scholarly journals Influence of moderate physical load on parameters of the immune system among residents of contaminated areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Sokolenko ◽  
S. V. Sokolenko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
Training Group ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Therapeutic Exercises

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of physical stress caused by physical activity on parameters of immune system among the residents of areas contaminated with radionuclides. In the 2000–2015 we examined 125 students ofCherkasyStateUniversity, including the control group of people from uncontaminated areas, persons working in a basic physical training group and those with symptoms of vegetative-vascular dystonia, who worked in a therapeutic physical training group. Immune system parameters were analyzed: a day before physical training, immediately after the training and two days after the training to assess the recovery period. Indicators of cellular immunity were determined by immunophenotyping and dyeing on Romanowsky-Giemsa. The level of immunoglobulins in blood serum was determined by radial immunodiffusion on Mancini. The level of cortisol in blood serum was determined by the immunoenzyme method. Here we established that even in the absence of physical activity, some immunosuppression of T-cell immunity was observed in residents of contaminated areas. Working in the basic physical training group resulted in a significant decrease in the relative number of lymphocytes and increasing in the relative number of band neutrophils, which is a typical feature of the early stages of stress response. A statistically significant reduction in relative and absolute number of cells with phenotypes CD3+, CD5+, CD4+ and immunoregulatory index CD4+/CD8+ was observed. There were no significant changes of cytotoxic T lymphocytes with phenotype CD8+ and natural killer cells with phenotype CD16+. Increase of the relative number of B cells, that express CD72 antigen, and growth trend in serum IgM were registered. All parameters analyzed were within the physiological homeostatic norm, however, some reached extreme recommended levels. Recovery period lasted 2 days. Individuals working in therapeutic physical training group did not show statistically significant changes in immune system parameters. Thus, therapeutic exercises don't reach the stress level and can be potentially safe for the natural resistance of the body. So, among residents of areas contaminated with radionuclides due to the Chernobyl accident, moderate load during physical training lessons causes short-term compensatory changes of cellular immunity within the homeostatic norm with effective and rapid recovery. Taking into account the immunosuppression, caused by chronic exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation, it is important to choose exercises, their duration and intensity carefully , giving preference to therapeutic exercises. 

scholarly journals Radionuclide activity and the immune system functioning in residents of radiation contaminated areas

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Sokolenko ◽  
S. V. Sokolenko
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
System Functioning ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Immune System Functioning ◽  
Radionuclide Activity

The objective of this research is to assess the relation of radioactive contamination degree to immune system functioning, in the absence or presence of additional potential immunosuppressants. To achieve the objective, during the period of 1995–2015 we examined 250 people, students of Cherkasy State University, who lived in the areas of enhanced radiation monitoring before. Also we evaluated the additional impact of the emotional stress caused by examinations on examined students. Indicators of cellular immunity were determined by immunophenotyping and dyeing using Romanowsky-Giemsa method. The level of immunoglobulins in blood serum was determined by radial immunodiffusion (Mancini method). The level of cortisol in blood serum was determined by immunoenzyme method. We have found that in absence of the emotional stress among residents of the areas contaminated with radionuclides, cortisol level remained at the upper limit of homeostatic norm. There is an average positive correlation between the activity of radionuclides in the territories of residence and the level of cortisol. There are marked average positive correlations between the activity of radionuclides and the level of neutrophils, and low positive correlations with the levels of IgG and IgM in blood serum. Average negative correlations between the activity of radionuclides and the following parameters are also observed: absolute and relative number of functionally mature T-lymphocytes with phenotype CD3+, absolute and relative number of their helper subpopulation CD4+, absolute and relative number of natural killer cells with phenotype CD16+; and strong negative correlations with immunoregulatory index CD4+/CD8+. Cortisol level shows the similar correlation with the same parameters, but correlation coefficient is lower. Under conditions of additional stress, caused by emotional load during the examinations, cortisol level significantly increases. This enhanced previously discovered correlations and revealed new ones: average negative correlations between radionuclide activity / cortisol level and expression of pan-T cell marker CD5, medium positive correlations with absolute and relative number of suppressor T-lymphocytes with phenotype CD8+, correlation with the level of serum IgG changes from positive to negative. Additional short-term stress factor combined with chronic influence of low doses of radiation increases the dependence of immunosuppression, caused by radiation contamination of the areas where examined students live, and causes failures in the work of compensatory mechanisms, particularly at the level of serum immunoglobulin products. 

scholarly journals Type of physical training and selected aspects of psychological functioning of women with obesity: a randomised trial

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Bąk-Sosnowska ◽  
Magdalena Gruszczyńska ◽  
Damian Skrypnik ◽  
Sławomir Grzegorczyn ◽  
Joanna Karolkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Endurance Strength ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background: We have conducted a prospective randomised trial to check whether a specific type of regular physical training done by women with obesity is related to obtaining specific psychological benefits. Methods: Participants were patients of outpatient clinic suffering from obesity. Finally, 44 women were qualified for the study and divided into two groups: A (n=22) and B (n=22). The applied intervention consisted of regular 3-month physical exercises in the form of endurance training (group A) or endurance-strength training (group B). Initially and after the completed intervention, anthropometric measurements were carried out in each group (height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference), BMI and WHR were calculated, the level of psychological parameters was examined: stress (PSS-10), general self-esteem (SES), body self-report (BSQ–34, FRS), behaviours associated with diet (TFEQ-18). Results: At baseline, groups did not differ in age (A: M=51.3, SD=8.3 yrs.; B: M=48.2, SD=11.2 yrs.) and BMI (A: M=35.2, SD=3.9 kg/m2; B:M=34.9, SD=3.8 kg/m2). As a result of the intervention, both groups had significantly lower anthropometric parameters and FRS decreased significantly with regard to the current figure (gr. A: p<0.001; gr. B: p=0.01) and BSQ-34 result (gr. A: p=0.001; gr. B: p=0.01). Additionally, group B had lower results in TFEQ-18 in terms of cognitive restraint (p=0.01) and emotional eating (p=0.01). There were no differences between group A and B in terms of the magnitude of changes achieved due to the intervention, except from significant improvement (p=0.03) in group A in terms of perception of the current figure (FRS). Conclusions: Three-months long regular physical activity of women with obesity promotes the perception of own body as slimmer and lower body shape concerns. Endurance-strength training enhances cognitive and emotional control in the field of nutrition, it also seems more beneficial in reducing stress levels. In turn, the change in body shape is more noticed under the influence of endurance training. Trial registration: Clinical Trials NCT03444207 Keywords: obesity, physical activity, psychological aspects, body image

Effects of Physical Training on Metabolic Control in Elderly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

1997 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.C. Ligtenberg ◽  
J.B.L. Hoekstra ◽  
E. Bol ◽  
M.L. Zonderland ◽  
D.W. Erkelens
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

1. The specific role of physical activity in the treatment of type 2 diabetes is still subject to discussion. A randomized prospective study was performed, investigating both the influence of physical training on metabolic control and the feasibility of physical training in the elderly. 2. A total of 58 patients (mean age: 62 ± 5 years; range: 55–75 years) with type 2 diabetes were randomized to either a physical training or a control programme. The training programme consisted of three sessions a week, aiming at 60–80% of the maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). The 12 week supervised period was followed by a 14 week non-supervised one. The control group followed an educational programme. VO2max was assessed during exercise on a cycle ergometer. Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) was used as a measure for glucose control, and an insulin tolerance test was performed to test insulin sensitivity. Multivariate analysis of variance, with repeated measures design, was used to test differences between groups. 3. Fifty-one patients completed the study. VO2max was higher in the training group than in the control group both after 6 weeks (P ≤ 0.01 between groups) and after 26 weeks [training group: 1796 ± 419 ml/min (prestudy), 1880 ± 458 ml/min (6 weeks), 1786 ± 591 ml/min (26 weeks); control group: 1859 ± 455 ml/min (prestudy), 1742 ± 467 ml/min (6 weeks), 1629 ± 504 ml/min (26 weeks)]. Blood glucose control and insulin sensitivity did not change during the study. Levels of total triacyl-glycerols, very-low-density lipoprotein-triacyl-glycerols and apolipoprotein B were significantly lower after 6 weeks (P ≤ 0.01, P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.05 between groups respectively), and so was the level of total cholesterol after 12 weeks of training (P ≤ 0.05 between groups). 4. Physical training in obese type 2 diabetic patients over 55 years of age does not change glycaemic control or insulin sensitivity in the short-term. Regular physical activity may lower triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels in this group of patients. 5. Finally, physical training in motivated elderly type 2 diabetic patients without major cardiovascular or musculoskeletal disorders is feasible, but only under supervision.

scholarly journals Роль системи Hp в адаптації показників специфічного імунітету до впливу помірних фізичних навантажень

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
V. L. Sokolenko ◽  
S. V. Sokolenko
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
General Level ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Haptoglobin Phenotype ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to determine the role of haptoglobin phenotype in realization of adaptive responses of cellular and humoral immunity indices to moderate exercise caused by physical training. The study was implemented in the group of second-year students aged 18–20 who lived in the same climatic and geographical conditions for a long period of time. The students didn’t have any acute or chronic diseases and attended the main group of physical training. 60 persons were investigated. Immune system indices analysis was carried out in September before and after physical training lessons. Leukocyte level was calculated using hemocytometer, lymphocyte level was determined on the base of blood smear (dyeing for Romanowsky–Giemsa). Expression of surface antigene by peripheral blood lymphocyte was determined by immuno-fluorescence method with the use of monoclonal antibodies. The level of immunoglobulin in plasma was determined by radial immunodiffusion or Mancini method. To assess the phenotype of haptoglobin (Hp) we used the method of electrophoresis in starch gels. In the course of research we have detected the reduction of the relative and total number of lymphocytes regardless of haptoglobin phenotype in the group of students after physical training; this is a typical feature of the initial stages of stress response. We observed statistically reliable decrease in total number of analyzed subpopulations of T-lymphocyte in the group of students with phenotype Hp2-2 which was obviously the result of changes in the general level of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. In the group of students with phenotype Hp1-1 absolute number of T-lymphocyte with phenotype CD3+ and CD4+ is reduced. In the group of students with phenotype Hp2-1 we have seen only the tendency to decrease in functional mature T-lymphocyte and their helper subpopulation. In the group of students with phenotype Hp2-2 the relative number of helper T-lymphocyte with the phenotype of CD4+ was reduced after moderate physical activity and it caused the decline in immune regulating index CD4+/CD8+. Changes of the level of B-lymphocyte with CD72+ phenotype were not found regardless of the haptoglobin phenotype. Analysis of the impact of moderate physical activity on major classes of serum immunoglobulin revealed the reduction of IgG level in the group of students with phenotype Hp2-2. Thus, we draw the conclusion that serum haptoglobin system shares the adaptive reactions of immune system to moderate physical activity. The most pressing phenotype is Hp2-2. Even in the group of students with immune pressing haptoglobin phenotypes, the analyzed parameters do not go beyond the homeostatic regulations after physical activity and it indicates satisfactory level of immune system adaptation to performed physical activity. 

scholarly journals ENZYMATIC BLOOD INDICATORS AMONG EXAMINED PERSONS WITH DIFFERENT LEVEL OF DAILY PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN TERMS OF POST LOAD RECOVERY PERIOD

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-1) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Marina V Butakova ◽  
Andrey V Grjaznyh ◽  
Pavel N Samikulin ◽  
Elena V Kamshilova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Daily Physical Activity ◽  
High Level

This article presents the results of the enzymes level research in the blood serum among sportsmen-wrestlers and unexercised volonteers. We defined consentration of pepsynogen-1, 2, amylase and lipase activity in the blood serum at muscular rest, just after muscular exercises and 1-2 hours post load period. It is determined that a group of wrestlers with high level of amylase has got the reduced lipase level. Enzymatic homeostasis of blood withing the examined groups showed the resistance to the muscle load. Just slightly changes of pepsinogen-1 level were fixed at the 15th minutes of the stimulated pancreas secretion. Such a load induced various directional shifts of these enzymes withing the examined groups. Considerable changes in hydrolitique blood were found in 2 hours post load period. When amylolitique blood activity reduced, the level of lipase and pepsinogen-1 grew up. Even after 2 hours of rest the level of lipase didn't recover as well as the level of pepsinogens grew up among wrestlers.

Effects of Physical Training on Stuttering

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 767-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Don Franks ◽  
Elizabeth B. Franks
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Group Therapy ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Physical Stress ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Response To Exercise

Eight college students enrolled in group therapy for stuttering were divided into two equal groups for 20 weeks. The training group supplemented therapy with endurance running and calisthenics three days per week. The subjects were tested prior to and at the conclusion of the training on a battery of stuttering tests and cardiovascular measures taken at rest, after stuttering, and after submaximal exercise. There were no significant differences (0.05 level) prior to training. At the conclusion of training, the training group was significandy better in cardiovascular response to exercise and stuttering. Although physical training did not significantly aid the reduction of stuttering as measured in this study, training did cause an increased ability to adapt physiologically to physical stress and to the stress of stuttering.

scholarly journals Effects of age on immune function in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bochen Song ◽  
Dazhi Tang ◽  
Shaojia Yan ◽  
Hao Fan ◽  
Guang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Cell Ratio ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Ifn Γ

Abstract Background There are many diseases in poultry, many of which are caused by poor immune function. It is not clear how cytokines and various immune cell functions change with age in modern broilers. The purpose of this study was to explore the patterns of development of the immunity of the broiler chickens in cage. Results The results showed that there were 3 development patterns of immunity in the broiler chickens. The first pattern was Down-Up. Cytokines and some immune indicators first decreased and then increased, and the lowest levels of immunity basically occurred from d 6 to 13. The second pattern was Up-Down, and from d 30 to 34, the highest levels of non-specific cellular immunity components, such as the peripheral blood mononuclear macrophage ratio, specific cellular immunity components, such as the peripheral blood helper T (Th) cell ratio and T cell and B cell proliferation activity, and mucosal immunity components, such as the ileal CD4, TGF-β1 and IgA mRNA levels, were observed. The third pattern was Up-Up, and the levels of the non-specific cellular immunity components, such as the serum nitric oxide (NO), C3 and C4 levels, the specific cellular immunity components, such as the spleen index, peripheral blood IL-2, IFN-γ/IL-4, cytotoxic T (Tc) cell ratio, and splenic NF-κB mRNA levels, the humoral immunity components, such as the serum IgG level, the mucosal immunity components, such as the ileal MHC-II, CD3d, TCRβ subunit, TCRζ subunit, IFN-γ, pIgR mRNA and ileal mucosa sIgA levels, were continuing to increase from d 1 to 34. Conclusions It could be concluded that the immune system and its function have not developed well in the broiler chickens d 6 to 13 and that the immune system does not mature until d 30 to 34 in the broiler chickens in cages. It is necessary to enhance the immune function of the broiler chickens through nutritional measures from d 1 to 30.

scholarly journals The immune response of T cells and therapeutic targets related to regulating the levels of T helper cells after ischaemic stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian-Yu Lei ◽  
Ying-Ze Ye ◽  
Xi-Qun Zhu ◽  
Daniel Smerin ◽  
Li-Juan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Ischaemic Stroke ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractThrough considerable effort in research and clinical studies, the immune system has been identified as a participant in the onset and progression of brain injury after ischaemic stroke. Due to the involvement of all types of immune cells, the roles of the immune system in stroke pathology and associated effects are complicated. Past research concentrated on the functions of monocytes and neutrophils in the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke and tried to demonstrate the mechanisms of tissue injury and protection involving these immune cells. Within the past several years, an increasing number of studies have elucidated the vital functions of T cells in the innate and adaptive immune responses in both the acute and chronic phases of ischaemic stroke. Recently, the phenotypes of T cells with proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory function have been demonstrated in detail. T cells with distinctive phenotypes can also influence cerebral inflammation through various pathways, such as regulating the immune response, interacting with brain-resident immune cells and modulating neurogenesis and angiogenesis during different phases following stroke. In view of the limited treatment options available following stroke other than tissue plasminogen activator therapy, understanding the function of immune responses, especially T cell responses, in the post-stroke recovery period can provide a new therapeutic direction. Here, we discuss the different functions and temporal evolution of T cells with different phenotypes during the acute and chronic phases of ischaemic stroke. We suggest that modulating the balance between the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory functions of T cells with distinct phenotypes may become a potential therapeutic approach that reduces the mortality and improves the functional outcomes and prognosis of patients suffering from ischaemic stroke.

scholarly journals The beneficial effects of physical preoperative and postoperative training for the cognitive function in cardiosurgical patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Trubnikova ◽  
I Tarasova ◽  
E Moskin ◽  
Y Argunova ◽  
D Kupriyanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Preoperative Training ◽  
Cabg Patients ◽  
Cycling Training

Abstract Background and aim The cardiac surgery patients have an increased risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD). The positive healing effects of physical exercise was demonstrated early in patients with cognitive impairment. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of physical preoperative and postoperative training for the cognitive function in patients undergoing on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods We analyzed the neurophysiological data from 125 male coronary artery disease (CAD) patients who participated in two sub-studies: the patients with a short preoperative course of treadmill training (n=33) and with postoperative aerobic exercise training (n=92). The study of preoperative physical training included CABG-candidates, which were divided into 2 groups: with (n=17) and without training (n=16). The preoperative physical training consisted of a 5–7 day course of intensive training on a treadmill. The study with postoperative aerobic exercise training enrolled CAD patients, undergoing on-pump CABG, which were divided into 2 groups: with supervised cycling training (n=39) and without training (n=53). Three-week trainings course began on the 14-th day after CABG. The patients with and without preoperative and postoperative physical training were comparable in terms of preoperative characteristics and intraoperative parameters. The patients were underwent the neuropsychological and EEG examination to assess postoperative changes in neurophysiological performance. Results The patients with preoperative treadmill training had the POCD incidence at 7–10 days after GABG in 44% cases vs. 74% - in the group without training. The relative risk of POCD developing in the patients with preoperative training was: OR=0.24, 95% CI: 0.07–0.81, Z=2.297, p=0.02. Additionally, the patients with preoperative training demonstrated a lower power in the theta (4–6 Hz) and beta1 (13–20 Hz) frequency ranges 7–10 days after CABG. The patients with postoperative cycling training also demonstrated better cognitive function at 1 month after CABG compared to the patients without training. The incidence of POCD was 21% in the cycling training group vs. 44% – in the group without training. The relative risk of POCD developing was: OR=0.23, 95% CI: 0.09–0.60, Z=3.041, p=0.0024. Also, it was found that the postoperative cycling training group showed a lower percentage theta power increase at 1 month after CABG. Conclusion Both the short preoperative and three-week postoperative physical training course can produce beneficial effects on the postoperative neurophysiological status in CABG patients. The engagement of physical training in the rehabilitation program of CABG patients can improve cognitive functioning after cardiac surgery. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Foundation. Main funding source(s): RFBR and Kemerovskaya region

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