scholarly journals IMPACT OF CADMIUM TOXICITY ON LEAF AREA AND STOMATAL CHARACTERISTICS IN FABA BEAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Piršelová
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Stomatal Characteristics

scholarly journals Do faba bean (Vicia faba L.) accessions from environments with contrasting seasonal moisture availabilities differ in stomatal characteristics and related traits?

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 2343-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Khazaei ◽  
Kenneth Street ◽  
Arja Santanen ◽  
Abdallah Bari ◽  
Frederick L. Stoddard
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Stomatal Characteristics ◽  
Vicia Faba L

scholarly journals Designing Cropping Systems to Improve the Management of the Invasive Weed Phalaris minor Retz.

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Gaofeng Xu ◽  
Shicai Shen ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
David Roy Clements ◽  
Shaosong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Phalaris Minor

Because cropping systems can greatly affect the establishment and spread of alien species populations, the design of cropping systems to control invasive weeds is an important approach for invasive species management in agro-ecosystems to avoid excessive increases in other control measures such as herbicides. The annual weed Phalaris minor Retz. (P. minor) is one of the most troublesome invasive weed species of winter crops in Yunnan Province, China, but the development of cropping systems for ecological control of this weed have received limited research attention. Here, we studied seed dormancy, germination characteristics and reproductive responses of P. minor to various cropping systems to show how cropping systems could be better designed to control P. minor in China. Our research showed that cropping systems significantly affected seed dormancy in submerged paddy fields. Phalaris minor seed remained dormant and the germination rates (less than 10%) were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than in maize fields and dry, bare soil conditions. Wheat, faba bean and rapeseed crops had no significant influence (p < 0.05) on the seed germination rate of P. minor, but increasing soil depth significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the germination rate and germination index of this weed. Total biomass, spike biomass, spike number and seed number of P. minor were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) with increasing proportions of the three crops (wheat, faba bean and rapeseed), with rapeseed having the strongest inhibition effects among the three crops. The reproductive allocation and reproductive investment of P. minor were also significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in mixed culture with wheat and rapeseed. With increasing proportions of wheat or rapeseed, the specific leaf area of P. minor significantly increased (p < 0.05), but the reverse was true for leaf area and specific leaf weight. Moreover, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate for P. minor also decreased significantly (p < 0.05) when grown with wheat or rapeseed. These results suggest that optimal cropping systems design could involve planting rapeseed in conjunction with deep plowing and planting rice (continuous submergence underwater) in summer. Such a system could reduce the field populations and seed bank of P. minor, thus providing a sustainable and environmentally friendly means of suppressing P. minor.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Development of Cercospora Leaf Spot of Faba Bean Influenced by In Situ Inoculum

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (9) ◽  
pp. 1823-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. E. Kimber ◽  
J. G. Paull ◽  
E. S. Scott ◽  
C. B. Dyson ◽  
J. A. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Over Time

The temporal and spatial dynamics of Cercospora leaf spot on susceptible and resistant lines of faba bean grown in or at defined distances from soil with residues infested by Cercospora zonata were examined in South Australia in 2005 and 2006. The disease was first observed on susceptible seedlings 49 days after sowing (DAS) in soil that had been sown with faba bean every 3 years since 1997 (positive soil zone for C. zonata) but was delayed by 1 week in adjacent soil (0 to 16 m away) with no history of cultivation of faba bean (negative soil zone). The incidence of diseased seedlings from 49 to 63 DAS showed a gradient from 4 to 16 m from the infested soil and was significantly greater for susceptible plants grown in the positive versus negative soil zones in field trials conducted in 2005 and 2006 (92 versus 30% in 2005, χ21 = 32.2, P < 0.001; 98 versus 55% in 2006, χ21 = 12.1, P < 0.001). The incidence of Cercospora leaf spot on the resistant line 1322/2 was significantly less (χ26 = 171.7; P < 0.001) than on the susceptible line ‘Farah’ at that time in both years, with fewer than 5% of the seedlings showing the disease. However, a gradient was shown at 70 to 84 DAS, where disease incidence was significantly greater on line 1322/2 in the positive soil zone than on plants in the negative soil zone in both years (62 and 18%, respectively, with χ21 = 27.9, P < 0.001 in the 2005 trial; and 47 and 6%, respectively, with χ21 = 33.3, P < 0.001 in the 2006 trial). At peak disease severity on Farah, Cercospora leaf spot mean leaf area diseased (%LAD) was severe (85 ± 4.3%) on leaves of the three nodes closest to the soil surface, and much less severe (1 ± 0.6%) in the upper canopy. Defoliation combined with %LAD was used to describe the loss of photosynthetic leaf area (%LPLA) in both cultivars, on both soil zones, in each year. Nonlinear regression analyses using a logistic model described disease development over time on susceptible plants grown in infested soil (e.g., for +12-m blocks within infested soil, y = 2.66 + 46.08/[1 + exp(−0.23 × [X − 40.92])] in 2005 and y = 0.49 + 5.02/[1 + exp(−0.14 × [X − 28.30])] in 2006, where X = DAS and y = %LPLA, with both regressions significant at P < 0.001), whereas an exponential model (e.g., for −12-m blocks from infested soil, y = 0.23 + 0.77 × 1.04X in 2005 and y = 0.44 + 0.56 × 1.04X in 2006, both at P < 0.001) best described disease gradients with increasing distance from the inoculum source. Paired t tests of %LPLA at 77 and 98 DAS showed significant differences in disease severity in the positive versus negative soil zones and a steep gradient in %LPLA from 0 to 4 m from the inoculum source. The role of infested faba bean residue in survival of C. zonata over time was also examined using a pot-bioassay and in situ field assay. When residues were removed from the soil surface or depleted rapidly by animal grazing, the amount of C. zonata inoculum in the soil was significantly less (P < 0.001) than for soil with residue remaining on the soil surface. C. zonata survived in soil and remained infective for at least 30 months after harvest of an infected faba bean crop.

scholarly journals Genotypic variation in leaf epicuticular wax quantity in a large faba bean (Vicia faba L.) germplasm collection

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 298-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Khazaei ◽  
Arja Santanen ◽  
Kenneth Street ◽  
Frederick L. Stoddard
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Stomatal Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Epicuticular Wax ◽  
And Function

AbstractAmong grain legumes, faba bean is reputed to be relatively sensitive to drought stress. Epicuticular wax (ECW) quantity is considered as an important drought adaptation strategy in plant species. This study aimed to define variation in leaf ECW concentration as a drought-adaptive trait in 197 faba bean accessions under well-watered conditions. The relationship between ECW and stomatal characteristics was also investigated. Highly significant differences were found in the ECW concentration, which ranged from 0.680 to 2.104 mg/dm2. No relationships were found between ECW and any measure of stomatal morphology and function. This study provides evidence of the wide variation in ECW in faba bean germplasm, which is independent of stomatal characteristics and leaf water content. This variation may allow the genetic improvement of ECW as a drought-adaptive character in faba bean breeding programs aiming at the economical use of water.

Response of leaf water status, stomatal characteristics, photosynthesis and yield in black gram and green gram genotypes to soil water deficit

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaswatee Baroowa ◽  
Nirmali Gogoi ◽  
Sreyashi Paul ◽  
Kushal Kumar Baruah
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Leaf Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll

Drought is one of the most important abiotic stresses constraining crop productivity worldwide. The objective of the present study was to investigate the differences in drought tolerance at leaf and stomatal level of black gram (genotypes: T9, KU 301, PU 19, USJD 113) and green gram (genotypes: Pratap, SG 21–5, SGC 16, TMB 37). Drought was applied for fifteen consecutive days at flowering stage (35 days after sowing). Mid-day leaf water potential (ΨL), leaf area, photosynthesis rate (PN), leaf chlorophyll, stomatal conductance (gs) and seed yield of drought- treated plants were calculated relative to those of well watered plants. Stomatal characteristics were observed in terms of stomatal frequency (SF) and stomatal aperture size (SA). Among the studied genotypes, T9 (black gram) and Pratap (green gram) proved their better tolerance capacity to drought by maintaining higher leaf area, ΨL, PN, leaf chlorophyll, gs and SA which contributed to better seed yield. Between the two crops, green gram appeared to be affected to a greater extent, as it experienced higher reduction in yield than black gram. A highly significant positive correlation (level 0.01) of seed yield was obtained with leaf area, ΨL, PN, leaf chlorophyll, gs and SA, whereas SF was found to be poorly correlated with seed yield.

scholarly journals Plant growth in response to CO² enrichment, at two levels of nitrogen and phosphorus supply. 1. Dry matter, leaf area and development.

1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Goudriaan ◽  
H.E. de Ruiter
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Negative Reaction ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

The effect on plant growth of doubling the normal aerial CO2 content was studied in lucerne, faba bean, perennial ryegrass, wheat, maize, poplar and potato. Because nutrients often limit growth, the effect of CO2 under N or P shortage was also studied. Doubling CO2 had the largest effect on DM yield with a good nutrient supply, but with N shortage part of the CO2 effect was retained even in non-leguminous spp. Except for faba bean, no CO2 effect existed with P shortage. Maize showed a small positive CO2 reaction under good nutrient supply but a negative one with nutrient shortage. Potato showed a small negative reaction to CO2 enrichment. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Comparison of Leaf and Stomatal Characteristics in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 360-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkut Peksen ◽  
Aysun Peksen ◽  
Cengiz Artik
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Stomatal Characteristics ◽  
Vicia Faba L
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