scholarly journals Bactericidal, protistocidal, nematodicidal properties and chemical composition of ethanol extract of Punica granatum peel

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Palchykov ◽  
V. V. Zazharskyi ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko ◽  
P. O. Davydenko ◽  
O. M. Kulishenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Vitro Analysis

We have studied the chemical composition and antibacterial profile of ethanolic extract of Punica granatum L. (Lythraceae) on strains of microorganisms in vitro. Analysis using GC-MS showed 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (36.6%), D-sucrose (23.2%), sorbitol (6.7%), palmitic acid β-monoglyceride (5.6%), 2-furancarboxaldehyde (3.5%) and β-D-glucopyranose (3.3%) as the major components of the title extract. The experiment revealed a positive antibacterial effect of extracts obtained from P. granatum on 14 strains specifically Enterobacteriaceae microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aegorenеs, Proteus vulgaris, Serratia marcescens, Klebsiella pneumonia), Listeriaceae (Listeria ivanovi, L. іnnocua, L. monocytogenes) and yeasts from the family Saccharomycetaceae (Candida albicans). Our study showed that in many cases these extracts more intensively affect multi-resistant strains of microorganisms than macrolide antibiotic azithromycin and is therefore a source of molecules to be exploited in medicine or by the pharmaceutical industry. The investigated extracts of P. granatum can be recommended for further in-depth research against poly-resistant strains of the above-mentioned microorganisms. Effective drugs perform a leading role in providing stable veterinary well-being of livestock and healthcare of the population. The present study showed that the studied plant species more intensively affects multi-resistant strains of microorganisms than sodium salt of azithromycin. Lethal concentration (LC50) of ethanol extract from pomegranate for Paramecium caudatum Ehr. equaled 0.3%. Death of 100% of nematode larvae of Strongyloides papillosus (Ihle) was recorded during 24 h exposition in 20% extract of P. granatum peel.

scholarly journals Determination of Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plant Cassia obtusifolia L. (Chakunda) Leaf Extract on Selected Pathogenic Microbes

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cassia Obtusifolia

Pathogenic microorganisms are major health concerns of infectious diseases. In the present study ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Cassia obtusifolia leaves from Kushtia region (Bangladesh) were subjected to evaluate the in vitro microbial activity against six important human pathogenic bacteria viz., Bacillus subtilis (001-1), Sarcina lutea (002-1), Xanthomonas campestris (004-1), Escherichia coli (005-1), Klebsiella pneumonia (006-1) and Pseudomonas sp. (010-1) employing disc diffusion method. The crude methanolic extract of C. obtusifolia produced maximum area of inhibition (14 mm) against S. lutea (002-1) and crude ethanolic extract of C. obtusifolia produced the largest area of inhibition (11 mm) against K. pneumonia (006-1). The MIC values (256 μg/ml, 512 μg/ml) were obtained from the methanolic isolate and ethanolic extract that produced 4 mm and 3 mm area of inhibition against S. lutea (002-1) and K. pneumonia (006-1). The methanol extract showed greater activity than ethanol extract. The most susceptible bacterial strains to ethanol and methanol extracts were S. lutea (002-1) and K. pneumonia (006-1). So, it may be possible that the production of a new antibiotic from C. obtusifolia L. leaf may be recommended for meningitis and pneumonia. The findings of this research suggest that the extracts of C. obtusifolia L. can be a source of natural antibacterial agents with pivotal applications in pharmaceutical companies to control pathogenic bacteria causing severe illness in humans.

scholarly journals Phytochemical profiling, antioxidant potentiality and antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts of Rosenvingea sp. of Bay of Bengal

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Md Abdul Alim ◽  
Md Farzanoor Rahman ◽  
Tamim Ahsan ◽  
Toufiqul Islam ◽  
Md Morshedul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Agar Disc

The objective of the present study was to explore the phytochemical profiling, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of 50% ethanolic extract of Rosenvingea sp. found in the Bay of Bengal of Bangladesh. Seven phytochemicals were tested from the ethanolic extract of Rosenvingea, where four phytochemicals, namely steroid, glycosides, alkaloids, and tannins were present. However, ethanol extract exhibited low antioxidant activity compared to standard ascorbic acid as measured by DPPH-Free radical scavenging assay. In Brine Shrimp lethality bioassay, 50% ethanolic extract showed an LC50 value of 10.88 mg/mL, whereas positive control (K2Cr2O7) showed LC50 59.97 µg/mL suggesting the less toxic property of the ethanolic extract. In-vitro antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Rosenvingea sp. was investigated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria species (Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Klebsiella) by agar disc diffusion method. The highest antibacterial activity was noticed against Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus hominis with a zone of inhibition of 5.00±1.00 mm, 3.66±0.57 mm, and 3.33±0.57 mm, respectively. This is the first study on Rosenvingea sp. from the Bay of Bengal, reporting its phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial potentiality. However, more study is required to elucidate its commercial viability in the food and medicine industries. J. Bangladesh Acad. Sci. 45(1); 59-71: June 2021

In Vitro Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Myrsine africana against laboratory Strains of Pathogenic Organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4512
Author(s):  
Jackie K. Obey ◽  
Anthoney Swamy T* ◽  
Lasiti Timothy ◽  
Makani Rachel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Myrsine Africana

The determination of the antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition) and minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal plants a crucial step in drug development. In this study, the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract of Myrsine africana were determined for Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The zones of inhibition (mm±S.E) of 500mg/ml of M. africana ethanol extract were 22.00± 0.00 for E. coli,20.33 ±0.33 for B. cereus,25.00± 0.00 for S. epidermidis and 18. 17±0.17 for S. pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) is the minimum dose required to inhibit growth a microorganism. Upon further double dilution of the 500mg/ml of M. africana extract, MIC was obtained for each organism. The MIC for E. coli, B. cereus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae were 7.81mg/ml, 7.81mg/ml, 15.63mg/ml and 15.63mg/ml respectively. Crude extracts are considered active when they inhibit microorganisms with zones of inhibition of 8mm and above. Therefore, this study has shown that the ethanol extract of M. africana can control the growth of the four organisms tested.

scholarly journals Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome As a Potential Dental Plaque Preventive Agent

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Triana Hertiani ◽  
Sylvia Utami Tunjung Pratiwi ◽  
Iramie Duma Kencana Irianto ◽  
Aini Febriana
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Kaempferia Galanga ◽  
Degradation Activity ◽  
Biofilm Inhibitor

Dental plaque prevention can be achieved by inhibition of mouth cavity microbes to built biofilm. Kaempferia galanga rhizome has been known as a potential antibacterial agent. This research aimed to reveal the potency of Kaempferia galanga extract and essential oil as anti plaque active agents, based on their in vitro inhibitory activity against the planktonic growth and biofilm of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 21752. Kaempferia galanga extract was obtained by defatting dried-pulverized samples in petroleum ether prior to immersion in 70% ethanol. The fresh rhizome was steam-hydro distilled for 6 h to yield the essential oil. Antibacterial and anti biofilm assays were measured by micro dilution technique on polystyrene 96-wells micro titer plates at 37°C. The percentage of inhibition was calculated by comparing the absorbance of samples to the vehicle (control) measured by micro plate reader at 595 nm. Biofilms formed were first stained by 1% crystal violet. The above assays were performed in triplicates. This study revealed that both K. galanga rhizome essential oil and ethanolic extract showed antibacterial and antibiofilm activity towards S. mutans. The ethanol extract showed MIC90 value at 0.091% w/v and MBC at 2.724% w/v for antibacterial activity; IC50 at 0.048 % w/v for anti biofilm formation activity; and EC50 at 0.052%w/v for biofilm degradation activity. Until the highest concentration tested (0.6%w/v), the MIC90 and MBC values of the essential oil were not revealed, but higher biofilm inhibitory activity i.e. IC50 at 0.025 % w/v; and EC50 at 0.034 %w/v were observed. Key words: biofilm inhibitor, antibacterial, Kaempferia galanga

In silico Repurposing of Anticancer Drug (5-Fluorouracil) as an Antibacterial Agent against Klebsiella pneumoniae

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amey Sharma ◽  
Apoorva Rana ◽  
Lakshya Mangtani ◽  
Aakanksha Kalra ◽  
Ravi Ranjan Kumar Niraj
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Thymidylate Synthase ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Homology Modelling ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Analysis

Background: Infections caused by drug resistant microorganisms have been increasing worldwide thereby being one of the major causes of morbidity in the 21st century. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one such bacteria causing lung inflammation, lung injury and death. Emergence of hyper-virulent and drug resistant species such as ESBL and CRKP has made this microbe a serious and urgent threat. The pace of emergence of these species is outgrowing the development of novel drug and vaccine candidates thereby focusing on drug repurposing approach. Objective: 1. Homology Modelling of Thymidylate Synthase. 2. Verification of Modelled Structure. 3. Molecular Docking. 4. Molecular Dynamic Simulation of Docked Complex. 5. In vitro analysis of 5-FU activity against Klebsiella pneumonia. Method: The 3-D structure of Thymidylate Synthase was predicted using Swiss-Model server and validated by in silico approaches. - Determination protein-protein interactions using STRING database. - Molecular docking. - MD simulations of 5-FU with predicted structure of thymidylate synthase. - In vitro antimicrobial drug sensitivity assay at different concentrations. Result: Hydrogen bond was observed in Molecular Docking - Protein-ligand complex remains stable during simulation. - 5-FU shows antimicrobial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia during In vitro study. Conclusion: Both In silico as well as in vitro analysis have indicated that 5-FU can potentially be developed as an antimicrobial agent towards Klebsiella pneumonia

Comparative studies of the antimicrobial effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola on Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Winful ◽  
Olanikpekun Idowu ◽  
Opeoluwa O. Fasanya ◽  
Nkechi E. Egbe
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Antimicrobial resistance has become a global health problem. Although a wide range of chemotherapeutic antimicrobials are available for treatment of microbial related infections and diseases, development of resistance to these chemotherapeutic agents is rapidly on the increase. Extracts from some plants have shown some promise in antimicrobial activity. This has led to the screening of several medicinal plants for their potential antimicrobial activity. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial effect of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola against Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans in vitro. The Garcinia kola seeds extracts were obtained using 70% ethanol and distilled water respectively. Phytochemical screening of Garcinia kola revealed the presence of various potent phytochemicals such as tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids and glycosides. Both extracts of the seeds were investigated for antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion and agar well diffusion sensitivity tests. The ethanol extract produced zones of inhibition of about 7.3 mm for Candida albicans only at a concentration of 800mg/ml for the disc diffusion test. For the agar well diffusion test, the aqueous extract produced zones of inhibition of about 9.5 mm, while the ethanol extract produced zone of inhibition of 19 mm against Candida albicans at a concentration of 800 mg/ml. However, at the same concentration, the ethanol extract produced zones of inhibition of about 8.5 mm against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The findings of this study revealed that Garcinia kola was not effective in treating Klebsiella pneumonia infections but has potential in treating Candida albicans infections. Keywords: Garcinia kola, Klebsiella pneumonia, Candida albicans

scholarly journals INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA LEAVES PRE-INCUBATED WITH THEOPHYLLINE AND ASPIRIN ON ISOLATED GUINEA PIG TRACHEAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Marianne Marianne ◽  
Urip Harahap ◽  
Emil Salim ◽  
Dadang Irfan Husori ◽  
Fahrumsyah Jali Rambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Relaxant Effect ◽  
Significant Difference

 Objectives: The objectives of the study were to examine the inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Eriobotrya japonica leaves (EEEJL) pre-incubated with theophylline and aspirin on isolated guinea pig tracheal chains against acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contraction.Methods: The effect of EEEJL (1-8 mg/Ml) on the isolated tracheal strips was tested in vitro. Furthermore, the mechanism of relaxant effects of EEEJL was evaluated in the presence of theophylline and aspirin.Results: The contractile response evoked by Ach (1.25 × 10−3 M) was decreased by EEEJL (effective concentration50 = 1.36 mg/mL) and has no significant difference of relaxant effect to that of EEEJL pre-incubated with theophylline and aspirin (p>0.05).Conclusion: The EEEJL decreased the ACh-induced contraction through the inhibition of PDE and the protective effect on prostaglandin E2.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTHELMINTIC AND ANTI-AMYLASE PROPERTIES OF GARCINIA PEDUNCULATA ROXB. ETHANOLIC EXTRACT

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Pinky Sarmah ◽  
Nako Kobing ◽  
Jyotchna Gogoi ◽  
Ananta Madhab Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Death Time ◽  
Control Sets ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
And Control

<p><strong>Objective</strong>:<strong> </strong>The present study aims to investigate <em>in vitro</em> anthelmintic and anti-amylase properties of the ethanolic fruit extract of <em>Garcinia pedunculata</em>.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>:<strong> </strong>For the study, mature fruits of <em>G. pedunculata</em> were collected from local markets during April-May. Fleshy pericarps of fruits were chopped into small pieces, dried and extracted by using a Soxhlet apparatus. Ethanol extract of <em>G. pedunculata</em> was used for evaluation of <em>in vitro</em> anthelmintic and anti-amylase activities. <em>In vitro</em> anthelmintic activity was evaluated in animal models, <em>Pheretima posthuma</em>, an earthworm species. <em>In vitro</em> anti-amylase activity was evaluated by using zymographic, achromic point analysis (Starch-Iodine method) and spectrophotometric method [Di Nitro Salicylic acid (DNS)–Maltose method].</p><p><strong>Results</strong>:<strong> </strong>Ethanolic extract of <em>G. pedunculata</em> showed anthelmintic activity at a concentration of 75 mg/ml, paralysis and death timing was reported at 0.62±0.26 min and 1.42±0.07 min, respectively. The reference standard (Albendazole) showed paralysis time: 2.13±0.28 min and death time: 5.12±0.29 min. In the anti-amylase study, a zymographic density analysis of <em>G. pedunculata</em> showed significant variation in band intensity as compared to Starch–Iodine achromic point analysis and DNS–Maltose method. A concentration of 1.5 mg/ml of extract showed inhibition of amylase: 67.65±1.53 % as compared to other concentrations and control sets.</p><strong>Conclusion</strong>:<strong> </strong>It could be concluded that ethanolic extract of <em>G. pedunculata</em>has biological properties which could be utilised in medicine by characterising its bioactive components.<p> </p>

scholarly journals In vivo Neurological, Analgesic and In vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Leaf and Stem Bark of Wedelia chinensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
Sayema Khanum ◽  
Md Shahid Sarwar ◽  
Mohammad Safiqul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities

Wedelia chinensis is a widely used anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective medicinal plant in Bangladesh. In this study, analgesic, neurological, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of the ethanolic extract of leaf and stem bark of W. chinensis were investigated. Oral administration of the ethanolic extract of W. chinensis (200- and 300-mg/kg body weight) was investigated on animal model for neurological activity using open field test and hole cross test. Acetic acid induced writhing method was used to assess the analgesic activity. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl, 2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging assay was used for determining the antioxidant activity, while brine shrimp lethality bioassay was used for investigating cytotoxicity. The ethanol extract of the plant produced significant reduction (P<0.05) of locomotion in both doses (200- and 300-mg/kg body weight) indicating pronounced neurological activity. Oral administration of alcoholic leaves and stem extracts significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited writhing response in mice. The percentage of scavenging of DPPH free radical was found to be concentration dependent with IC50 value of 44.10 ± 0.65 and 38.96 ± 0.50 μg/ml for leaves and stem extracts, respectively. Our findings indicate that W. chinensis may be a source of natural antioxidant with potent analgesic, neurological and cytotoxic activities. Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 22(1): 18-26, 2019

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activity ofPunica granatumPeel Ethanol Extract againstSalmonella

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jang-Gi Choi ◽  
Ok-Hwa Kang ◽  
Young-Seob Lee ◽  
Hee-Sung Chae ◽  
You-Chang Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Etoh Extract ◽  
Histological Damage

Punica granatumis commonly used in Korea as a traditional medicine for the treatment of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we investigated thein vitroandin vivoantimicrobial activity ofP. granatumpeel EtOH extract (PGPE) against 16 strains ofSalmonella. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of PGPE were in the range of 62.5–1000 x03BCg mL-1. In addition, thein vivoantibacterial activity of the PGPE extract was examined in aS. typhimuriuminfection mouse model. Mice were initially infected withS. typhimuriumand then with PGPE. The extract was found to have significant effects on mortality and the numbers of viableS. typhimuriumrecovered from feces. Although clinical signs and histological damage were rarely observed in the treated mice, the untreated controls showed signs of lethargy and histological damage in the liver and spleen. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that PGPE has the potential to provide an effective treatment for salmonellosis.

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