scholarly journals The current state of the population of the golden potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Nematoda, Heteroderidae) in the northwest of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
K. B. Sukhomlin ◽  
V. M. Koshirets ◽  
M. O. Zinchenko ◽  
Y. V. Biletskiy ◽  
O. P. Zinchenko
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The State ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Infection Rates ◽  
Natural Zone ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

The golden potato cyst nematode (GPCN) Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 is a highly specific parasite of the roots of the nightshade plants (Solanaceae). Thus, the state of the pest population demands constant monitoring and control of distribution and numbers. The distribution of G. rostochiensis in Volyn region of Ukraine was studied in 2008–2018 using the data of the state institution the Volyn Regional Phytosanitary Laboratory. The present article gives the analysis of the study results. The disease foci were detected by visual above-ground inspection of potato plantings, also by manually collecting soil samples before planting the potatoes and after harvesting, and consequently analyzing theme. The initial (pre-planting) and conclusive (after harvest) population density of GPCN in the soil was determined by the number of cysts and the mean number of larvae and eggs in cysts obtained from 100 cm3 of soil. Cysts were isolated from soil samples by the standard funnel flotation method. The dead and living larvae were identified visually by the shape of the body and the state of internal organs. According to the results of assessing pre-planting and post-harvest nematode numbers in soil, the reproduction coefficient Рf/Рі was calculated. In Volyn region, G. rostochiensis was first observed in 1968 on farmland and since then, the parasite has spread. Pest foci were recorded in 15 districts of the region in 303 settlements on the area of 946.123 hectares. It was however found that during the latest decade, the area of soils affected by G. rostochiensis in Volyn region decreased by 147.647 hectares. The largest infected areas (over 100 ha) were located in Kovel, Rozhyshche and Manevistky districts, the least infected area was observed in Ivanychi district of the region. The pest was not found in Lutsk district. The highest infection rate was recorded in Rozhyshche district. The highest ratio of viable cysts was observed in the soils of Volodymyr-Volynsky and Rozhyshche districts. The soils of the southern districts (located in the natural zone of forests and steppe) of the region demonstrated 1.5 times higher infection rates compared to soils of the northern districts (in the natural zone of mixed forests). The soils of the southern districts also harboured stable and strong pest populations. The pre-planting soil infection rates proved to directly depend on the reproduction coefficient of GPCN. If the values of Рі, initial infection rate, were lower than 1,000 larvae and eggs per 100 cm3, the reproduction coefficient was 1.18. Increase in the pre-planting infection rate to 2,000 eggs and larvae per 100 cm3 did not affect the reproduction coefficient. At approximately 5,000 eggs and larvae per 100 cm3 the reproduction coefficient exceeded 2, which should be considered in developing the pest control measures.

scholarly journals Molecular and morphological characterization of Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich, 1959 from Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 11083
Author(s):  
Sanaa A. HAROON ◽  
Zafar HANDOO ◽  
Mihail KANTOR ◽  
Andrea SKANTAR ◽  
Maria HULT
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Zigzag Pattern

The golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Skarbilovich (1959) is a damaging soilborne quarantine pest of Solanum tuberosum (potato) and other solanaceous crops worldwide. In spring of 2021 a survey was conducted in area of Abo El Matamer, Bahera governorates in Egypt. Soil samples were taken in zigzag pattern throughout 65 acres of potato cultivated land and processed in Nematology lab, Fayoum University, Egypt. In June 2021, two hundred soil samples were collected from nearby areas to evaluate the distribution of this potato cyst nematode in other cultivated land located in area of first infection but fortunately the golden potato cyst nematode was not detected from neighboring locations. The nematode species was identified by both morphological and molecular means as Globodera rostochiensis. To our knowledge this is the first molecular and morphological characterization of G. rostochiensis from Egypt.

Characterisation of potato cyst nematode populations from Portugal

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Da Cunha ◽  
Isabel Luci Da Conceição ◽  
Isabel Maria De O. Abrantes ◽  
Ken Evans ◽  
M. Susana De A. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Direct Sampling ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
The University

Abstract Populations of potato cyst nematode (PCN) were assembled from all of the potato growing regions of Portugal, either by direct sampling of fields or from cyst samples sent to the University of Coimbra for identification. When 30 or more cysts were available, isoelectric focusing of species-specific protein bands was used to identify which PCN species were present. PCN was present in 35% of a set of 226 soil samples. PCN was also identified in a larger set of 423 populations. Of the 423 populations, 83% were pure Globodera rostochiensis, 8% were pure G. pallida and 9% were mixtures of the two. PCN was found in all of the main potato growing areas but G. pallida was not detected in Coimbra, Setúbal or Viana do Castelo districts.

scholarly journals First Report of the Golden Potato Cyst Nematode, Globodera rostochiensis, in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 883-883
Author(s):  
I. Ostojić ◽  
D. Grubišić ◽  
M. Zovko ◽  
T. Miličević ◽  
T. Gotlin Čuljak
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Ware Potato ◽  
Quarantine Species

The golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis (Wollenweber, 1923) Behrens, 1975, is the most problematic pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum) worldwide and it is recognized as an A1 plant health quarantine species. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, there have been no surveys for the presence of potato cyst nematodes (PCN) in ware potato lands, although they have been documented in the nearby countries of Serbia and Croatia (3). To determine the presence and distribution of PCN and to prevent further spread or increase of PCN populations, a survey in ware potato land was undertaken in 2008, 2009, and 2010. Soil samples consisting of 100 cores of 4 to 5 ml of soil were taken in a grid pattern throughout the plots. Samples of approximately 500 g were processed in the laboratory. The samples were air dried and cysts were extracted using a Spears's flotation method (4) from a 100-ml subsample. Species identification was based on morphometrical characters (2) and real-time PCR where the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS5, PITSr3) region was amplified and detected by the Sequence Dection Software v1.3 (Applied Biosystems, Carlsbad, CA) (1). In 2008, soil sampling was conducted in five locations and PCN were not detected in any of 10 soil samples taken. In June 2009, 17 soil samples were collected from seven locations. Two viable cysts of G. rostochiensis were detected in one soil sample from Tihaljina (Zaside; E 6447659.560, N 4797392.101, altitude 130 m). A total of 110 soil samples were collected from 90 locations in May and June 2010. Five viable cysts of G. rostochiensis were detected in one soil sample taken from Čapljina (Opličići – Turajlovina; E 6485169, N 4775964, altitude 222 m). On the basis of the survey results, G. rostochiensis is not widely spread but the cysts are detectable, indicating that the infestation is relatively recent and that there is a threat of further spread of this quarantine species. Consequently, producers need to grow resistant potato cultivars and implement additional control measures to keep the nematode populations below damaging levels. References: (1) J. Bacic et al. Russ. J. Nematol. 16:1, 61, 2008. (2) C. C. Fleming and T. O. Powers. Potato Cyst Nematodes: Biology, Distribution and Control. R. J. Marks and B. B. Brodie, eds.CAB International, Wallingford, 1998. (3) D. Grubišic et al. J. Pest Sci. 80:21, 2007. (4) J. F. Spears. Agr. Handb. No. 353. U.S. Dep. Agric., 1968.

scholarly journals First Report of the Pale Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera pallida from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Nježić ◽  
B. Gerič Stare ◽  
S. Širca ◽  
N. Grujić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Infested Field

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), the golden cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) Bahrens, and the pale potato cyst nematode G. pallida (Stone) stand out by their remarkable and efficient parasitic adaptations causing high economic losses in potato production worldwide. They are A2 quarantine pests in EPPO countries as well as in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Up to now, only G. rostochiensis was reported from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2011 (1). A systematic survey on the presence of PCN on entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina started in 2011. During the PCN survey, each year 120 soil samples of 1.5 liters were collected in the Republic of Srpska, one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The samples were collected by soil auger 10 cm in length with a diameter of 1.5 cm consisting of 100 cores. Entire samples were processed by Seinhorst elutriator (4). In autumn of 2012, PCN viable cysts were found in two soil samples originating from one field. From one sample, 12 cysts were extracted, and 2 from another sample. The morphology of cysts and second stage juveniles and molecular analysis established the identity of this species as pale cyst nematode G. pallida (3). In addition, the sequencing of the ribosomal DNA region revealed unequivocal similarity to G. pallida (GenBank Accession No. HF968449), while PCR-RFLP analysis (2) showed European type of G. pallida. The infested field is located in Rogatica, 70 km east of Sarajevo, which is one of the main seed and potato production areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The field history revealed that farm-propagated, farm-saved seed potatoes could spread the nematodes to other fields as well. Therefore, 26 additional samples were taken from the fields that belong to the infested field owner and the surrounding fields, but no cysts were found in additional samples. To determine infestation focus and its size, the infested field (1.1 ha) was divided into 46 plots (25 × 10 m) and resampled by taking samples of 60 cores per plot. The detailed sampling of the field revealed a high infestation of 1 cyst per gram of soil in the infestation focus. The high infestation level and the propagation of farm-own seed potatoes suggest that the introduction of G. pallida might have occurred several years ago, probably with imported seed potatoes. The infested field was subjected to the phytosanitary measure of banning potato production for a period of 6 years with the possibility of its prolongation, if cysts with live content are found afterward. It is expected that the nematode is present in other fields due to the farmer's practices of propagating farm-saved seed potatoes and deficient field machinery hygiene. Therefore, the whole area will be intensively monitored for the presence of PCN in the future. An adequate pest management plan will be prepared after PCN pathotype identification. To our knowledge, only one field was found infested with G. pallida during the 3-year PCN survey in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Strict phytosanitary measures for preventing further PCN introductions and spreading should be intensified. References: (1) I. Ostojić et al. Plant Dis. 95:883, 2011. (2) S. Širca et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 49:361, 2010. (3) A. M. Skantar et al. J. Nematol. 39:133, 2007. (4) J. van Bezooijen. Methods and Techniques for Nematology, Wageningen University, 2006.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics and distribution of Globodera species in Slovenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 354-357
Author(s):  
G. Urek ◽  
S. Širca ◽  
V. Meglič
Keyword(s):  
Hot Spot ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Austrian Border ◽  
Central Slovenia

Surveillance on cyst nematodes in Slovenia started already in 1963. We have found Globodera rostochiensis for the first time in 1971 and for the second time in 1975 (two cysts). In 1999 cysts of yellow potato cyst nematode were found again. A small hot spot was detected along the Slovene Austrian border. Cysts of Globodera rostochiensis were extracted from samples taken in 1.6 hectare field. In 2001 we surveyed 194 fields with the surface of 468.29 ha. We discovered another hot spot of Globodera rostochiensis in the Central Slovenia. Cysts of Globodera achilleae are seldom discovered in Slovenia. During the period between 1980 and 2000 we extracted altogether 206 cysts. In 2001 we found three fields where we extracted at first seven cysts. With more detailed survey we extracted another 30 cysts. In a few soil samples taken from the imported potatoes from Italy we have intercepted cysts of Globodera pallida. For that reason shipments were returned. In a similar way in 2002 shipments from Croatia were returned because of G. rostochiensis presence. Specimens of Globodera rostochiensis and G. achilleae species found in Slovenia were morphometricaly handeled.

Potato cyst nematode hatching activity and hatching factors in inter-specific Solanum hybrids

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Devine ◽  
Peter Jones
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Solanum Species ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Species Analysis ◽  
Specific Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Clones ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractIn studies using three sibling F1 clones from each of five crosses between Solanum tuberosum and different wild tuberbearing Solanum species, root leachate hatching activity towards each of the two potato cyst nematode (PCN) species, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida, segregated independently. Sephadex G-10 fractionation of the leachates of S. sucrense-hybrid clones revealed differences between clones in the hatching factor elution profiles for the two PCN species. Analysis of individual hatching factors indicated examples both of selectivity (both PCN species hatched in response to a particular hatching factor, but at different levels of hatching response) and of specificity (only one PCN species hatched in response to a particular hatching factor) of hatching factors. The hatching factor profiles of the S. sucrense-hybrids indicated segregation of hatching factors from the parents, but also detected novel factors unique to specific hybrid clones. Total hatching activity of the root leachate of the S. sucrense clones was positively correlated with the proportion of S. tuberosum-derived hatching factors.

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