Hair Loss in Children

1981 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
James E. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Random Pattern ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Anagen Phase ◽  
Straight Hair ◽  
Histologic Changes

PHYSIOLOGY OF NORMAL HAIR1,2 Unlike the hair of most animals, human hair usually follows a random pattern of growth, rest, and shedding, followed by the growth and emergence of a new hair from the follicle. This cycle is related to histologic changes in the follicle: The anagen phase involves active growth (long follicle); the telogen phase is resting (short follicle); and the catagen phase is a transition between anagen and telogen. The duration of the growing phase (anagen) determines the ultimate length of the hair: normally longest on the scalp, followed in descending order of length by the hairs of the beard, pubis, axillae, body, eyebrows, and eyelid margins. Longer hair is associated with a higher ratio (10:1) of anagen to telogen follicles. Hair plucking is the most rapid, convenient path to examine this relationship: anagen hairs have a glistening, cylindrical proximal sheath, approximately 3 mm long (Fig 1) whereas the telogen follicle yields a hair with a short, 1-mm knob, appropriately called a club (Fig 2). The shape and color of hair are usually determined genetically. Straight hair is round in cross section, with curly and kinky (spiral) varieties becoming progressively more ellipsoid. Hair color may normally darken and shape change for the first five to ten years of life; this tendency is most commonly seen in the transformation of a curly haired blond child into a tow-headed or brunette adolescent.

scholarly journals What Can Complex Dietary Supplements Do for Hair Loss and How Can It Be Validly Measured—A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4996
Author(s):  
Nicole Braun ◽  
Ulrike Heinrich
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Hair Cycle ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Anagen Phase

Hair plays a major role in perception within a society. It provides information about gender, age, health, and social status. It is therefore not surprising that those affected are exposed to great suffering due to the widespread occurrence of hair loss. As a result, the demand for new products to remedy this problem is not diminishing. Hair grows in cycles, and a hair follicle goes through several phases called the hair cycle. The active growth phase (anagen phase) lasts 2–6 years. In this state a hair follicle shows a growth of about 1 cm per month. In order to improve the existing hair status, hair should be kept in the active anagen phase as long as possible, or the transition to anagen should be stimulated. A number of reviews already describe the influence of individual active ingredients on hair growth. However, the following review describes existing studies of complex dietary supplements with their experimental weaknesses and strengths and their influence on hair loss. Also, for the determination of hair loss, it is important to use a valid method with high acceptance by the test persons. In this context, the TrichoScale® is a validated and non-invasive tool for quantifying hair loss/hair growth. Thus, it is an ideal measuring instrument to objectively quantify the effectiveness of a hair loss treatment.

scholarly journals Direct and flexible mesh contour coupling for airfoil optimisation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
Stephan Trautsch ◽  
Heike Mrech ◽  
Karl-Heinrich Grote ◽  
Christiane Beyer
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Optimal Distribution ◽  
Flow Variable ◽  
Mechanical Simulation ◽  
Combined Flow ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Influencing Parameters ◽  
Technical Systems

Blade profiles are used in many technical systems, including in the use of wind and water energy, and in aviation and shipping. The shape of the airfoil contour has a crucial influence on the resulting forces at the cross-section around the airfoil. The optimisation tasks are characterised by an exceptionally large number and dynamics of the influencing parameters. These are generated by a combined flow-related and structural mechanical simulation. The current research presented here takes up these core elements of the shaping processes and makes them more flexible and transparent than conventional design methodologies. The aim is to improve the design process through a direct and flexible mesh-contour coupling in such a way that the resulting shape change can be directly correlated to the initiating characteristic flow variable. The integration of the FEMSeq method enables the optimal distribution and reduction of the material without causing a failure of the overall structure.

scholarly journals Stem cells from human hair follicles: first mechanical isolation for immediate autologous clinical use in androgenetic alopecia and hair loss

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 58-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Gentile ◽  
Maria G. Scioli ◽  
Alessandra Bielli ◽  
Augusto Orlandi ◽  
Valerio Cervelli
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Androgenetic Alopecia ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Mechanical Isolation

scholarly journals Assessment of Prolonged Dengue Virus Infection in Dermal Fibroblasts and Hair-Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Kai-Che Wei ◽  
Wan-Ju Wei ◽  
Yi-Shan Liu ◽  
Li-Chen Yen ◽  
Tsung-Hsien Chang
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Denv Infection ◽  
Dermal Fibroblasts ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dermal Papilla Cells

Dengue virus (DENV)-mediated hair loss is one of the post-dengue fatigue syndromes and its pathophysiology remains unknown. Whether long-term or persistent infection with DENV in the scalp results in hair loss is unclear. In this study, we cultured human dermal fibroblasts (WS1 cells) and primary human hair-follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPCs) in the long term with DENV-2 infection. The production of virion, the expression of inflammatory and anti-virus genes, and their signaling transduction activity in the infected cells were analyzed. DENV-2 NS3 protein and DENV-2 5′ UTR RNA were detected in fibroblasts and HFDPCs that were subjected to long-term infection with DENV-2 for 33 days. A significant amount of DENV-2 virion was produced by both WS1 cells and HFDPCs in the first two days of acute infection. The virion was also detected in WS1 cells that were infected in the long term, but HFDPCs failed to produce DENV-2 after long-term culture. Type I and type III interferons, and inflammatory cytokines were highly expressed in the acute phase of DENV infection in HFPDC and WS1 cells. However, in the long-term cultured cells, modest levels of anti-viral protein genes were expressed and we observed reduced signaling activity, which was correlated with the level of virus production changes. Long-term infection of DENV-2 downregulated the expression of hair growth regulatory factors, such as Rip1, Wnt1, and Wnt4. This in vitro study shows that the long-term infection with DENV-2 in dermal fibroblasts and dermal papilla cells may be involved with the prolonged-DENV-infection-mediated hair loss of post-dengue fatigue syndrome. However, direct evidence for viral replication in the human hair of a dengue victim or animal infection model is required.

scholarly journals Analysis of Human Hair Cross Section Using Infrared Microspectroscopy

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-217
Author(s):  
Satoshi Inamasu ◽  
Taro Moriwaki ◽  
Yuka Ikemoto
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Infrared Microspectroscopy

scholarly journals The local hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in cultured human dermal papilla cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Young Lee ◽  
You Jin Nam ◽  
Sangjin Kang ◽  
Eun Ju Choi ◽  
Inbo Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Dermal Papilla Cells ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background Stress is an important cause of skin disease, including hair loss. The hormonal response to stress is due to the HPA axis, which comprises hormones such as corticotropin releasing factor (CRF), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol. Many reports have shown that CRF, a crucial stress hormone, inhibits hair growth and induces hair loss. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of CRF on human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) as well as hair follicles and to investigate whether the HPA axis was established in cultured human DPCs. Results CRF inhibited hair shaft elongation and induced early catagen transition in human hair follicles. Hair follicle cells, both human DPCs and human ORSCs, expressed CRF and its receptors and responded to CRF. CRF inhibited the proliferation of human DPCs through cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Anagen-related cytokine levels were downregulated in CRF-treated human DPCs. Interestingly, increases in proopiomelanocortin (POMC), ACTH, and cortisol were induced by CRF in human DPCs, and antagonists for the CRF receptor blocked the effects of this hormone. Conclusion The results of this study showed that stress can cause hair loss by acting through stress hormones. Additionally, these results suggested that a fully functional HPA axis exists in human DPCs and that CRF directly affects human DPCs as well as human hair follicles under stress conditions.

scholarly journals Model-based prediction of human hair color using DNA variants

2011 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Branicki ◽  
Fan Liu ◽  
Kate van Duijn ◽  
Jolanta Draus-Barini ◽  
Ewelina Pośpiech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Hair ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Dna Variants

Pathologic Dynamics of Human Hair Loss

1961 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 175 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBERT M. KLIGMAN
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Human Hair
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