scholarly journals Cytogenetic activity of radionuclide contamination of water reservoirs of the alienation zone of Chornobyl NPP

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Yakymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Root Meristem ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Chromosome Rearrangements ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Radionuclide Contamination ◽  
Bottom Deposits ◽  
Total Specific Activity

Thirty years after the accident, the alienation zone of Chornobyl NPP continues to be an open source of radionuclide spread which is carried with superficial and soil waters into river systems and moves beyond the area. The study of mutagenic activity of radionuclide contamination of the water reservoirs in the near zone of Chornobyl NNP will make it possible to predict genetic consequences of their effect in the years after the accident. The purpose of this research is to study frequency and spectrum of chromosome aberrations in root meristem cells of Triticum aestivum L. under the prolonged effect of radionuclide contamination of water and bottom deposits of the water reservoirs in the near alienation zone of Chornobyl NPP. Seeds of winter wheat varieties Al’batros odes’kyi and Zymoiarka were sprouted in the conditions of the effect of water radionuclide contamination of the Prypiat River, Brahinka River, a reservoir-cooler of ChNPP, Semyhodskyi backwater, drainage-way 3 of ChNPP, Lakes Hlyboke and Azbuchyn (total specific activity of 137Cs and 90Sr – 0.17–52.99 Bq/м3) and bottom deposits of the left and right banks of Prypiat canal, a reservoir-cooler of ChNPP, drainage-ways 1–3 of ChNPP (total specific activity of 137Cs and 90Sr – 16.0–45.0 Bq/kg). Frequency and spectrum of cytogenetic disorders were identified in the cells of root meristem sprouts with help of the ana-telophase method. Under the influence of radiation on water and bottom deposits of the water reservoirs in the alienation zone of ChNPP, a 1.6–4.2 times increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations and mitosis disorders was found. The highest levels of cytogenetic activity were shown by water radionuclide contamination in a reservoir-cooler of ChNPP, Semyhodskyi backwater and bottom deposits of drainage-way 2. The correlation between frequency of chromosome aberrations and specific value of radionuclide activity of water reservoirs has not been recorded, which can prove the induction of cytogenetic disorders resulting from the radiation in the low-rate range. The spectrum of cytogenetic disorder types is mostly represented by acentric fragments, bridges and lagging chromosomes. The induction of the cells with lagging chromosomes, which exhibit the highest levels (0.24–0.38%), under the effect of radionuclide contamination of water in Hlyboke Lake, the Brahinka River, the Prypiat River, a reservoir-cooler of ChNPP and bottom deposits of drainage-way 3, allows one to assume the availability of aneugenic factors in the water reservoirs in the alienation zone of ChNPP. The water entities of the alienation zone of ChNPP, the level of radionuclide contamination of which is characterized by a high cytogenetic activity, induce cells with complex chromosome rearrangements of high frequency. Despite the decrease in chromosome aberration frequency effected by the water of the Prypiat River near Chornobyl city, the Brahinka River and bottom deposits of the right bank of Prypiat canal, the increased level of aneugenic cells and the induction of multiple chromosome rearrangements confirm the persistence of mutagenic activity in the abovementioned contaminated water entities.

scholarly journals Differentiation of concentration level of iron compounds in water reservoirs in subsidence depressions in the Katowice Upland

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Robert Machowski
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Level ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Water Reservoirs ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Bottom Deposits ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The One ◽  
Transfer Flow ◽  
Varied Level

Differentiation of concentration level of iron compounds in water reservoirs in subsidence depressions in the Katowice Upland The aim of investigations was to evaluate the influence of varied anthropopression on the concentration of iron compounds in water reservoirs located in subsidence depressions treated as geosystems. Investigations were carried out during period of three hydrological years 2003-2005 within 10 reservoirs located in the Katowice Upland. The presence of iron was systematically measured in water and one time in bottom deposits. Measurements in taken samples were made by means of spectrometer of atomic absorption SOLAAR M6. Results confirmed varied influence of anthropopression on concentration of iron compounds in described reservoirs. It refers to waters and bottom deposits as well. Large differences between reservoirs occurred in a case of iron concentration in bottom deposits. The smallest amounts of it (3.10 g kg-1) were stated in transfer (flow-through) reservoir in Sosnowiec. Maximum values occurred also in reservoir in Sosnowiec, and the level of iron concentration in its deposits amounted to 44.28 g kg-1. Waters were also characterized by varied level of iron concentration. The lowest average values (0.0437 mg Fe l-1) were typical for one of reservoirs in Sosnowiec, whereas the maximum average iron concentration in amount of 0.4331 mg Fe l-1 referred to one of reservoirs in Zabrze. In the described reservoirs dynamic temporal changes in iron concentration in limnic waters was also stated. In every reservoir periods of complete disappearance of this metal occurred, whereas the maximum amounts of it in particular objects changed from 0.1132 mg Fe l-1 in reservoir in the borderland of Bytom and Chorzów up to 1.3744 mg Fe l-1 in reservoir located in Zabrze. The presence of iron compounds in the described water reservoirs on the one hand is shaped by environmental conditions, but on the other hand varied influence of anthropopression decides significantly of their spatial and temporal cycle in the nature.

scholarly journals Dynamics of specific activity of 90Sr and 137Cs in representatives of ichthyofauna of Chornobyl Exclusion Zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-73
Author(s):  
A.Ye. Kaglyan ◽  
◽  
D.I. Gudkov ◽  
S.I. Кіreev ◽  
V.G. Кlenus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Cooling Pond ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Fish Products ◽  
Radionuclide Contamination ◽  
Permissible Levels

The results of the assessment of levels of radionuclide contamination of fish during 2013 - 2019 in the reservoirs of the Chornobyl Exclusion Zone (lakes Azbuchyn, Vershyna, Hlyboke, Daleke, Yanivsky Backwater, Chornobyl NPP cooling pond) are presented. It was found that the concentration of 137Cs in representatives of ichthyofauna of water bodies during the study period continued to decrease, while the concentration of 90Sr, with some exceptions, remained unchanged or increased. The concentration of radionuclides in fish of the studied reservoirs was about 60 - 5000 times for 90Sr and in 3 - 200 times for 137Cs higher than the permissible levels for fish products accepted in Ukraine.

HYDROGENOLYSIS OF CARBOHYDRATES: IV. 1,2-O-ISOPROPYLIDENE-D-GLUCOFURANOSE

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. J. Gorin ◽  
A. S. Perlin
Keyword(s):  
Chromium Oxide ◽  
Oxide Catalyst ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Copper Chromium ◽  
Total Specific Activity

1,2-O-isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose was treated with hydrogen at 180 °C. and 2900 p.s.i. using copper chromium oxide catalyst and dioxane as solvent. The major isolated products were a hexanediol (2.4%), a mixture of hexanetriols (6.5%), a hexanetetrol (4.3%), and an isopropylidene-aldohexose (4.2%) which differed from the starting material. The latter product yielded L-idose on hydrolysis, showing clearly that isomerization of carbon 5 of monoacetone-D-glucose occurs under the reaction conditions used.The diol and the major components of the triol mixture were found to possess a 1,2-glycol group which was derived mainly from the 5,6-glycol group of the original monoacetone-D-glucose. Thus, hydrogenolysis of 1,2-O-isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose-l-C14 afforded the 1,2-hexanediol and mixed triols containing only about 30% of the total specific activity in carbon 1. The tetrol was shown to be 1,2,5,6-hexanetetrol. The results suggest that the carbon–oxygen bonds at carbons 5 and 6 of isopropylidene-D-glucose are least prone to hydrogenolysis and that those at carbons 3 and 4 are most readily cleaved.

scholarly journals Long-term dynamics of radionuclide contamination formation in the industrial іchthyofauna of the Kaniv Reservoir

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
V. Skiba ◽  
N. Prisyazhnyuk ◽  
O. Volkova ◽  
V. Belyaev ◽  
S. Prishlyak
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
137Cs Content ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Radionuclide Contamination ◽  
Carnivorous Species

The aim the study is to determine the temporal parameters of the long-lived radionuclides specific activity decrease in the commercial fish species of the Kaniv Reservoir for the period 1987–2021. Rutilus rutilus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus, Blissa bjoerkna, Abramis brama, Pelecus cultratus (peaceful species) and Esox lucius, Stizostedion lucioperca (carnivorous species) were selected in the middle and lower parts of the reservoir in January 2021 to determine the current levels of radioactive contamination in the representatives of the commercial ichthyofauna of the Kaniv Reservoir. The specific activity of 90Sr and 137Cs was determined in the entire body of fish by conventional radiochemical and gamma-spectrometric methods. The analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the radionuclides content in the representatives of the reservoir ichthyofauna was carried out on the basis of the results of studies of 90Sr and 137Cs content in fish during 1987–2012 and their specific activity in the body in 2021. In 2021, the average specific activity of 90Sr in fish was 0.6–1.6 Bq/kg, 137Cs - 2.4–13.2 Bq/kg. According to the results of previous studies, the average specific content of 90Sr in the fish of the Kaniv Reservoir decreased by approximately 6.5 times - from 60 ± 30 to 9 ± 3 Bq / kg during 1987-1993, and by 2003 it decreased by another 5 times up to 1.8 ± 0.8 Bq / kg and did not exceed the values recorded in freshwater fish in Ukraine before the Chernobyl accident in 1979–1985. Consequently, during the period of 2003–2021 the levels of 90Sr content in fish from the Kaniv Reservoir remained virtually unchanged. Based on the data on 137Cs accumulation in various feeding types fish in the Kaniv Reservoir, time parameters describing a decrease in the element specific activity were determined. During 1987–2021 the rate of decrease in 137Cs content in peaceful and predatory fish did not differ significantly and amounted to 0.10 ± 0.01 year-1, the period of effective half-decrease was 6.7 ± 0.7 years. Analysis of long-term data made it possible to distinguish 2 periods during which the specific activity of 137Cs in the fish organism decreased at different rates. In 1987-2004, 137Cs content levels in peaceful fish decreased from 70 ± 22 to 6.1 ± 2.2 Bq/kg, in carnivorous species - from 202 ± 41 to 19.8 ± 7.6 B/ kg, i.e. approximately by 10–11 times, which corresponds to a half-decrease of about 6 years. In 2004–2021 the element content in peaceful fish decreased to 2.9 ± 0.7 Bq/kg, in predatory fish - to 7.3 ± 4.1 Bq/kg, that is, by another 2–3 times, which corresponds to a half-decrease of 12 ± 3 years. Thus, it was found that the rate of decrease in 137Cs specific activity in fish slows down over time. The obtained parameters will make it possible to predict with a high degree of accuracy the dynamics of the radionuclide contamination formation in ichthyofauna in the event of artificial radionuclides entering aquatic ecosystems as a result of emergency situations. Key words: Kaniv Reservoir, fish, radionuclides, longterm dynamics, rate of decrease.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document