scholarly journals Особливості накопичення важких металів органами та тканинами мікромамалій у різних за ступенем забруднення біогеоценозах

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
О. А. Zemliany
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Technogenic Contamination

Microelements accumulation features are considered in micromammals’ organism taken from different degrees transformation biogeocoenosis of Dnipropetrovs’k region. Coefficients of accumulation are defined in different organs and tissues. Accumulation of heavy metals in the micromammals’ organism in different ecosystems, with a different technogenic contamination is heterogeneous. Organs which defined asconcentrators are spleen, heart and gonads. They have primary accumulation of heavy metals. Organs–deconcentrators are those which have active extraction of microelements (liver, kidneysand and intestine). Tendency to the decline of microelements accumulation intensity in animals from strongly transformed biogeocoenosis are stated. Formation of the special barriers of accumulation and excretion from organism by organs–deconcentrators testifies to making an adaptive mechanism at the level of physiology-biochemical processes and, first of all, the metabolism intensification.

scholarly journals Role of Melatonin in Plant Tolerance to Soil Stressors: Salinity, pH and Heavy Metals

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5359
Author(s):  
Mohamed Moustafa-Farag ◽  
Amr Elkelish ◽  
Mohamed Dafea ◽  
Mumtaz Khan ◽  
Marino B. Arnao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Free Radical Scavenger ◽  
Radical Scavenger ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Chemical Pollutants ◽  
General Metabolism ◽  
Cell Redox Status

Melatonin (MT) is a pleiotropic molecule with diverse and numerous actions both in plants and animals. In plants, MT acts as an excellent promotor of tolerance against abiotic stress situations such as drought, cold, heat, salinity, and chemical pollutants. In all these situations, MT has a stimulating effect on plants, fomenting many changes in biochemical processes and stress-related gene expression. Melatonin plays vital roles as an antioxidant and can work as a free radical scavenger to protect plants from oxidative stress by stabilization cell redox status; however, MT can alleviate the toxic oxygen and nitrogen species. Beyond this, MT stimulates the antioxidant enzymes and augments antioxidants, as well as activates the ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) cycle to scavenge excess reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, we examine the recent data on the capacity of MT to alleviate the effects of common abiotic soil stressors, such as salinity, alkalinity, acidity, and the presence of heavy metals, reinforcing the general metabolism of plants and counteracting harmful agents. An exhaustive analysis of the latest advances in this regard is presented, and possible future applications of MT are discussed.

scholarly journals Heavy metals and their general toxicity for plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darinka Gjorgieva Ackova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Chemical Form ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Metal Metal ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Programmes ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Heavy metals are important environmental pollutants, and their toxicity is a serious problem of great concern for environmental, ecological, nutritional and toxicological reasons. Metals can affected long list of physiological and biochemical processes in plants and their toxicity varies with plant species, particular metal, metal concentration and it chemical form. Throughout the world, researches have been conducted extensive investigations to determine the effects of toxic heavy metals on plants. The process is still going on and the need of intensification of the research programmes for better understanding of heavy metal toxicity is evident.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METALS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CORN VARIETIEShttps://doi.org/10.32014/2021.2518-1483.28

REPORTS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (336) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
A. M. Digarbaeva ◽  
A. N. Kaliyeva ◽  
E. A. Kirshibayev ◽  
M. R. Bahtybaeva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Heavy metals are some of the most harmful chemicals in the environment today. Today, many scientists believe that the main factor that negatively affects the plant in saline conditions is the osmotic effect of salts. In conditions of soil salinity, the lack of plants causes dehydration of proteins, which negatively affects the physiological and biochemical processes of plants. Plants absorb heavy metals in different ways. It absorbs heavy metals from the soil through the roots and from the air through the stomata of the leaves, mainly through dust. The aim of the research is to study the influence of heavy metals on the physiological and biochemical processes of growth and development of maize varieties. The article presents the research results of the heavy metals influence on the elongation of seedlings and the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments during the germination of maize varieties. It is obvious that heavy metals affect the growth and plant development from the initial germination stage of corn kernels. The results of monitoring various effects of heavy metals on photosynthetic pigments are also presented. In addition, the length of the above- water and underground parts of the biomass, the ratio of dry weight to actual weight is the heavy metals effect on plants. For example, the leaves turned dark green, the stems twisted, did not fully open and turned pink. Under the influence of heavy metals, plant development, metabolism and photosynthesis are disrupted, as well as the normal course of respiration and photosynthesis. According to the results obtained, the impact of heavy metals on maize varieties significantly inhibits the accumulation and growth of biomass. In particular, the processes of plant root growth are suppressed. Differences in the tolerance of different varieties of heavy metals can be explained by their varietal characteristics and genetic basis. Currently, there is a theoretical and practical interest in the identification of ion-resistant forms of heavy metals, their ability to detect and reveal their nature, the development of ways to increase the impact and resistance of heavy metals on plants. Formulating the results of the study, it was found that different heavy metals concentrations (CuSO4 and CdSO4) negatively affect the growth of corn varieties. This can be seen from the tables below (tables 1, 2, 3, 4).

scholarly journals Transference of metals in the soil‐food chain system:   of Caspian Sea sturgeons

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 138-143
Author(s):  
V. A. Chaplygin ◽  
T. S. Ershova ◽  
V. F. Zaitsev
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Trophic Chain ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
The North

Aim. Identification of metal transference characteristics in components of the ecosystem of the north‐western part of the Caspian Sea.   Material and Methods. Sampling was carried out according to generally accepted  methods and the determination of heavy metals was carried out by atomic absorption spectroscopy using an atomic absorption spectrometer with electro‐thermal  atomization MGA‐915 MD.   Results. In studying the migration of trace elements in the trophic chains of the  Caspian Sea sturgeon species it was found that: (a) chromium, manganese and iron  do not accumulate along the trophic chain researched; (b) accumulation of lead and  cobalt above the trophic level occupied by benthic invertebrates did not occur; (c)  cadmium, nickel and copper were accumulated primarily by benthic organisms,  while cadmium and nickel accumulated in the kidneys of Russian and Persian sturgeons and copper accumulated in the liver of both species (d) bioaccumulation of  zinc occurs sequentially in the links: soil‐water‐benthic invertebrates‐benthophage  fish (in Russian and Persian sturgeons in their kidneys, liver and muscles) and (e)  mercury migrates along the links of the food chain, accumulation coefficients increasing progressively in the system: soil‐Didacna mollusc‐benthophage fish (in  Russian and Persian sturgeons in their kidneys, liver and muscles).   Conclusion. The accumulation of heavy metals from water amongst aquatic organisms depends on the properties of the metal, its involvement in biochemical processes, species, biological status and the nature of abiotic living conditions. 

3-D imaging of cells using a confocal laser scanning microscope and digital image processing

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Jovin ◽  
Michel Robert-Nicoud ◽  
Donna J. Arndt-Jovin ◽  
Thorsten Schormann
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser Scanning ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscope ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Adjacent Structures

Light microscopic techniques for visualizing biomolecules and biochemical processes in situ have become indispensable in studies concerning the structural organization of supramolecular assemblies in cells and of processes during the cell cycle, transformation, differentiation, and development. Confocal laser scanning microscopy offers a number of advantages for the in situ localization and quantitation of fluorescence labeled targets and probes: (i) rejection of interfering signals emanating from out-of-focus and adjacent structures, allowing the “optical sectioning” of the specimen and 3-D reconstruction without time consuming deconvolution; (ii) increased spatial resolution; (iii) electronic control of contrast and magnification; (iv) simultanous imaging of the specimen by optical phenomena based on incident, scattered, emitted, and transmitted light; and (v) simultanous use of different fluorescent probes and types of detectors.We currently use a confocal laser scanning microscope CLSM (Zeiss, Oberkochen) equipped with 3-laser excitation (u.v - visible) and confocal optics in the fluorescence mode, as well as a computer-controlled X-Y-Z scanning stage with 0.1 μ resolution.

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