scholarly journals Nematocidial activity of aqueous solutions of plants of the families Cupressaceae, Rosaceae, Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Cannabaceae and Apiaceae

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. O. Boyko ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Taraxacum Officinale ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Conium Maculatum ◽  
Nematode Larvae

In natural ecosystems of animals, introduction of larvae of parasitic nematodes into the litter layer from excrement facilitates their migration and search of new host vertebrate animals. In such conditions they are constantly affected by biologically active substances of the abundant species of plants which grow in pastures. Currently, the influence of substances present in the above-ground part of plants on the vitality of larvae of helminths in the environment remains unstudied. In this article, we present the results of our research on the nematocidial activity in vitro in the aqueous solutions of 21 species of plants distributed in the territory of Steppe Ukraine: Sanguisorba officinalis L., Rosa canina L., Crataegus sanguinea Pall., Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd., Armeniaca vulgaris Lam., Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg., Iva xanthiifolia Nutt., Artemisia campestris L., Arctium minus (Hill) Bernh., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Cannabis sativa L., Humulus lupulus L., Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall., Vicia cracca L., Lotus ucrainicus Klok., Onobrychis arenaria (Kit.) DC., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Eryngium planum L., Conium maculatum L., Juniperus communis L., Thuja occidentalis L. The level of vitality of nematode larvae of the Strongylida (Haemonchus contortus (Rudolphi, 1803)) and Rhabditida (Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856)) orders varied depending on the species of plant, and also five experimental concentrations in aqueous solutions tested in seven replications. The most notable nematocidial effect was exerted by Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg. – we observed death of larvae of third stage development L3 H. contortus and larvae of first-third stages L1–3 S. papillosus at 24 h exposure to 3% aqueous solution. Three percent aqueous solutions of S. officinalis and A. artemisiifolia displayed nematocidial properties only against S. papillosus: death of L1–3 S. papillosus was observed. Aqueous solutions of R. canina, A. vulgaris, A. minus, H. lupulus, V. cracca, L. ucrainicus, O. arenaria, E. planum, C. maculatum, J. communis, Th. occidentalis had lethal effect only on non-invasive larvae (larvae of the first and second stage L1–2) of S. papillosus. They displayed no nematocidial properties towards invasive larvae of H. contortus and S. papillosus. At exposure to aqueous solutions of the rest of the studied species of plants, over 50% of L3 H. contortus and L1–3 S. papillosus larvae remained alive. The determined patterns allow us to state that while living in the litter and soil in the root zone of plants nematode larvae undergoa negative influence caused by some plant species.

scholarly journals Chromatographic Analyses, In Vitro Biological Activities, and Cytotoxicity of Cannabis sativa L. Essential Oil: A Multidisciplinary Study

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
Luigi Menghini ◽  
Antonella Di Sotto ◽  
Romina Mancinelli ◽  
Francesca Sisto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds

Due to renewed interest in the cultivation and production of Italian Cannabis sativa L., we proposed a multi-methodological approach to explore chemically and biologically both the essential oil and the aromatic water of this plant. We reported the chemical composition in terms of cannabinoid content, volatile component, phenolic and flavonoid pattern, and color characteristics. Then, we demonstrated the ethnopharmacological relevance of this plant cultivated in Italy as a source of antioxidant compounds toward a large panel of enzymes (pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and cholinesterases) and selected clinically relevant, multidrug-sensible, and multidrug-resistant microbial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Helicobacter pylori, Candida, and Malassezia spp.), evaluating the cytotoxic effects against normal and malignant cell lines. Preliminary in vivo cytotoxicity was also performed on Galleria mellonella larvae. The results corroborate the use of this natural product as a rich source of important biologically active molecules with particular emphasis on the role exerted by naringenin, one of the most important secondary metabolites.

Preparation of Biologically Active Compositions from Aqueous Solutions of L-Cysteine, Silver Salts and Polyvinyl Alcohol

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
D. V. Vishnevetskii ◽  
V. S. Laguseva ◽  
A. I. Ivanova ◽  
S. D. Khizhnyak ◽  
P. M. Pakhomov
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Silver Salts

On the larval migration of some parasitic nematodes in the body of the host and its biological significance

1929 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fülleborn
Keyword(s):  
Pure Culture ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
Suitable Host ◽  
Nematode Larvae ◽  
Short Time

As Looss has shown, the larvæ of Ancylostoma can infect a suitable host by penetrating the healthy skin. If we place the infective material on the surface of the skin, after a short time we find the larvæ in the subcutaneous tissue. The same behaviour is shown by the filariform larvæ of Strongyloides siercoralis, which provide more convenient material for examination, because they can be collected very easily in pure culture and free from fluid by the special culture-method described by me (1924), the principle of which depends on the well-known fact that the filariform larvæ of Strongyloides and other nematode larvæ, accumulate in the form of white filaments of several millimetres in length (fig. 3), each consisting of thousands of individual larvæ, on little prominences in their vicinity, all being guided to similar places by the same sets of “tropisms” (Fülleborn, 1924).

Soil abiotic factors associated with Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp. populations in sugarcane

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Marissônia de A. Noronha ◽  
Marcelo F. Fernandes ◽  
Maria de Fatima S. Muniz ◽  
Elvira Maria R. Pedrosa ◽  
Mayara C. Assunção ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Multivariate Regression Tree ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp

Summary Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp. are the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes to sugarcane and the knowledge of soil characteristics that influence the occurrence of these pathogens can be useful in their management. With the objective to investigate the relationships between soil variables and populations of Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp. in sugarcane fields, root-zone soil and root samples were collected from 20 farms located in 16 municipalities in Alagoas state, Brazil. The multivariate regression tree technique was used to model the population density’s response variables for Meloidogyne spp. and Pratylenchus spp. in the root-zone soil and the roots according to sugarcane cultivars, soil organic matter, and soil chemical and physical variables. The results showed the existence of associations between soil factors, sugarcane cultivars and populations of nematodes. Root samples from soils with K > 37.79 mmolc dm−3, Al < 5.93 mmolc dm−3 and sugarcane ‘RB92579’, ‘SP753046’, ‘SP813250’ and ‘SP921631’ showed the lowest Pratylenchus spp. population densities. However, the lowest densities in the root-zone were found in soils with sum of bases > 1.91 mmolc dm−3, Ca:Mg ratio < 1:2 and soil organic matter < 10.7 g dm−3. The lowest population densities of Meloidogyne spp. in roots were associated with sugarcane ‘RB92579’, ‘RB93509’, ‘RB98710’, ‘SP791011’ and ‘SP921631’ and soil aggregate mean diam. > 0.48 mm, while root-zone densities were minimum in soils with P > 28.59 mg dm−3. This information should support further studies to investigate the effect of each variable on populations of Pratylenchus and Meloidogyne.

Ambrosia artemisiifolia as a Source of Biologically Active Substances

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Parkhomenko ◽  
O. A. Andreeva ◽  
E. T. Oganesyan ◽  
M. N. Ivashev
Keyword(s):  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Substances

Induction of traps by Ostertagia ostertagi larvae, chlamydospore production and growth rate in the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans

1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Grønvold ◽  
P. Nansen ◽  
S.A. Henriksen ◽  
M. Larsen ◽  
J. Wolstrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Ageing Process ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Ostertagia Ostertagi ◽  
Trap Formation ◽  
Nematode Larvae

AbstractBiological control of parasitic nematodes of domestic animals can be achieved by feeding host animals chlamydospores of the nematode-trapping fungus Duddingtonia flagrans. In the host faeces, D. flagrans develop traps that may catch nematode larvae. In experiments on agar, D. flagrans had a growth rate between 15 and 60 mm/week at temperatures between 20 and 30°C. The presence of nematodes induces the fungus to produce traps. The rate of trap formation in D. flagrans has an optimum at 30°C, producing 700–800 traps/cm2/2 days, when induced by 20 nematodes/cm2 on agar. Approaching 10 and 35°C the ability to produce traps is gradually reduced. The response of chlamydospore production on agar to changes in temperature is the same as that for trap formation. On agar, at 10, 20 and 30°C D. flagrans loses its trap inducibility after 2–3 weeks. During the ageing process, increasing numbers of chlamydospores are produced up to a certain limit. The time for reaching maximum chlamydospore concentration coincided with the time for loss of induction potential. The implications of these results in relation to biological control in faeces are discussed.

scholarly journals Positive Effect of Cannabis sativa L. Herb Extracts on Skin Cells and Assessment of Cannabinoid-Based Hydrogels Properties

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Martyna Zagórska-Dziok ◽  
Tomasz Bujak ◽  
Aleksandra Ziemlewska ◽  
Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptors ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Skin Hydration ◽  
Skin Cells ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Herb Extracts

The skin is an organ that is constantly exposed to many external factors that can affect its structure and function. Due to the presence of different cannabinoid receptors on many types of skin cells, cannabinoids can interact directly with them. Therefore, as part of this work, the impact of two types of Cannabis sativa L. herb extracts on keratinocytes and fibroblasts was assessed. The content of biologically active compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, chlorophylls and cannabinoids was evaluated. The antioxidant capacity of prepared extracts using the DPPH radical, H2DCFDA probe and measurement of superoxide dismutase activity was also assessed. The cytotoxicity of hemp extracts was determined using the Alamar Blue, Neutral Red and LDH assays. The ability of the extracts to inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases, collagenase and elastase, was assessed. Preparations of model hydrogels were also prepared and their effect on transepidermal water loss and skin hydration was measured. The obtained results indicate that hemp extracts can be a valuable source of biologically active substances that reduce oxidative stress, inhibit skin aging processes and positively affect the viability of skin cells. The analysis also showed that hydrogels based on cannabis extracts have a positive effect on skin hydration.

scholarly journals Cannabinoid-like anti-inflammatory compounds from flax fiber

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Styrczewska ◽  
Anna Kulma ◽  
Katarzyna Ratajczak ◽  
Ryszard Amarowicz ◽  
Jan Szopa
Keyword(s):  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Fabric Production

AbstractFlax is a valuable source of fibers, linseed and oil. The compounds of the latter two products have already been widely examined and have been proven to possess many health-beneficial properties. In the course of analysis of fibers extract from previously generated transgenic plants overproducing phenylpropanoids a new terpenoid compound was discovered.The UV spectra and the retention time in UPLC analysis of this new compound reveal similarity to a cannabinoid-like compound, probably cannabidiol (CBD). This was confirmed by finding two ions at m/z 174.1 and 231.2 in mass spectra analysis. Further confirmation of the nature of the compound was based on a biological activity assay. It was found that the compound affects the expression of genes involved in inflammatory processes in mouse and human fibroblasts and likely the CBD from Cannabis sativa activates the specific peripheral cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) gene expression. Besides fibers, the compound was also found in all other flax tissues. It should be pointed out that the industrial process of fabric production does not affect CBD activity.The presented data suggest for the first time that flax products can be a source of biologically active cannabinoid-like compounds that are able to influence the cell immunological response. These findings might open up many new applications for medical flax products, especially for the fabric as a material for wound dressing with anti-inflammatory properties.

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