scholarly journals Eсomorphic structure of the soil macrofauna communities of technosols of the Nikopol Manganese Ore Basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Maslikova
Keyword(s):  
Test Site ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Animal Communities ◽  
Green Clay ◽  
Brown Clay ◽  
Macrofauna Community

This study established features of the animal population of artificial soil-like bodies – technosols in terms of ecomorphic analysis. The survey was conducted at the research station of the Dnipro State Agricultural University in the city Pokrov in 2012–2014. The experimental polygons were laid within four technosol types: pedozems, sod loess-like lithogenic soils on loam, grey-green clay and red-brown clay. The polygon consisted of 15 transects and each transect was composed of seven test sites. The distance between rows in the polygon was 3 m. Each test site was a square with size 3 × 3 m. The manual sorting of the soil-zoological samples was conducted within each site for areas 0.25 × 0.25 m to the depth where animals were found. Samples were taken in late April or early May. In general, for each period of counting for each polygon 105 soil-zoological samples were taken 123 species of invertebrates were found in the soil macrofauna community of the technosols. These communities are a steppe monoceonosis with a tendency to transformations into pseudoomonoceonosis on account of increased share of pratants. The soil macrofauna of sod lithogenic soils on grey-green clay and loam on loes-like clays is most adapted to xerophilous condition. Animal communities in pedozems and sod-lithogenic soils or on red-brown clay have a more mesophilic character. The trophoceonomorphic structure of the soil macrofauna community indicates a significant potential of the fertility of artificial soil. The aeromorphs’ structure reveals a significant ability of technosols to create cracks and pores, which can lead to hyperaeration. The dominant part of the of soil macrofauna community was hypercarbonatophils. Against the background of the steppe character, the soil macrofauna community had a topomorphic structure that is unusual for natural steppe black soil biogeocenoses on loess-like loam. The trophomorph structure was greatly dominated by phytophages, which indicates the prevalence of processes of mineralization of plant residues under the humification process. The phoromorphic spectrum of soil animal communities was dominated by ecological groups which move without the active construction of tunnels.

scholarly journals Фітоіндикаційна оцінка режиму освітлення як маркер регуляторних екосистемних сервісів у техноземах Нікопольського марганцево- рудного басейну

2018 ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
К. П. Маслікова ◽  
О. В. Жуков ◽  
Д. В. Коваленко
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Green Clay ◽  
Brown Clay

Показана можливість індикації регуляторних екосистемних сервісів протягом техногенного ґрунтогенезу за допомогою фітоіндикаційних оцінок режиму освітлення. У якості маркерів регуляторних екосистемних сервісів у процесі техногенного ґрунтогенезу можуть бути застосовані фітоіндикаційні оцінки режиму освітлення. Причинами трансформації світлової структури рослинного угруповання техноземів є варіювання густини рослинного покриву та його архітектоніки. Зміни світлової структури є найважливішими маркерами пертинетного впливу рослинного покриву на мікрокліматичні умови. Динаміка змін режиму освітлення протягом ґрунтогенезу має тенденцію до формування більш затінених рослинних угруповань. The research shows the possibility of indication of the regulatory ecosystem services for man-made soilogenesis by means of phytoindication using lighting indicator scale. Field studies were conducted during the 2008–2017 in bioecological research station in Dnipro agro-economic University (Pokrov, Dnipropetrovsk region, Ukraine). Polygons incorporated within tehnosoils four types: pedozems, sod-lithogenic soils on forest-like loam, gray-green clay and red-brown clay. Vegetative mass distribution of individual components of complex multi agrophytocenoses, mutual influence aboveground components of each other and environmental conditions under the canopy of vegetation have a significant effect on yield formation of plant communities. A more uniform distribution of leaf blades in phytocenoses weakening lighting at the middle and lower tiers won’t be very large. It causes the highest intensity operation vegetation photosynthesis per unit area. In order embriozemy → sod soils lithogenic → pedozemy level assessment phytoindication lighting statistically significantly reduced. Herbaceous vegetation that covers most forms of tehnosoils is formed in the global lighting. Vegetation of the embriozems lighting mode indicates 8.78±0.01, sod soils lithogenic – 8.74±0.02, pedozems – 8.71±0.01.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of soil macrofauna community sustainability in temperate rice-growing systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniil I. Korobushkin ◽  
Konstantin B. Gongalsky ◽  
Anastasia Yu. Gorbunova ◽  
Dmitry M. Palatov ◽  
Sergey V. Shekhovtsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Sustainability ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Macrofauna Community

Research on Some Physicochemical Parameters of Artificially Created Soil Mixtures

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
E.A. Pendyurin ◽  
S.Yu. Rybina ◽  
L.M. Smolenskaya ◽  
M.M. Latypova
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Soil Mixtures

Compositions of artificial soil mixtures, including sand, clay, defecation mud, waste from wet magnetic separation and plant residues in different proportions have been developed. The components were preliminarily comminuted by an auger-drill in order to obtain a homogeneous composition with subsequent granulation, stored in natural conditions in the autumn-winter period, followed by filling in experimental vessels. No any phytotoxic effect for the initial components and for all analyzed samples of the obtained artificial soil mixtures was detected. The chemical composition and some physicochemical properties of artificial soil mixtures, such as density, deposit of moisture and humus content, were determined. It was shown that the samples of the obtained soil mixtures are close to the control (dark gray forest soil of the Belgorod region) and can be recommended for further use in creating cultural landscapes as a substitute for natural soil. The developed type of artificial soil mixtures is suitable for the cultivation of bulbous crops; moreover, a large increase in yield in comparison with the control for some compositions was found. Artificially created soil mixtures reduce the harmful effect on the environment by eliminating the storage of industrial waste such as iron ore and food, plant residues used in the composition of the artificial soil mixture. Artificial soil mixture can be used for remediation of technologically disrupted areas, which will allow restoring disturbed lands and reducing man-caused impact on solid waste landfills. The addition of industrial waste allows them to be re-involved in the technological cycle, which contributes to the development of low-waste and waste-free technologies. The results obtained indicate the possibility of using the studied soil mixtures for cultivation of the decorative bulbous plants. To recommend the developed compositions for the use in agriculture, it is necessary to assess the possibility of impurity translocation from soil samples into cultivated crops.

X-ray computed microtomography to predict CO2 emissions in casts of 6 earthworm species (Lumbricidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Le Mer ◽  
Nicolas Bottinelli ◽  
Marie-France Dignac ◽  
Arnaud Mazurier ◽  
Laurent Caner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
C Mineralization ◽  
Aporrectodea Caliginosa ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Earthworm Species ◽  
The Impact

<p>Plant residues are the main precursors of soil organic matter (SOM) and soil macrofauna is an important driver of ecological processes involved in the sequestration of carbon (C) in soils. In particular, earthworms are one of the largest contributors to soil matter formation in most terrestrial ecosystems. In the short term, they may increase the rate of OM turnover by mineralization, fragmentation and stimulation of microbial activity. On the other hand they may reduce OM degradability by forming stable aggregates and organo-mineral complexes protecting C from mineralization for longer time scales. Earthworms are classified in three main ecological groups depending on their behaviors and on their morpho-functional traits. However, their intra- or inter- ecological group effect on C stabilization needs to be investigated.</p><p>In this study, we explored the impact of earthworm diversity (composed of several species belonging to different ecological groups) on the physicochemical properties of casts, related to CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. We hypothesized that C mineralization in casts would be related to the ecological category.</p><p>We studied casts of 6 species (2 anecic species: Lumbricus terrestris & Aporectodea nocturna, 2 endogeic species: Allolobophora icterica & Aporrectodea caliginosa and 2 epigeic species: Lumbricus castaneus & Eisenia fetida) produced in a silty subsoil with addition of plant litter. Casts were incubated for 140 days under similar laboratory conditions. We measured CO<sub>2</sub> mineralization, pH, elemental composition and physical cast organization by X-ray microtomography (resolution of 9.49 µm voxel) at 7, 42, and 140 days.</p><p>Our results showed lower CO<sub>2</sub> mineralization in aggregates produced without earthworms than all earthworm casts. In the beginning of the incubation casts showed similar CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and specific physicochemical properties as OC content and pH. After 140 days, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were earthworm species specific with Aporectodea nocturna showing highest CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, and Aporrectodea caliginosa the lowest values. Microtomographic analyses showed that this is due to an increase of cast porosity with increasing cast age coupled with a concurrent decrease particulate organic matter (POM) structures. Our first results seemed to suggest that earthworms belonging to the same ecological category influence similarly C mineralization through their impact on the cast organization.</p>

scholarly journals Applying plant disturbance indicators to reveal the hemeroby of soil macrofauna species

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
N. V. Yorkina ◽  
S. M. Podorozhniy ◽  
L. G. Velcheva ◽  
Y. V. Honcharenko ◽  
O. V. Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Factor Level ◽  
Soil Macrofauna ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Macrofauna Community

Hemeroby is an integrated indicator for measuring human impacts on environmental systems. Hemeroby has a complex nature and a variety of mechanisms to affect ecosystems. Hemeroby is often used to assess disturbances in different vegetation types but this concept has seldom been evaluated for animals. The role of the hemeroby gradient in structuring the soil macrofauna community was investigated. The experimental polygon was located in Botanical Garden of the Oles Honchar Dnipro National University (Dnipro City, Ukraine). There were 20 sites within the polygon. On each of them at 105 points samples of soil macrofauna were taken, soil penetration resistance, electrical conductivity of soil, depth of litter, height of grasses were measured. Within each site, a description of the vegetation cover was made. Based on the description of the vegetation, an indication of the level of ecosystem hemeroby within the polygons was conducted. In total, 48,457 invertebrate (Annelida, Arthropoda, and Mollusca) individuals of 6 classes, 13 orders, 50 families and 83 species or parataxonomic units were recorded. Phytoindication reveals that the level of hemeroby within the studied polygons varies from 34.9 to 67.2. The model V and VI from the HOFJO-list were the most optimal model of the species response to hemeroby gradient. The weighted average factor value was used to assess the optimal factor level for the species in a symmetrical bell-shaped response model. The optimal factor level of the hemeroby for the soil macrofauna species ranges from 34.9 to 66.0. Species also differ in degree of specialization to the factor of hemeroby. There was a regular change in the soil macrofauna community size and diversity in the hemeroby gradient. The limiting influence of anthropogenic transformation of the environment on the abundance of soil macrofauna community is clearly marked at the level of hemeroby above average. Species diversity of the community is greatest at moderate hemeroby level. Both relatively little transformed habitats and strongly transformed ones are characterized by lower species richness of the soil macrofauna community. The Shannon index shows a clear upward trend with increasing hemeroby. The Pielou index indicates that the main reason for this trend is an increase in community evenness with increasing hemeroby. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis was fully supported with respect to species richness. For the number of species, there is indeed a certain level of heterogeneity at which the number of species is highest. For another aspect of diversity, evenness, this pattern is not true. The evenness increases with increasing habitat disturbance. This result is due to a decrease in the abundance of dominant species.

scholarly journals Artificial Soil Environment Justification for Laboratory Studies of Wear and Traction Characteristics of Soil-Cutting Working Bodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
I. V. Liskin ◽  
A. V. Mironova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Residues ◽  
Artificial Soil ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Fallow Lands ◽  
Soil Cutting ◽  
Working Bodies

The authors presented the results of laboratory studies of artificial soil based on sand-paraffin mixtures, reflecting the physical and mechanical soil properties with the presence of plant residues. They conducted tests to determine the soil-cutting working bodies’ traction resistance during tillage with the presence of root and crop residues.(Research purpose) To substantiate the parameters of an artificial soil environment containing models of root and crop residues for laboratory studies of the wear and traction characteristics of soil-cutting working bodies operated on post-harvest, virgin and fallow farmland.(Materials and methods) An artificial soil environment was developed by introducing filamentous components 5-25 millimeters long into its composition.(Results and discussion) The authors determined the criteria of geometric similarity “model – nature” for the soil conditions of the Non-Black Earth Zone of Russia. It was found that the equality of the criteria “model – nature” for laboratory research of fallow lands occurred when the length of the  filamentous components was from 20 mm and the concentration was from 20 segments per unit cross-sectional area when passing 0.1 meter in artificial soil. It was revealed that for modeling old arable lands, the length of the filamentous components should exceed 5 millimeters, the concentration should be from 10 segments per 0.1 meter of the length of passage in artificial soil. The authors conducted field tests of arable units on fallow and old arable lands.(Conclusions) The authors found out that the equality of the geometric criteria for the similarity of the artificial soil environment and real soil conditions allowed laboratory studies of the wear and traction characteristics of the tillage working bodies’ blades. It was determined that more than 30 percent of energy costs were accounted for by breaking the root system of the vegetation cover on virgin and fallow lands.

Approaches to definition of complex influence of major components of agriculture on productivity agrophytocenoses and soil fertility

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (90) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
P.I. Boyko ◽  
D.V. Litvinov ◽  
N.G. Buslaeva ◽  
N.P. Kovalenko ◽  
O.V. Demidenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Main Factors

The purpose - to determine the most productive crop rotation with a corresponding set, ratio and placement of field crops for different ways of basic soil tillage, fertilizer levels and weather conditions. Identify the main parts of the interplay of farming on soil fertility, productive and sustainable land use. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Conclusions. U article summarizes experimentally developed and theoretically grounded and economically approved agri-environmental and biological basis of efficiency scientifically based crop rotation of different rotation group left bank steppe of Ukraine with optimal saturation ratio and placement agrophytocenoses depending on fertilization, tillage methods that enhances fertility and stabilization soil, increase quality agricultural products obtained by reducing the cost of its production. Objective scientific information that could serve as a basis for the development of modern agriculture can only be obtained by an integrated approach to the formulation of research in the field of long multifactor stationary experiment, conducted in the NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS." Establishing quantitative patterns of action the main factors in its comprehensive and manifestation of the separation opens up opportunities to create sustainable crop production technologies and development of soil fertility management. Besides great theoretical interest, they immediately practical. Long-term studies (1975-2015 gg.) Typical black soil unstable wetting left-bank forest-steppe Drabiv Experimental Station (now the experimental field) Cherkassy DSHDS NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" set action and mutual influence of crop rotation, fertilizers, basic soil, weather agrophytocenoses on productivity and soil fertility. In view of climate change and market relations, ecological factor rotation is stabilizing soil-plant system for current and future agriculture. It selectively acts on mutual share of productivity crops grown on various soil cultivation technologies, reveals the features of formation of indicators of soil fertility, especially the humus balance and quality. The leading factor in the performance of field crop rotation is: after placing the best predecessors in the application of optimal doses of fertilizers and differentiated cultivation provides a stable grain yield at 5.5-6.5 t / ha. Collecting fodder units 1 hectare of crop rotation area was 10.8 and digestible protein 0,68-0,70 t / ha. Preference is for crop rotation with cereals 80%: 20% peas, 20 - winter wheat, 40% corn. In terms Panfyly research station on the same soil in average for 2004-2013 years. Short rotation driving and the effects of crop rotation and use of fertilizers on the characteristics of water and nutritious regime of soil, humus balance and nutrients, microbial activity processes, weed-infested state of agricultural crops. The meaning of income and quality of plant residues. The dependence of productivity, economic and energy efficiency different rotation types of field rotation. The technique for conducting reconstruction programs researching and the portion of the main factors of interference farming system and weather conditions on land use management.

scholarly journals Manifestation of the average mass of commercial tubers in interspecific hybrids of potatoes, their backсroses depending on the place and years of the test

2019 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
N.V. Kravchenko
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The successes in the selection of potato in the direction of creating varieties with a large average weight of commercial tubers depends on the quality of the source material, very desirable with the combination of high manifestation of the sign and the stability of its expression, regardless of external conditions. The researches were carried out in 2015–2017 under the conditions of the Ustymovskaya Research Station Plant (URSP) and the Sumy National Agrarian University (SNAU) in accordance with generally accepted methods in potato-growing. The starting material used different methods of creation, origin, degree of backing complex intraspecific hybrids with the participation of Mexican wild species. Significant potential of individual backcrosses has been revealed at the sign of a sign that is up to 1.8 times more than in the best grades. At the same time, he realized, depending on the external conditions is far from complete. Only in the most favorable for the meteorological complex in 2017, under the conditions of the SNAU, the proportion of hybrids having an average mass of one commercial tubers of more than 100 g was 75.8 %, and in the URSP it was 2,3 times less. The favorable conditions of the growing season of potato in 2017 are also evidenced by the proportion of hybrids with the maximum manifestation of the trait. In SNAU it was 28.3 %, and URSP – 25.3 %. The variability of the expression of the indicator at the test site is evidenced by the magnitude of its coefficient of variation. In the conditions of SNAU and URSP, the proportion of hybrids with a coefficient of variation of 10 % or less was 9.1 %. At the same time, in some hybrids the value of the indicator turned out to be very high – 50–70 %. Allocated hybrids, in which in each year the difference in the manifestation of the trait does not exceed 10–11 g, depending on the test site, namely: 90.673/30, 08.194/23 and 08.194/25, and in the hybrid 08.194/122 it was observed during 2015 and 2016 years. A different reaction of sister forms to the influence of the external complex was revealed. Among the hybrids 88.1450s2 and 88.1450s3 only in the latter under the conditions of the SNAU meteorological conditions almost did not affect the manifestation of signs – the coefficient of variation was 8%. With a difference of 1 g, the average mass of commercial tubers in this hybrid in the SNAU and URSP in 2015 was revealed. As a result of the study, it was possible to identify hybrids with a stable expression of the indicator irrespective of the meteorological conditions (08.194/25), for trials for three years in the SNAU (88.1450s3), URSP (08.194/33,08.194/119) and experimental locations (90.673/30,08.194/23 and 08.194/25). They are recommended for use in the breeding process with high adaptability.

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