scholarly journals The influence of light regime on the growth data and pigment composition of the plant Gentiana lutea cultured in vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-266
Author(s):  
L. R. Hrytsak ◽  
A. I. Herts ◽  
N. V. Nuzhyna ◽  
M. M. Cryk ◽  
V. V. Shevchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Regime ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Pigment Composition ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Gentiana Lutea ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Planting Materials

New technologies of reintroduction of plant species presuppose implementing both traditional and biotechnological methods for obtaining certain planting materials. However, plants cultivated in vitro exist in specific conditions that lead to changes in their structural and functional state. This explains why it is hard for them to adapt to ex vitro and in situ conditions. Therefore, there is a need for the development of a multistage method of cultivating in vitro plants that would make the influence on their adaptive mechanism in ex vitro and in situ conditions possible. One of its stages is the optimization of the light regime of cultivation which can both initiate the change of the state of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and increase their bioproductivity stimulating the work of their protective system. This work studies changes in the morphogenesis, growth data and pigment composition of the rare species of Gentiana lutea L. of three populations in the Ukrainian Carpathian (mountains Pozhyzhevska and Sheshul-Pavlyk, plateau Lemska) in vitro focusing particularly on the cultivation light regime. The research has proved the inefficiency of using fluorescent lamps of daylight lamps (LD) type as source of illumination because the low intensity of luminous flux in the area of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), as well as high proportion of wavelength of blue (400–500 nm) and green (500–600 nm) range in the spectrum cause specific reactions of photomorphogenesis, which, despite the high content of pigments in plastids, lead to poor development of root systems, stretching the stems, formation of small leaves with thin leaflet plate, generally low productivity and low adaptive potential of G. lutea plants to ex vitro and in situ conditions. Complement of cold white light lamps to the fluorescent lamps LD type in the ratio of 1 : 1 enables one to increase the intensity of illumination in the field of PAR and raise the fraction of wavelength of red range (600–700 nm). Such light conditions both improve the bio-productivity of G. lutea plants of all three populations cultured in vitro in comparison to the LD type regimen, reducing the content of chlorophyll b and carotenoids in light-harvesting complexes of photosystems and facilitate an increase in the microclonal multiplication factor without using higher concentrations of exogenous growth regulators,which significantly reduces the cost of the process of obtaining planting materials. It was proved that a combination of LD type lamps, cold white light lamps and phytolamps in the ratio 1 : 1 : 0.6 should be used on the final stages of preparation of the planting material of G. lutea before transferring it to ex vitro and in situ conditions. This relates to the fact that the increase of the wavelength of the red range results in the widening of the active surface of the leaves, rise in the content of photosynthetic pigments, and the noticeable growth of the aboveground and underground parts of the plants. The article assumes that the use of such illumination mode will ensure a faster transition of cultured in vitro G. lutea plants from heterotrophic to autotrophic nutrition, improving their adaptive potential and enabling easier adaptation to non-sterile ex vitro and in situ conditions.

scholarly journals Biofertlizer Lumbrical improves the growth and ex vitro acclimatization of micropropagated pear plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
Nataliya Dimitrova ◽  
Lilyana Nacheva ◽  
Małgorzata Berova ◽  
Danuta Kulpa
Keyword(s):  
Woody Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In vitro micropropagation of plants is highly useful for obtaining large quantities of planting material with valuable economic qualities. However, plantlets grow in vitro in a specific environment and the adaptation after the transfer to ex vitro conditions is difficult. Therefore, the acclimatization is a key step, which mostly determines the success of micropropagation. The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of the biofertlizer Lumbrical on ex vitro acclimatization of micropropagated pear rootstock OHF 333 (Pyrus communis L.). Micropropagated and rooted plantlets were potted in peat and perlite (2:1) mixture with or without Lumbrical. They were grown in a growth chamber at a temperature of 22±2 °C and photoperiod of 16/8 hours supplied by cool-white fluorescent lamps (150 µmol m-2 s-1 Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density, PPFD). The plants were covered with transparent foil to maintain the high humidity, and ten days later, the humidity was gradually decreased. Biometric parameters, anatomic-morphological analyses, net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll a fluorescence (JIP test) were measured 21 days after transplanting the plants to ex vitro conditions. The obtained results showed that the plants, acclimatized ex vitro in the substrate with Lumbrical, presented better growth (stem length, number of leaves, leaf area and fresh mass) and photosynthetic characteristics as compared to the control plants. This biostimulator could also be used to improve acclimatization in other woody species

Aging of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in river water and their susceptibility to disinfection by chlorine and monochloramine

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1154-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Chauret ◽  
Kerry Nolan ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
Susan Springthorpe ◽  
Syed Sattar
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts ◽  
St Lawrence River

Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts were aged in waters from both the St. Lawrence River and the Ottawa River. In situ survival experiments were carried out by incubating the oocysts in either dialysis cassettes or microtubes floated into an overflow tank. A significant portion of the oocysts survived in the test waters for several weeks. Oocyst survival in the St. Lawrence River was better in membrane-filtered (0.2-µm-pore diameter) water than in unfiltered water, suggesting that biological antagonism may play a role in the environmental fate of the parasite. Oocysts aged in river waters under in situ conditions and control oocysts kept refrigerated in synthetic water (100 ppm as CaCO3; pH 7.0) were subjected to the same disinfection protocol. Aged oocysts were at least as resistant as, if not more resistant than, the control oocysts to disinfection. This indicates that the oocysts surviving in the water environment may be just as difficult to inactivate by potable water disinfection as freshly shed oocysts. Therefore, water treatment should not be based on the assumption that environmental oocysts may be more easily inactivated than freshly shed oocysts. First-order kinetics die-off rates varied from one river to another (from 0.013 to 0.039 log10·day-1) and from one experiment to another with water from the same river collected at different times. Calculation of the die-off rates based on either in vitro excystation or in vitro excystation in combination with total counts (overall die-off rates) showed that the assessment of oocyst viability by microscopic methods must account for the total oocyst loss observed during long-term inactivation assays of river waters.Key words: Cryptosporidium, survival, disinfection, biological antagonism.

scholarly journals Efecto de Caryodendron orinocense sobre la degradación de la materia seca

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Pablo Losada Aguilar ◽  
Aurora Cuesta Peralta ◽  
Juan De Jesús Vargas Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Animal Sciences

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro and in situ dry matter degradation by including cacay cake (Caryodendron orinocense) on a diet based on Brachiaria dictyoneura. The experiment was developed in an animal nutrition laboratory on the Animal Sciences Faculty at the Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogotá, Colombia, in July 2015. Four treatments were evaluated: B. dictyoneura, cacay cake and two mixtures of B. dictyoneura: cacay cake (80:20 and 60:40). The chemical composition and the in vitro and in situ degradability of the dry matter and the crude protein, at 48 hours were determined. The variables were analyzed through a complete randomized design with four treatments. The inclusion of cacay cake decreased the cell wall-associated with carbohydrate concentration and increased the higher digestibility nutrients; the crude protein and dry matter, in situ and in vitro degradability increased 22, 6 and 38%, respectively. In conclusion, the inclusion of cacay cake on a diet of B. dictyoneura improves dry matter degradation in vitro and in situ conditions.

scholarly journals Dynamics of growth parameters of Gentiana lutea L. in vitro plants under different lighting conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
L. R. Hrytsak ◽  
M. Z. Prokopiak ◽  
O. Yu. Mayorova ◽  
Kh. M. Kolisnyk ◽  
N. M. Drobyk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Spectral Composition ◽  
Light Flux ◽  
In Vitro Plants ◽  
Gentiana Lutea ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Flux Intensity ◽  
Cultivation In Vitro

Aim. Study of the dynamics Gentiana lutea L. plant growth processes in vitro depending on the light regime changes of their cultivation in order to develop a scheme to increase their adaptive potential. Methods. Methods of plant cultivation in vitro, biometric method, as well as ANOVA variance analysis and middle group analysis in pairs using the Tukey test (Tukey test) were used. Results. It is shown that the cultivation of G. lutea plants in vitro using 25 W/m2 light flux intensity in the region of photosynthetically active radiation and the ratio of blue (Eb): green (Eg): red (Er) ranges = 41.8%: 42.7 %: 15.5% triggers non-specific photomorphogenesis reactions for intact plants, which lead to poor root system development, stem elongation, formation of small leaves with a thin leaf blade, overall low productivity and low adaptation potential of G. lutea plants to ex vitro and in situ conditions. Increasing the light flux intensity to 44 W/m2 and increasing the red wave proportion up to 20.3% allows not only to improve the bioproductivity of G. lutea plants which are cultivated in vitro, but also to increase the coefficient of microclonal reproduction without the additional use of exogenous growth regulators. The greatest growth of the aboveground and underground parts, increase in effective leaf surface are observed in vitro plants during cultivation at 135 W/m2 light flux intensity and spectral composition Eb: Eg: Er = 29.5%: 32.5%: 38.0%. Conclusions. It is possible to improve plant bioproductivity by changing the light conditions of plant cultivation in vitro, and, accordingly, to increase the adaptive potential to ex vitro and in situ conditions. Keywords: Gentiana lutea L., in vitro plants, light flux intensity, spectral composition, growth parameters.

Characterization of Human Anulus Fibrosus– and Nucleus Pulposus–Derived Cells During Monolayer Expansion and in Hydrogel Cultures

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. BTRI.S13604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gundula Schulze-Tanzil ◽  
Marion Lemke ◽  
Carola Meier ◽  
Wolfgang Ertel ◽  
Benjamin Kohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleus Pulposus ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Type I ◽  
Collagen Gels ◽  
Anulus Fibrosus ◽  
Tenascin C ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components

In vitro-expanded intervertebral disc (IVD) cells could be a source for disc repair. However, IVD cell characterization still remains challenging and is demanded to detect phenotypical shifts. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine IVD cell expression profile during two- and three-dimensional culturing in direct comparison to in situ conditions. Human IVD tissue was analyzed immunohistologically and anulus fibrosus (AF) and nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were isolated and characterized for cytoskeletal architecture and expression of typical markers (type I, II, and III collagens, aggrecan, decorin, cartilage oligomeric protein, the chondrogenic transcription factor sox9, the tendon markers scleraxis and tenascin C) during 6 monolayer passages using real-time detection polymerase chain reaction and/or immunolabellings. Cells were introduced in alginate and collagen hydrogels and cell morphology and viablility was determined after 7 days. In addition to typical extracellular matrix components, IVD tissue and isolated cells revealed scleraxis expression. In early passages of cell expansion, genes of sox9, scleraxis, and the small proteoglycan decorin were expressed higher, but type I and III collagen genes were expressed lower in NP cells compared with AF cells. However, in passage 6, actin stress fibers increased and the expression levels of sox9 were nearly similar in NP and AF cells. The immunolabeling indicated that the fibroblast marker tenascin C could only be detected in vitro in both cell types but not in situ. Decorin protein expression decreased in both cell types in vitro in passage 6. IVD cells survived in both hydrogel cultures, and some cells elongated in collagen gels.

Egg production rates of Calanus finmarchicus in the Northwest Atlantic (Labrador Sea)

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1270-1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Cabal ◽  
L R Harris ◽  
EJH Head
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Calanus Finmarchicus ◽  
Labrador Sea ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Series Of Experiments

Egg production rates and population characteristics of Calanus finmarchicus were examined in the Labrador Sea during the spring of 1994. Several experiments were conducted in order to compare egg production rates and clutch size using different types of container and in the presence and absence of food. In one series of experiments, individual females were incubated either in petri dishes or in polycarbonate bottles (80 mL) in filtered seawater. In these experiments, clutch sizes and egg production rates were not significantly different. In a second series of experiments, groups of 20 females were placed in containers under three sets of conditions: in the presence of food and with a screen to separate copepods from their eggs (FSCREEN), in the presence of food without a screen (FOOD), and in filtered seawater without a screen (FSW). Average egg production rates of female C. finmarchicus were significantly higher in the FSCREEN treatments than in either of the other two. In these experiments, egg production rates were not obviously related to ingestion rates, and these in vitro observations together with observations of in situ conditions suggest that stored reserves may have been used to fuel, or supplement, reproduction in C. finmarchicus in this area.

Correlated Studies of Cellular Interactions Using TEM, Freeze Etching, and SEM

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
J. P. Revel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Movement ◽  
Cellular Interactions ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Early Developmental

Movement of individual cells or of cell sheets and complex patterns of folding play a prominent role in the early developmental stages of the embryo. Our understanding of these processes is based on three- dimensional reconstructions laboriously prepared from serial sections, and from autoradiographic and other studies. Many concepts have also evolved from extrapolation of investigations of cell movement carried out in vitro. The scanning electron microscope now allows us to examine some of these events in situ. It is possible to prepare dissections of embryos and even of tissues of adult animals which reveal existing relationships between various structures more readily than used to be possible vithout an SEM.

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