scholarly journals Risk for Severe Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Alcoholics and Diabetics

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Balachandran J ◽  
Sreekumar B
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Minimal Disease

Tuberculosis is a major public health problem. Some patients present with minimal lesions where as others present with advanced lesions. Patients with advanced or severe disease have high morbidity and mortality. Their infectiousness is also high. This is a Case control study to identify the strength of associations between two important factors, namely alcoholism and diabetes mellitus, and severity of disease. There were 80 cases and 80 controls. Cases were patients with severe disease and controls were patients with minimal disease. Severity of tuberculosis was assessed by chest radiographic criteria as per American Thoracic Society recommendation. The study was done over a period of 18 months. Both inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied in the selection of cases and controls. 46.25% of cases and 23.75% of controls were alcoholic. 15% of cases were suffering from diabetes mellitus whereas only 5% of controls were diabetic. Univariate analysis showed that both alcoholism and diabetes mellitus were significant risk factors. When the confounding effect of age was also taken into account, diabetes mellitus was not found to be a significant risk factor in causing severe pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore preventive measures may be targeted to alcoholics for the early identification of severe pulmonary tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Risk for Severe Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Alcoholics and Diabetics

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Balachandran J ◽  
Sreekumar B
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Minimal Disease

Tuberculosis is a major public health problem. Some patients present with minimal lesions where as others present with advanced lesions. Patients with advanced or severe disease have high morbidity and mortality. Their infectiousness is also high. This is a Case control study to identify the strength of associations between two important factors, namely alcoholism and diabetes mellitus, and severity of disease. There were 80 cases and 80 controls. Cases were patients with severe disease and controls were patients with minimal disease. Severity of tuberculosis was assessed by chest radiographic criteria as per American Thoracic Society recommendation. The study was done over a period of 18 months. Both inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied in the selection of cases and controls. 46.25% of cases and 23.75% of controls were alcoholic. 15% of cases were suffering from diabetes mellitus whereas only 5% of controls were diabetic. Univariate analysis showed that both alcoholism and diabetes mellitus were significant risk factors. When the confounding effect of age was also taken into account, diabetes mellitus was not found to be a significant risk factor in causing severe pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore preventive measures may be targeted to alcoholics for the early identification of severe pulmonary tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Deteksi Dini Penyakit Arteri Perifer pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus di Kota Mataram

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-262
Author(s):  
Yanna Indrayana ◽  
Herpan Syafii Harahap ◽  
Ilsa Hunaifi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Artery Disease

Diabetes mellitus is currently becoming a major public health problem in the world. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus globally in 2019 is estimated at 9.3% and will increase to 10.9% in 2040. Peripheral artery disease is one of the important complications of diabetes mellitus. Patients with diabetes mellitus accompanied by peripheral artery disease have high morbidity and. Therefore, early detection of peripheral artery disease in diabetic patients is important. This event is carried out with the aim of early detection of peripheral artery disease in diabetes mellitus sufferers in Mataram. A total of 183 diabetes mellitus patients at the Siti Hajar Hospital, Mataram, were participated in this event, with an average age of 57 years and 67.8% of them were women. Most of the patients (75.4%) had poor blood glucose control. Of these, 26.8% of patients had peripheral artery disease. Patients and/or caregivers showed high enthusiasm during the education regarding the detection results of the peripheral artery disease. This event was very useful in increasing the knowledge of diabetic patients, especially in terms of blood sugar control, prevention, and management of peripheral artery disease.

How can antipsychotics cause diabetes mellitus? Insights based on receptor-binding profiles, humoral factors and transporter proteins

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.C.J. Starrenburg ◽  
J.P.A.M. Bogers
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Agonistic Activity ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractThe prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is becoming a serious public health problem. The use of atypical antipsychotics has been associated with disruption of the glucose metabolism and therefore with causing DM. The underlying mechanisms are unknown, but knowledge of the differences between the pharmacological features of various antipsychotics combined with their diabetogenic profile might help us to understand those mechanisms. This article describes how the binding of various essential receptors or transporters in essential body tissues, adipose tissue, pancreatic tissue and liver and skeletal muscle tissue can cause disruption of the glucose metabolism. With such knowledge in mind one can try to explain the differences between the diabetogenic propensities of various antipsychotics. It is well known that clozapine and olanzapine cause weight gain and DM, whereas aripiprazole and ziprasidone have much less disruptive clinical profiles. The most significant risk factor for adiposity seems to be strong blocking of histaminergic receptors. An agonistic activity on serotonergic-1a receptors, with a very low affinity for muscarinergic-3 receptors, might protect against the development of DM. More data will become available which may help to solve the puzzle.

scholarly journals Study of the Déterminants of Stillbirths in the Reference Health Centers of Sélingué and Yorosso (Sikasso Region) From January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

Background: Stillbirths remain a major public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa and Mali. According to routine data collected from 2008 to 2016 in Sikasso, the health district of Sélingué had the highest stillbirth rate in the region (51.7 (‰) births) and that of Yorosso had the lowest (13.7 (‰) births). This led us to initiate this study to study the determinants of stillbirths in the Reference Health Centers of the two districts from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017. Methods: It was a case-control study of 440 cases including 110 cases and 330 controls in each of the Health Centers. The statistical analysis was done on SPSS version 20 and the writing was done on Word. The value of p<0.05 was found to be statistically significant. Result: The prevalence’s of stillbirths were 28, 6 ‰ in Sélingué and 140 ‰ in Yorosso. The Multivariate Analysis Yielded the Following Results: 1. Women who have not had an antenatal care have a 3 to 4 times higher risk of stillbirths than those who have had antenatal care (OR=3.87; CI: [1.86-8.04]; p=0.000); ambulance transport is a protective factor compared to other means of transport (OR: 0.27; CI: [0.09; 0.77];p=0.015); The following reasons for evacuation were risk factors for stillbirths: painful uterine contractions (OR: 4.23; CI: [1.55-11.55]; p=0.005) and stationary dilatation (OR: 6.04; CI: [1.11; 32.85], p=0.037). 2. In Yorosso, the multivariate analysis selected antenatal care as the only statistically significant risk factor for stillbirths. Women who did not have antenatal care were 4 times more likely to give birth to stillbirths than those who did (OR=4.27; CI: [1.08-16.88]; p=0.038). Conclusion: In light of these results, we believe that emphasis should be placed on the importance of prevention by strengthening antenatal care and improving evacuation conditions.

Long-term outcomes after radiosurgery for glomus jugulare tumors

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kita Sallabanda ◽  
Hernan Barrientos ◽  
Daniela Angelina Isernia Romero ◽  
Cristian Vargas ◽  
Jose Angel Gutierrez Diaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Glomus Jugulare ◽  
Clinical Control ◽  
Prior Surgery

Aims and background: The treatment of glomus jugulare tumors (GJT) remains controversial due to high morbidity. Historically, these tumors have primarily been managed surgically. The purpose of this retrospective review was to assess the tumor and clinical control rates as well as long-term toxicity of GJT treated with radiosurgery. Methods: Between 1993 and 2014, 30 patients with GJT (31 tumors) were managed with radiosurgery. Twenty-one patients were female and the median age was 59 years. Twenty-eight patients (93%) were treated with radiosurgery, typically at 14 Gy ( n = 26), and 2 patients (7%) with stereotactic radiosurgery. Sixteen cases (52%) had undergone prior surgery. Results: The mean follow-up was 4.6 years (range 1.5–12). Crude overall survival, tumor control, clinical control, and long-term grade 1 toxicity rates were 97%, 97%, 97%, and 13% (4/30), respectively. No statistically significant risk factor was associated with lower tumor control in our series. Univariate analysis showed a statistically significant association between patients having 1 cranial nerve (CN) involvement before radiosurgery and a higher risk of lack of improvement of symptoms (odds ratio 5.24, 95% confidence interval 1.06–25.97, p = .043). Conclusions: Radiosurgery is an effective and safe treatment modality for GJT. Patients having 1 CN involvement before radiosurgery show a higher risk of lack of improvement of symptoms.

MEASLES OUTBREAK IN A RURAL AREA OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-201
Author(s):  
Mir M Hassan Bullo ◽  
Mirza Amir Baig ◽  
Jawad Faisal Malik ◽  
Ejaz Ahmad Khan ◽  
Muazam Abbas Ranjha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Maculopapular Rash ◽  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
District Health ◽  
Active Case

Background: Measles is highly contagious vaccine preventable disease (VPD), and a major public health problem considered as leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries like Pakistan. An outbreak of measles was reported in Sharifabad Islamabad on 15th of April 2017, and an investigation was launched to assess the magnitude of outbreak, evaluate risk factors and recommend control measures. Methods: A comprehensive house to house active case search along with vaccine coverage survey was conducted from April 19-22, 2017. A case was defined as "onset of maculopapular rash with fever in a resident of Sharifabad with at least one of the following signs/ symptoms, Coryza, Conjunctivitis, Cough, Otitis media or Pneumonia present in between 19 March to 22nd April 2017". Four age & sex matched controls were selected from the neighborhood. Data was collected through interview method using structured questionnaire and vaccination coverage was determined by using Epi survey form. Blood samples were sent for laboratory confirmation. Results: A total of eight cases were identified through active case finding while three were reported by local practitioner. Mean age of cases were 20 months (range 8-36 months). Severely affected age-group was 1-2 years with attack rate of 46%. Around two-third (64%) of cases and a few (16%) of controls were unvaccinated against measles. Contact with measles patient [OR 25.2, CI 3.9-160.1, P=0.00], unvaccinated children [OR 9.2 CI 2.12-40.4, P=0.000], social misconception regarding vaccination [OR 7.8 CI 1.42-42.6, P=0.00], and distance from healthcare facility [OR 5.7 CI 1.15-28.35, P=0.02] were significant risk factors. Vaccine efficacy was 90%. Conclusion: Main reasons of the outbreak were contact with the cases, and low vaccination status. We recommended comprehensive measles vaccination and community awareness sessions. On our recommendations district health authority Islamabad carried out mop up of whole area.

Renal Failure after Coronary Bypass Surgery and the Associated Risk Factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 006
Author(s):  
Hasan Reyhanoglu ◽  
Kaan Ozcan ◽  
Murat Erturk ◽  
Fatih İslamoglu ◽  
İsa Durmaz
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Artery Bypass ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Artery Bypass ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Factors Associated

<strong>Objective:</strong> We aimed to evaluate the risk factors associated with acute renal failure in patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery.<br /><strong>Methods:</strong> One hundred and six patients who developed renal failure after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) constituted the study group (RF group), while 110 patients who did not develop renal failure served as a control group <br />(C group). In addition, the RF group was divided into two subgroups: patients that were treated with conservative methods without the need for hemodialysis (NH group) and patients that required hemodialysis (HR group). Risk factors associated with renal failure were investigated.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> Among the 106 patients that developed renal failure (RF), 80 patients were treated with conservative methods without any need for hemodialysis (NH group); while <br />26 patients required hemodialysis in the postoperative period (HR group). The multivariate analysis showed that diabetes mellitus and the postoperative use of positive inotropes and adrenaline were significant risk factors associated with development of renal failure. In addition, carotid stenosis and postoperative use of adrenaline were found to be significant risk factors associated with hemodialysis-dependent renal failure (P &lt; .05). The mortality in the RF group was determined as 13.2%, while the mortality rate in patients who did not require hemodialysis and those who required hemodialysis was 6.2% and 34%, respectively.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Renal failure requiring hemodialysis after CABG often results in high morbidity and mortality. Factors affecting microcirculation and atherosclerosis, like diabetes mellitus, carotid artery stenosis, and postoperative vasopressor use remain the major risk factors for the development of renal failure.<br /><br />

scholarly journals Fragility Fractures and Imminent Fracture Risk in the Spanish Population: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1082
Author(s):  
Maria-José Montoya-García ◽  
Mercè Giner ◽  
Rodrigo Marcos ◽  
David García-Romero ◽  
Francisco-Jesús Olmo-Montes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Population Based ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Skeletal Site ◽  
Mortality Incidence

Fragility fractures constitute a major public health problem worldwide, causing important high morbidity and mortality rates. The aim was to present the epidemiology of fragility fractures and to assess the imminent risk of a subsequent fracture and mortality. This is a retrospective population-based cohort study (n = 1369) with a fragility fracture. We estimated the incidence rate of index fragility fractures and obtained information on the subsequent fractures and death during a follow-up of up to three years. We assessed the effect of age, sex, and skeletal site of index fracture as independent risk factors of further fractures and mortality. Incidence rate of index fragility fractures was 86.9/10,000 person-years, with highest rates for hip fractures in women aged ≥80 years. The risk of fracture was higher in subjects with a recent fracture (Relative Risk(RR), 1.80; p < 0.01). Higher age was an independent risk factor for further fracture events. Significant excess mortality was found in subjects aged ≥80 years and with a previous hip fracture (hazard ratio, 3.43 and 2.48, respectively). It is the first study in Spain to evaluate the incidence of major osteoporotic fractures, not only of the hip, and the rate of imminent fracture. Our results provide further evidence highlighting the need for early treatment.

scholarly journals Anhedonia as a Potential Risk Factor of Alzheimer’s Disease in a Community-Dwelling Elderly Sample: Results from the ZARADEMP Project

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1370
Author(s):  
David Vaquero-Puyuelo ◽  
Concepción De-la-Cámara ◽  
Beatriz Olaya ◽  
Patricia Gracia-García ◽  
Antonio Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Major Public Health Problem

(1) Introduction: Dementia is a major public health problem, and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent subtype. Clarifying the potential risk factors is necessary in order to improve dementia-prevention strategies and quality of life. Here, our purpose was to investigate the role of the absence of hedonic tone; anhedonia, understood as the reduction on previous enjoyable daily activities, which occasionally is underdetected and underdiagnosed; and the risk of developing AD in a cognitively unimpaired and non-depressed population sample. (2) Method: We used data from the Zaragoza Dementia and Depression (ZARADEMP) project, a longitudinal epidemiological study on dementia and depression. After excluding subjects with dementia, a sample of 2830 dwellers aged ≥65 years was followed for 4.5 years. The geriatric mental state examination was used to identify cases of anhedonia. AD was diagnosed by a panel of research psychiatrists according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria. A multivariate survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression model were performed, and the analysis was controlled by an analysis for the presence of clinically significant depression. (3) Results: We found a significant association between anhedonia cases and AD risk in the univariate analysis (hazard ratio (HR): 2.37; 95% CI: 1.04–5.40). This association persisted more strongly in the fully adjusted model. (4) Conclusions: Identifying cognitively intact individuals with anhedonia is a priority to implement preventive strategies that could delay the progression of cognitive and functional impairment in subjects at risk of AD.

scholarly journals CECT in Pulmonary Thrombolism

2021 ◽  
pp. 284-293
Author(s):  
Shaha Pramod ◽  
Ragi Skanda ◽  
Bhoite Amol ◽  
Tamboli Asif ◽  
Gautama Amol
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Pulmonary Angiography ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Associated Conditions

Introduction: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common acute heart disease after myocardial infarction and stroke and is a major public health problem. PE is a disease that has high morbidity and mortality, yet it is challenging to obtain a diagnosis. Objective: The study aims to assess the role of MDCT-PA in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, and it's associated conditions in suspected cases of pulmonary embolism. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the department of radiology in KRISHNA INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL SCIENCES DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY situated in KARAD equipped with a 16 slice MDCT scanner (EMOTION) manufactured by Siemens. Results: Through the study period of one and half year and have met the inclusion criteria, a total of 90 consecutive patients who presented with suspicion of PE were referred for MDCT-PA in the department of radio-diagnosis, Krishna Hospital, Karad. A review of all the cases was done, and the results were presented in the form of tables. Conclusion: Multidetector computed tomography pulmonary angiography can be used to confidently diagnose pulmonary embolism in which it is not contraindicated. MDCT-PA is the investigation of choice because it is a rapid, non-invasive study, highly sensitive and specific.

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