scholarly journals Influence of lead salts on some morphological and physiological parameters of filamentous cyanobacteria

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
A. R. Galperina ◽  
O. B. Soprunova
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Maximum Allowable Concentration ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacteria ◽  
Inhibiting Effect ◽  
Lead Salts ◽  
Free Films

In the conditions of a model laboratory experiment the influence of lead salts (an acetate and nitrate) on morphological and physiological parameters of filamentous cyanobacteria was studied. During the experiment we estimated features of formation of biomass, structure of trichomes, form and the size of cells, content of chlorophyll a, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins. It is noted that in the presence of lead acetate of up to 5 maximum allowable concentrations there is a formation of a biomass in the form of attached and free films, and presence of a nitrate form of lead at the same concentration promotes formation of filaments, fixed from one side. At the same time, the increase of concentration of both acetate, and nitrate forms of lead promotes formation of rarefied films of one layer multidirectional trichomes; to disintegration of trichomes on the fragments and separate cells united by an external mucilaginous envelope. Content of lead acetate in concentration of 15 times the maximum allowable concentration, and lead nitrate at 10 times the maximum allowable concentration leads to formation of abnormally long cells up to 10.0–10.5 µm long. It is established that lead acetate has a stimulating effect on formation of a biomass and synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. The biomass growth of up to 223.7% of the control was observed at concentration up to 15 times the maximum allowable concentration inclusive. The content of chlorophyll a grew by 30.6%, carotenoids – by 24.0% at one maximum allowable concentration. Lead nitrate stimulates a biomass gain much more weakly – up to 70.0% at 5 times the maximum allowable concentration and also has the expressed inhibiting effect on synthesis of photosynthetic pigments. Depression of concentration of chlorophyll a and carotenoids by 38.8% and 79.4% respectively was observed already at one maximum allowable concentration. The stimulating effect of lead acetate is noted on synthesis of phycocyanin (by 94.0%) and allophycocyanin (by 120.0%) in concentration up to 5 times the maximum allowable concentration; the stimulating effect of lead nitrate was observed on synthesis of phycocyanin (by 64.7%) in concentration up to 5 times the maximum allowable concentration and on synthesis of allophycocyanin (up to 140.0%) and on phycoerythrin (up to 228.0%) at concentration up to 10 times the maximum allowable concentration. Comparison of influence of various lead salts on filamentous cyanobacteria revealed a more expressed inhibiting effect of the nitrate form of lead in comparison with acetate.

scholarly journals Variations of Chlorophyll Content at Abies alba and Nepeta pannonica Species According to Phenophase and Harvesting Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
S. Buhăianu ◽  
Doina Carmen Jităreanu
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Yellow Coloration ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Chlorophyll A Content

Abstract Chlorophylls from plants are photosynthetic pigments. Their quantity offers valuable informations about photosynthetic activity, growing and developing of plants. Photosynthetic pigments decrease quantitatively during senescence process or in stress conditions. The present study has been realized in laboratory conditions with material harvested from spontaneous flora. The purpose of this research was the investigation of variations of chlorophyll content from samples of biological material collected from Nepeta pannonica L. and Abies alba Mill. plants, from Câmpulung Moldovenesc and Cacica areas, Suceava county, Romania. The targeted phenophases were growth and flowering. There were realized acetonic extracts from samples for spectrophotometric determinations. Obtained data were processed to estabilish chlorophyll a and b content. There were observed that at Abies alba species, from both locations, the chlorophyll a content grew during flowering phenophase, while the chlorophyll b content had little variations. At Nepeta pannonica species, the chlorophyll a and b content decreased visibly during the flowering, due to stress. Leaves of plants from this species presented a intense green color in the growing phenophase, while during flowering phenophase they had a purple or yellow coloration. Obtained results revealed a different dynamics of chlorophyll content at studied species.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF SEEDS WITH COMPOSITIONS OF METABOLICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES ON THE CONTENT OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS IN THE LEAVES OF WINTER RYE PLANTS OF SYNTHETIC 38 AND ZABAVA VARIETIES AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF ONTOGENESIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (11(75)) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
А. Kurylenko ◽  
O. Kurylenko ◽  
О. Kuchmenko ◽  
V. Havii
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Ubiquinone 10 ◽  
Active Substances

Purpose. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of pre-sowing treatment of winter rye seeds of Synthetic 38 and Zabava with compositions of metabolically active substances on the content of photosynthetic pigments in plant leaves at different phases of ontogenesis. Materials and methods. The research materials were winter rye varieties Synthetic 38 and Zabava, and combinations of metabolically active substances: vitamin E (10-8M), paraoxybenzoic acid (0,001%), methionine (0,001%), ubiquinone-10 (10-8M) and MgSO4 (0,001%). The research scheme provided 4 options: 1) control (untreated seeds); 2) seeds, treated with a composition of substances: vitamin E + paraoxybenzoic acid + methionine + MgSO4; 3) seeds treated with a composition of substances: vitamin E + paraoxybenzoic acid + methionine; 4) seeds, processing by composition of substances: vitamin E + ubiquinone-10. Studies were conducted in the following phases of rye development: tillering, tubing, earing, flowering. The content of pigments - chlorophyll a, b and the total content of chlorophyll in the leaves of rye plants was determined by spectrophotometric method. Results and conclusions. It was demonstrated for the first time that the use of compositions of metabolically active compounds for pre-sowing treatment of winter rye varieties Synthetic 38 and Zabava leads to an increase of main chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b in plant leaves in the dynamics from tillering to flowering. The composition consisting of vitamin E, para-oxybenzoic acid, methionine and MgSO4 showed the greatest efficiency. The effectiveness of this composition may be due to the complex action of all metabolically active compounds that are part of it. The obtained results may indicate a potentially more efficient absorption and conversion of energy by plants and the positive effect of these compositions on the photosynthesis of winter rye plants. Substances that have shown their effectiveness can be used as components of stimulants.

Measurements of Phytoplankton Absorption Other Than Per Unit of Chlorophyll a

Ocean Optics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane Perry
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
Chlorophyll A Concentration ◽  
Total Irradiance ◽  
Phytoplankton Absorption

Phytoplankton plays a critical role in determining light fields of the world’s oceans, primarily through absorption of light by photosynthetic pigments (see Chapters 1 to 5). Consequently there has been considerable interest from optical researchers in determining phytoplankton absorption. Conversely, from the biological point of view, this absorption assumes paramount importance because it is the sole source of energy for photosynthesis and thus should be central to direct estimates of primary production. There are two logical parts in determining this effect of phytoplankton and in estimating primary production. One is the estimation of abundance, and the other is estimation of specific effect or specific production rate. The earliest estimates of phytoplankton abundance were based on cell counts. From the time of Francis A. Richards’ Ph.D. dissertation, however, measurement of chlorophyll a concentration per unit of water volume, because of its relative ease, has assumed a central role in abundance estimation. Physiological studies and technological advances in optical instrumentation over the last decade lead me to question whether the continued use of chlorophyll a concentration to estimate phytoplankton abundance was wise either from the viewpoint of narrowing confidence intervals on estimates of absorption and production or from the viewpoint of mechanistic understanding of the processes involved. The measurement of chlorophyll a has become such a routine tool of biological oceanography, however, that the reasons for my heresy require elaboration. Some of the reasons are not too subtle. Chlorophyll a exists with other photosynthetic pigments in organized arrays associated with photosynthetic membranes. The function of these arrays is to harvest photons and transfer their energy to the specialized reaction center complexes that mediate photochemistry (see Chapter 9). The size of the arrays or packages and the ratio of chlorophyll a molecules to other light-harvesting pigments within the packages vary with phytoplankton cell size, total irradiance and its spectral distribution, as well as with other environmental parameters. It is well known that dark-adapted (= light-limited) cells increase their complements of photopigments. This plasticity in pigment packaging is evidenced in the variability of chlorophyll a-specific absorption coefficients. Simple optical models based only on chlorophyll a concentrations cannot be accurate or precise unless the effects of pigment packaging are considered.

Interactions between Photosynthetic Pigments Bound to Lipid and Protein Particles. Spectroscopic Properties

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 582-587
Author(s):  
Framçoise Techy ◽  
Monique Dinant ◽  
Jacques Aghion
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Spectroscopic Properties ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Pheophytin A ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B ◽  
Protein Particles ◽  
Β Carotene

Abstract The spectroscopic (visible) properties of pigment-bearing lipid and protein particles extract­ ed from milk show that: 1) chlorophylls a and b bound to separate particles can form aggregates provided their relative concentration is high enough. Neither pheophytin a nor β-carotene, in the same conditions, form observable aggregates. 2) Chlorophylls a and b can co-aggregate when they are bound to the same particles. Pheophytin a as well as β-carotene seem to prevent the aggregation of chlorophyll a. β-carotene has no effect on the aggregation of chlorophyll b.

Probing environmental DNA reveals circum-Baltic presence and diversity of chlorophyll a/b-containing filamentous cyanobacteria (genus Prochlorothrix)

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 736 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya Velichko ◽  
Svetlana Averina ◽  
Olga Gavrilova ◽  
Natalia Ivanikova ◽  
Alexander V. Pinevich
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacteria

scholarly journals Inhibition of carbon dioxide fixation by lead acetate in rat liver mitochondria

1977 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Amatruda ◽  
A J Staton ◽  
L A Kiesow
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Lead Salts ◽  
Lactate And Pyruvate ◽  
Gluconeogenesis From Alanine ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

These studies were undertaken to determine the mechanism by which intravenously administered lead salts inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis. Within 1 h after the intravenous administration of lead acetate (10 mg), there is 97% inhibition of CO2 fixation in isolated rat liver mitochondria. This effect is concentration-dependent. The induction of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity observed with starvation was also inhibited by intravenously administered lead acetate, but the activities of pyruvate kinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate carboxylase were unaffected, as was the oxidation of palmitate and palmitoyl-CoA by mitochondria from Pb2+-treated animals. The addition of reduced glutathione to mitochondria from Pb2+-treated animals had no effect on the inhibited CO2 fixation. ATP concentrations in mitochondria from Pb2+-treated animals are decreased and the dose-response relationships for the effect of Pb2+ on CO2 fixation and ATP concentrations correspond. We conclude that the decrease in mitochondrial ATP in Pb2+-treated animals is probably responsible for the marked inhibition ov CO2 fixation, and hence the impairment of gluconeogenesis from alanine, lactate and pyruvate observed by others.

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