scholarly journals The interpolation of cadmium in soils of an urbanized territory of the steppe Dnieper region using geoinformation modeling methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
S. O. Gunko ◽  
N. M. Tsvetkova ◽  
N. O. Neposhivaylenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Geoinformation Modeling ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The City

We collected data on the content of gross and mobile forms of cadmium in the genetic horizons of the main types of soils of the steppe Dnieper region in anthropogenically contaminated landscapes (for instance, the city of Kamianske). The content and distribution of gross and mobile forms of cadmium are shown laterally and radially. The highest concentration of cadmium content is noted for profiles 1 to 6, in particular for a root-saturated ground horizon (up to 50 cm). For soil horizons located at a depth of 50–150 cm, there is a slight excess (4–6 mg/kg) of the mean (2–4 mg/kg) for all urban systems. Minimal concentrations of gross forms of cadmium are observed along the soil profile of 25–29 (up to 1 mg/kg), but anomalous excesses are noted at intersections of major highways, which is characteristic for all arranged profiles. The distribution of mobile forms of cadmium for each araigned profile usually duplicates the situation of distribution of gross forms of heavy metal content. The ArcGIS Spatial Analyst's software capabilities in assessing the ecological status of the Kamianske soil according to the content of cadmium are demonstrated in the study. The results of interpolation of cadmium concentration (gross and mobile forms) on the territory of the city for the corresponding soil horizons are given. According to the conducted simulation, it has been established that the soils of almost the entire eastern part of the city (east of the soil profile of 1 to 6) are characterized by the content of the gross form of cadmium in the range of 3 to 4 mg/kg, except for the wooded ravine Vodyana, within the territorial boundaries of which the values of 2 to 3 mg/kg are forecast, as well as in the soils of the southern and central parts of the city. The interpolation of the results of measurements of cadmium content indicates that the abnormal zone is gradually decreasing by area, however, it maintains the maximum values for the city's territory.

scholarly journals Variability of leaf Cadmium content in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat

Genetika ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic ◽  
Novica Mladenov ◽  
Igor Balalic ◽  
Miroslav Zoric
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrometer ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Heading Stage ◽  
Absorption Spectrometer

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic trace metal pollutant for humans, animals, and plants. It is a heavy metal present in soils from natural and anthropogenic sources. Much of the Cd taken up by plants is retained in the root, but a portion is translocated to the aerial portions of the plant and into the seed. The objective of this research was to determine the variability and diversity of Cd content in the leaves of 30 wheat cultivars with different ploidy level, during two years. Analyses of Cd content (ppm) in the leaves at heading stage were performed with an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). Significant differences between the mean values of the genotypes in Cd content were found. Tetraploid wheat genotypes had higher Cd content than hexaploid genotypes. Cd content was predominantly influenced by the year of growing (73%). The influence of genotype on Cd content amounted 16% and the interaction genotype ? year 11%. The cluster of the genotypes consists of four groups. In the groups three and four were some of the genotypes (Kalyan Sona, Partizanka and NS Rana 5) with lowest Cd content in the leaves. They could be chosen as parents in the hybridization for lower cadmium concentration.

scholarly journals Ecological peculiarities of cadmium dispersal at the urbanized terrain edaphotopes of the Steppe Dnieper region (shown by Dniprodzerzhinsk as an example)

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
S. O. Gunko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
The City

The objective of this research is the clarification of ecological peculiarities of cadmium dispersal at the urbanized terrain edaphotopes of Dniprodzerzhinsk. Heavy metals have been widely discussed in a huge number of researches. Special attention should be paid to cadmium as one of the most hazardous environmental toxic agents. There exist multiple data on cadmium content in various soil types of Ukraine, but until the present time there’s no full information as for the accurate geochemical behavior of cadmium in the soils, as well as for the priority impact of one or another soil property upon its concentration in certain soil types – natural ones or anthropogenically modified ones. The applicability of such researches is first of all determined by the necessity to decrease the hazardous environmental consequences of soil contamination with cadmium, as well as to improve the living conditions of the population. Evaluation of the technology-related impact upon the city soil layer is of current concern in terms of monitoring that is corresponding to the modern tasks for the environmental condition control. The article highlights the issue of ecological peculiarities of cadmium dispersal at the urbanized terrain edaphotopes of Dniprodzerzhinsk: variety of cadmium concentration being formed under the natural and anthropogenous influence in the soils of Dniprodzerzhinsk makes difficult to solve the problem of soil contamination with such chemical element. Soils with various content of cadmium can be found within the limits of the city, underneath the steppe vegetation. Content differentiation is attributed to rather diverse set of processes in the soil and to various properties of the soils. Edaphotopes of all studied right-bank urbanized terrains are cadmium contaminated to any extent. Cadmium content in the soil layer of the administrative districts of Dniprodzerzhinsk is ascending as follows: Dniprovsky district (0.6–9.9 mg/kg) – Bagliy district (1.0–10.5 mg/kg) – Zavodsky district (1.5–10.8 mg/kg). Evaluation of intensity of the technology-related geochemical abnormalities in the city soils has been provided by the abnormality level factor. The lowest (weak) soil contamination level can be observed within the edaphotopes of the left-bank area of Dniprovsky district of the city. High and very high soil contamination levels can be observed within the urbanized terrains of the right-bank part of the city at Bagliy and Zavodsky districts (eastern, central and western areas). Results of the statistical processing of the experimental material show the ratios of correlation of cadmium content and mechanical composition of the soil and humus. Absence of cadmium correlation with physical clay-fraction of soil, as well as close significant relation with humus enable us to associate its presence in the soils with biogenous accumulation, being also the evidence of the anthropogenous impact upon cadmium content in the soil layer.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL PROSPECTS OF TOURISM DEVELOPMENT WITHIN DROHOBYCH URBOSYSTEM

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
Oksana Terletska ◽  
Lesya Kushnir ◽  
Tatiana Perig
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
City Development ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
The City

Goal. To reveal peculiarities of formation of ecological prospects of tourism development within Drohobych urban system. Method. The study used analytical, comparative-geographical, cartographic and synthetic methods. Results. The prospect of this territory for ecological tourism in urban systems is shown - since it is characterized by the location within the satisfactory ecological state of forest landscapes, accessibility for all types of tourist groups, developed infrastructure and the presence of environmental problems, which often need immediate solution. Thus, territories such as the Drohobych Urbosystem create the prerequisites for obtaining aesthetic preferences, cognitive bases, as well as environmentally oriented knowledge in the implementation of tourist routes. In general, “branding” of cities in the development of the tourism industry is a multifactorial phenomenon, which depends on its natural, historical and architectural attractiveness as well as on its ecological status, which acts as an ecological basis and general ecological background. (a necessary background that creates a natural environment beyond which it is impossible to consider the ecological effect of anthropogenic impact aimed at providing comfortable environmental conditions (natural conditions that affect life, health, production and non-productive activities of people) for tourists. That is, the environmental safety of an urban environment is a condition of a certain section of a city that eliminates harmful effects or its threat, its inhabitants and visitors, created by anthropogenic or natural influences, correspond to the formation of a natural and cultural environment that is consistent with sanitary, aesthetic and material needs. [7] Scientific novelty is the development of theoretical, methodological and medical principles for the identification of tourist regions as an object of study, the identification of their specific features and patterns of functioning. Assessment of the environmental safety of the environment of tourist attractive urban areas should be a mandatory component of the city's brand, which is developed with the aim of obtaining the following results: improving the socio-economic and cultural development of the city; development of all forms of business in the city; tourism development; promotion of investment activity; participation in national and regional development programs; participation in international cooperation programs. The practical importance lies in substantiation of the mechanisms of formation and implementation of the strategy of development

IDENTIFYING THE MOST SUITABLE AREAS FOR SURFACE FLOW WETLAND CONSTRUCTION IN LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antanas DUMBRAUSKAS ◽  
Nijolė BASTIENĖ ◽  
Petras PUNYS
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Gis Analysis ◽  
Proximity Analysis ◽  
Wetland Construction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Terrain Features ◽  
Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands

GIS-based approach to find the suitable sites for surface flow constructed wetlands was employed for the Lithuanian river basins with low ecological status. According to the nature of the analysed criteria the flowchart consists of two phases. Criteria used include hydrographical network, soil properties, terrain features, land use, etc. Some of them have strictly defined values (constraints), and other ranges within certain limits (factors). Limited criteria were analysed using rejection principle and influencing factors using proximity analysis and overlay methods. Selecting the potential sites using standard GIS analysis tools there was estimated about 3286 sites for possible wetlands with the mean area of inflow basin about 4 km2 in the basins of water bodies at risk.

Evaluation of Road Utilisation as Space For Holding Social Ceremonies in Indigenous Residential Area of Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (March 2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Okanlawon ◽  
O.O Odunjo ◽  
S.A Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

This study examined Residents’ evaluation of turning transport infrastructure (road) to spaces for holding social ceremonies in the indigenous residential zone of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Upon stratifying the city into the three identifiable zones, the core, otherwise known as the indigenous residential zone was isolated for study. Of the twenty (20) political wards in the two local government areas of the town, fifteen (15) wards that were located in the indigenous zone constituted the study area. Respondents were selected along one out of every three (33.3%) of the Trunk — C (local) roads being the one mostly used for the purpose in the study area. The respondents were the residents, commercial motorists, commercial motorcyclists, and celebrants. Six hundred and forty-two (642) copies of questionnaire were administered and harvested on the spot. The Mean Analysis generated from the respondents’ rating of twelve perceived hazards listed in the questionnaire were then used to determine respondents’ most highly rated perceived consequences of the practice. These were noisy environment, Blockage of drainage by waste, and Endangering the life of the sick on the way to hospital; the most highly rated reasons why the practice came into being; and level of acceptability of the practice which was found to be very unacceptable in the study area. Policy makers should therefore focus their attention on strict enforcement of the law prohibiting the practice in order to ensure more cordial relationship among the citizenry, seeing citizens’ unacceptability of the practice in the study area.

scholarly journals Assessment of Ecological Vulnerability on Northern Sand Prevention Belt of China Based on the Ecological Pressure–Sensibility–Resilience Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6078
Author(s):  
Xiufen Li ◽  
Lining Song ◽  
Zunbo Xie ◽  
Tian Gao ◽  
Tingting Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Ecological Protection ◽  
Ecological Vulnerability ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ecological Pressure

Quantitative assessment of ecological vulnerability is of great significance for ecological protection and restoration in ecologically vulnerable regions. Here, the ecological vulnerability of the northern sand prevention belt (NSPB) of China was assessed using an ecological pressure–sensibility–resilience model from 2000 to 2015. Results showed that the ecological vulnerability index (EVI) displayed low values in the eastern part and high values in the western part of the study region. The EVI ranged from 0.29 to 1.32 in 2000, with the mean value of 0.88, whereas it averaged 0.78 in 2015, ranging from 0.21 to 1.26. Decreasing EVI from 2000 to 2015 indicated that the ecological status has been improved. Moreover, the area proportion of moderately, heavily, and extremely ecological vulnerability levels occupied approximately 87% in both 2000 and 2015, indicating a high ecological vulnerability level. Furthermore, the change in area proportion of different ecological vulnerability levels were associated with the change in the spatial distribution of vegetation coverage, indicating that eco-environmental protection projects were indeed effective. These findings indicated that differential strategies in different restoration zones should be adopted, especially in the western parts of the study region, and eco-environmental protection projects should be reinforced to improve the ecological restoration.

scholarly journals Environmental Cadmium Exposure and Dental Indices in Orthodontic Patients

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Hui-Ling Chen ◽  
Jason Chen-Chieh Fang ◽  
Chia-Jung Chang ◽  
Ti-Feng Wu ◽  
I-Kuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Cadmium Exposure ◽  
Class I ◽  
P Value ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Orthodontic Patients ◽  
Urine Cadmium ◽  
The Mean

Background. Previous studies have shown that environmental cadmium exposure could disrupt salivary gland function and is associated with dental caries and reduced bone density. Therefore, this cross-sectional study attempted to determine whether tooth decay with tooth loss following cadmium exposure is associated with some dental or skeletal traits such as malocclusions, sagittal skeletal pattern, and tooth decay. Methods. Between August 2019 and June 2020, 60 orthodontic patients with no history of previous orthodontics, functional appliances, or surgical treatment were examined. The patients were stratified into two groups according to their urine cadmium concentrations: high (>1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 28) or low (<1.06 µg/g creatinine, n = 32). Results. The patients were 25.07 ± 4.33 years old, and most were female (female/male: 51/9 or 85%). The skeletal relationship was mainly Class I (48.3%), followed by Class II (35.0%) and Class III (16.7%). Class I molar relationships were found in 46.7% of these patients, Class II molar relationships were found in 15%, and Class III molar relationships were found in 38.3%. The mean decayed, missing, and filled surface (DMFS) score was 8.05 ± 5.54, including 2.03 ± 3.11 for the decayed index, 0.58 ± 1.17 for the missing index, and 5.52 ± 3.92 for the filled index. The mean index of complexity outcome and need (ICON) score was 53.35 ± 9.01. The facial patterns of these patients were within the average low margin (26.65 ± 5.53 for Frankfort–mandibular plane angle (FMA)). There were no significant differences in the above-mentioned dental indices between patients with high urine cadmium concentrations and those with low urine cadmium concentrations. Patients were further stratified into low (<27, n = 34), average (27–34, n = 23), and high (>34, n = 3) FMA groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the urine cadmium concentration among the three groups. Nevertheless, a marginally significant p-value of 0.05 for urine cadmium concentration was noted between patients with low FMA and patients with high FMA. Conclusion. This analysis found no association between environmental cadmium exposure and dental indices in our orthodontic patients.

scholarly journals Genetic loci regulating cadmium content in rice grains

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Norton ◽  
Anthony Travis ◽  
Panthita Ruang-areerate ◽  
Graeme W. Nicol ◽  
Ayotunde A. Adeosun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Cadmium Concentration ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Chromosome 7 ◽  
Cadmium Content ◽  
Rice Grains ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Grain Cadmium

AbstractIt has been estimated that up to 90% of human exposure to cadmium is through food, and that cadmium within rice grains can be a major contributor to that dietary source. In this study genome wide association mapping was conducted on the Bengal and Assam Aus Panel (BAAP) of rice to identify quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for lowering grain cadmium. Field experiments were conducted over two years under two different irrigation systems: continually flooded and alternate wetting and drying (AWD). There was significant effects of water treatment, genotype, and genotype by water treatment interaction. Importantly, AWD increased grain cadmium, on average, by 49.6% and 108.8% in year 1 and 2 respectively. There was between 4.6 and 28 fold variation in cadmium concentration. A total of 58 QTLs were detected but no loci are clearly specific to one water regime despite approximately 20% of variation attributable to genotype by water regime interaction. A number of QTLs were consistent across most water treatments and years. These included QTLs on chromosome 7 (7.23–7.61, 8.93–9.04, and 29.12–29.14 Mbp), chromosome 5 (8.66–8.72 Mbp), and chromosome 9 (11.46–11.64 Mbp). Further analysis of the loci on chromosome 7 (8.93–9.04 Mbp), identified the candidate gene OsNRAMP1, where cultivars with a deletion upstream of the gene had higher concentrations of cadmium compared to the cultivars that did not have the deletion. The distribution of alleles within the BAAP suggest this QTL is easily detected in this population because it is composed of aus cultivars. Local genome cluster analysis suggest high Cd alleles are uncommon, but should be avoided in breeding.

scholarly journals Out of the loop? On the radical and the routine in urban big data

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110140
Author(s):  
Sarah Barns
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Out Of The Loop ◽  
Urban Futures ◽  
Urban Behaviour ◽  
The City

This commentary interrogates what it means for routine urban behaviours to now be replicating themselves computationally. The emergence of autonomous or artificial intelligence points to the powerful role of big data in the city, as increasingly powerful computational models are now capable of replicating and reproducing existing spatial patterns and activities. I discuss these emergent urban systems of learned or trained intelligence as being at once radical and routine. Just as the material and behavioural conditions that give rise to urban big data demand attention, so do the generative design principles of data-driven models of urban behaviour, as they are increasingly put to use in the production of replicable, autonomous urban futures.

scholarly journals The Atmosphere of the Underground Electric Railways of London: A Study of its Bacterial Content in 1920

1923 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Graham Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bacterial Content ◽  
The City

1. The bacterial content of the air of the Underground Railways, when the average of all results of the bacteriological investigations is taken, does not numerically compare unfavourably with the outside air of London.2. The ratio of the number of organisms growing at room temperature appears to be about 14 for railway air to 10 outside air. For those growing at body temperature the ratio is considerably higher, namely 2 to 1 respectively. The mean per litre, for room temperature organisms, is about 9 in railway air, 6·3 in the outside air; for body temperature organisms 4·6 for railway air, 2·2 for outside air.3. The bacterial content of platform air, except on the City and South London Railway, would appear to be higher than that of carriage air; the total mean for platform air being 52 and for carriage air 42·8 organisms per 5 litres, or a ratio of 16·4 and 13·5 respectively to 10 of the open air. The higher proportion in platform air is generally speaking to be accounted for by the greater amount of draught and dust disturbance.4. The ratios of the total bacterial content of railway carriage air and carriage and platform air on the six lines to open air are estimated in the following proportions:

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