scholarly journals Sudden Cardiac Death Risk Stratification and Prevention in Chagas Disease: A Non-systematic Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Roberto Keegan ◽  
Cynthia Yeung ◽  
Adrian Baranchuk
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Chagas Heart Disease ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death Risk ◽  
Risk Stratification Score

Chagas disease is an important public health problem in Latin America. However, migration and globalisation have resulted in the increased presence of Chagas disease worldwide. Sudden cardiac death is the leading cause of death in people with Chagas disease, most often due to ventricular fibrillation. Although more common in patients with documented ventricular arrhythmias, sudden cardiac death can also be the first manifestation of Chagas disease in patients with no previous symptoms or known heart failure. Major predictors of sudden cardiac death include cardiac arrest, sustained and non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, left ventricular dysfunction, syncope and bradycardia. The authors review the predictors and risk stratification score developed by Rassi et al. for death in Chagas heart disease. They also discuss the evidence for anti-arrhythmic drugs, catheter ablation, ICDs and pacemakers for the prevention of sudden cardiac death in these patients. Given the widespread global burden, understanding the risk stratification and prevention of sudden cardiac death in Chagas disease is of timely concern.

scholarly journals Sudden Cardiac Death Risk Stratification — An Update

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginald Liew ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death Risk

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a major public health problem worldwide, yet current methods to identify those at greatest risk are inadequate. High-risk individuals may benefit from potentially life-saving treatment, such as insertion of an implantable-cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). However, such treatments are expensive and have their own associated risks. Furthermore, most cases of SCD occur in the general adult population who may be relatively asymptomatic but yet have an underlying predisposition to SCD. Hence, there is great interest and clinical need in improving methods for risk stratification of SCD to identify those at greatest risk and implement the most appropriate treatment. This review provides an update on current risk-stratification methods for SCD in high-risk groups, in particular patients with reduced left ventricular function following acute myocardial infarction and those with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy, and highlights some novel methods that may have a role to play in future risk-stratification schemes. Approaches and challenges for SCD risk stratification among the general public are also discussed.

scholarly journals Multimodality Imaging in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy for Risk Stratification

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Albree Tower-Rader ◽  
Christopher M. Kramer ◽  
Stefan Neubauer ◽  
Sherif F. Nagueh ◽  
Milind Y. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Left Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Outflow ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death Risk

In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, multimodality imaging is crucial to confirm diagnosis, assess for presence and mechanism of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, and risk stratification for sudden cardiac death. This review will focus on the application of imaging to assess established and emerging factors to be considered in sudden cardiac death risk stratification.

Beyond ejection fraction: Novel clinical approaches towards sudden cardiac death risk stratification in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issa Pour-Ghaz ◽  
Mark Heckle ◽  
Ikechukwu Ifedili ◽  
Sharif Kayali ◽  
Christopher Nance ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Icd Therapy

: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy is indicated for patients at risk for sudden cardiac death due to ventricular tachyarrhythmia. The most commonly used risk stratification algorithms use left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) to determine which patients qualify for ICD therapy, even though LVEF is a better marker of total mortality than ventricular tachyarrhythmias mortality. This review evaluates imaging tools and novel biomarkers proposed for better risk stratifying arrhythmic substrate, thereby identifying optimal ICD therapy candidates.

scholarly journals Quantification of Ventricular Repolarization Variation for Sudden Cardiac Death Risk Stratification in Atrial Fibrillation

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1049-1057
Author(s):  
Alba Martin-Yebra ◽  
Pablo Laguna ◽  
Iwona Cygankiewicz ◽  
Antoni Bayes-de-Luna ◽  
Enrico G. Caiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Ventricular Repolarization ◽  
Death Risk ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death Risk

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: prevention of sudden cardiac death

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantinos O’Mahony
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Icd Implantation ◽  
European Society Of Cardiology

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) secondary to ventricular arrhythmias is the most common mode of death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and can be effectively prevented with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). The risk of SCD in HCM relates to the severity of the phenotype and regular risk stratification is an integral part of routine clinical care. For the primary prevention of SCD, risk stratification involves the assessment of seven readily available clinical parameters (age, maximal left ventricular wall thickness, left atrial diameter, left ventricular outflow tract gradient, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia, unexplained syncope, and family history of SCD) which are used to estimate the risk of SCD within 5 years of clinical evaluation using a statistical risk prediction model (HCM Risk-SCD). The 2014 European Society of Cardiology Guidelines provide a framework to aid clinical decisions and consider patients with a 5-year risk of SCD of less than 4% as low risk and recommend regular assessment while those with a risk of 6% or higher should be considered for an ICD. In patients with an intermediate risk (4% to <6%) ICD implantation may also be considered after taking into account age, co-morbid conditions, socioeconomic factors, and the psychological impact of therapy. Survivors of ventricular fibrillation arrest should receive an ICD for secondary prevention unless their life expectancy is less than 1 year. Following device implantation, patients should be followed up for device- and disease-related complications, particularly heart failure and cerebrovascular disease.

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