yasutaka Okita ◽  
Keiko Nakayama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane

scholarly journals Flavonoids as a Natural Enhancer of Neuroplasticity—An Overview of the Mechanism of Neurorestorative Action

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Natalia Cichon ◽  
Joanna Saluk-Bijak ◽  
Leslaw Gorniak ◽  
Lukasz Przyslo ◽  
Michal Bijak
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Neuroplasticity is a complex physiological process occurring in the brain for its entire life. However, it is of particular importance in the case of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Neurological recovery largely depends on the ability to reestablish the structural and functional organization of neurovascular networks, which must be pharmacologically supported. For this reason, new forms of therapy are constantly being sought. Including adjuvant therapies in standard treatment may support the enhancement of repair processes and restore impaired brain functions. The common hallmark of nerve tissue damage is increased by oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, the studies on flavonoids with strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties as a potential application in neuro intervention have been carried out for a long time. However, recent results have revealed another important property of these compounds in CNS therapy. Flavonoids possess neuroprotective activity, and promote synaptogenesis and neurogenesis, by, among other means, inhibiting oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. This paper presents an overview of the latest knowledge on the impact of flavonoids on the plasticity processes of the brain, taking into account the molecular basis of their activity.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Enzyme-Mimetic Activity and Neuroprotective Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Stabilized with Various Ratios of Citric Acid and EDTA

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Estevez ◽  
Mallikarjunarao Ganesana ◽  
John Trentini ◽  
James Olson ◽  
Guangze Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Enzyme Mimetic ◽  
Neuroprotective Therapy

Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (CeNPs) are potent antioxidants that are being explored as potential therapies for diseases in which oxidative stress plays an important pathological role. However, both beneficial and toxic effects of CeNPs have been reported, and the method of synthesis as well as physico-chemical, biological, and environmental factors can impact the ultimate biological effects of CeNPs. In the present study, we explored the effect of different ratios of citric acid (CA) and EDTA (CA/EDTA), which are used as stabilizers during synthesis of CeNPs, on the antioxidant enzyme-mimetic and biological activity of the CeNPs. We separated the CeNPs into supernatant and pellet fractions and used commercially available enzymatic assays to measure the catalase-, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-, and oxidase-mimetic activity of each fraction. We tested the effects of these CeNPs in a mouse hippocampal brain slice model of ischemia to induce oxidative stress where the fluorescence indicator SYTOX green was used to assess cell death. Our results demonstrate that CeNPs stabilized with various ratios of CA/EDTA display different enzyme-mimetic activities. CeNPs with intermediate CA/EDTA stabilization ratios demonstrated greater neuroprotection in ischemic mouse brain slices, and the neuroprotective activity resides in the pellet fraction of the CeNPs. The neuroprotective effects of CeNPs stabilized with equal proportions of CA/EDTA (50/50) were also demonstrated in two other models of ischemia/reperfusion in mice and rats. Thus, CeNPs merit further development as a neuroprotective therapy for use in diseases associated with oxidative stress in the nervous system.

SQUALENE, A VIBRANT MOLECULE DESPITE ITS ONE-HUNDRED-FIVE-YEAR OLD DISCOVERY

2021 ◽  
pp. 205-211
Author(s):  
Jesús de la Osada García
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Functional Food ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvant ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Biological Compounds ◽  
The Impact

Squalene is a hydrocarbon intermediary involved in the biosynthesis of phytosterols and terpenes in plants and of cholesterol in animals. Its discovery backs to 1916. Recent research on biological effects has shown this compound to display antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. When animals accumulate in the liver, this fatty liver does not influence their longevity, but influences both gene expression networks and post-transcriptional protein levels. Combination of squalene with other biological compounds is an open aspect to develop functional food to control oxidative stress and aging in human and veterinary medicine. Its current use in cosmetics or as vaccine adjuvant makes of it a coveted molecule. Traditionally, sharps have been its source. However, the impact of their capture for this purpose is unsustainable and the search for new sources is highly required. The quest for those in order to reach the demand poses new technological challenges.

Abstract #403: The Glutathione Mimic Ebselen Inhibits Oxidative Stress but not Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Endothelial Cells.

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 85-86
Author(s):  
William Kurban ◽  
Salma Makhoul Ahwach ◽  
Melanie Thomas ◽  
Luisa Onsteed-Haas ◽  
Michael Haas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Factors Influencing Academic Stress on Students of University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nham Phong Tuan ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Quy ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen ◽  
Hong Tra My ◽  
Tran Nhu Phu
Keyword(s):  
Academic Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
National University ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of seven factors causing academic stress on students of University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University: Lack of leisure time, Academic performance, Fear of failure, Academic overload, Finances, Competition between students, Relationships with university faculty. Based on the results of a practical survey of 185 students who are attending any courses at the University of Economics and Business - Vietnam National University, the study assesses the impact of stress factors on students. The thesis focuses on clarifying the concept of "stress" and the stress level of students, while pointing out its negative effects on students. This study includes two cross-sectional questionnaire surveys. The first survey uses a set of 16 questions to assess students’ perceptions and attitudes based on an instrument to measure academic stress - Educational Stress Scale for Adolescents (ESSA). The second survey aims to test internal consistency, the robustness of the previously established 7-factor structure. Henceforth, the model was brought back and used qualitatively, combined with Cronbach’s Alpha measurement test and EFA discovery factor analysis. This study was conducted from October 2019 to December 2019. From these practical analyzes, several proposals were made for the society, the school and the students themselves.

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