scholarly journals Soil radon flux fluctuation near the ground surface:Relationship with heavy precipitation

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Kazuhide Nemoto ◽  
Kojima Haruna ◽  
Chie Yoshino ◽  
Shu Kaneko ◽  
Akitsugu Kitade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Soil Radon ◽  
Radon Flux

scholarly journals Soil radon flux and concentrations in hydrothermal area of the Tatun Volcano Group, Northern Taiwan

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
TSANYAO FRANK YANG ◽  
HSIN-YI WEN ◽  
CHING-CHOU FU ◽  
HSIAO-FEN LEE ◽  
TEFANG FAITH LAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Radon ◽  
Radon Flux ◽  
Northern Taiwan

Soil radon flux and outdoor radon concentrations in East Asia

2005 ◽  
Vol 1276 ◽  
pp. 285-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihai Zhuo ◽  
Masahide Furukawa ◽  
Qiuju Guo ◽  
Yoon Shin Kim
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Soil Radon ◽  
Radon Flux ◽  
Radon Concentrations

Measurements and calculations of soil radon flux at 325 sites throughout Florida

1996 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 471-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Nielson ◽  
V.C. Rogers ◽  
R.B. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Soil Radon ◽  
Radon Flux

Correcting for interference in soil radon flux measurements

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tuccimei ◽  
M. Soligo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Radon ◽  
Radon Flux ◽  
Flux Measurements

Status and development prospects of standard means for reproducing units of volumetric activity of radon and thoron and radon flux density from the soil surface

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
S.G. Birjukov ◽  
O.I. Kovalenko ◽  
A.A. Orlov
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Volumetric Activity ◽  
Standard Means ◽  
Radon Flux ◽  
Technical Solutions ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
Physical Principles

The approach to creating standard means for reproducing units of volumetric activity of radon and thoron and flux density of radon from the soil surface is described based on the physical principles of reproducing these units of quantities and using as technical means for reproducing bubblers with a radioactive solution of radium salt, reference capacities of known volume, emanation chambers for generation of a toron, a gamma spectrometer with a semiconductor detector from highly pure germanium and radon radiometers. Reproduction consists in the physical realization of units in accordance with their definition as applied to the formation of radon and thoron in the radioactive rows of radium and thorium. The proposed approach will allow to determine the structural, structural and other technical solutions of standard measuring instruments, as well as specific techniques and methods of working with them. The creation of standard tools and technologies for reproducing units of volumetric activity of radon and thoron and the density of radon flux from the soil surface will ensure the unity and reliability of measurements in the field of ionizing radiation, traceability of units and bringing the characteristics of national standards in line with world achievements.

CONSIDERATION OF THE VALIDITY OF THE STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF pH IN SURFACE WATERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
V. B. Korobov ◽  
I. V. Miskevich ◽  
A. S. Lokhov ◽  
K. A. Seredkin
Keyword(s):  
Field Measurements ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
The State ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Environment Temperature ◽  
Unit Characteristic

Abstract: pH is one of the most important parameters characterizing the state of water systems. The arithmetic mean values of samples are often used when averaging serial pH measurements in water bodies, as is usually done for other characteristics of the state of the natural environment (temperature, salinity, oxygen concentrations, suspended solids, etc.). However, in this case such an operation is illegal, since the addition of logarithms, which by definition are pH, is non-additive. The authors conducted a study to determine the extent to which pH variability in natural objects such an operation would not distort the results. For this, several samples of the pH index were generated in various ranges of its theoretically possible and natural variability. It was established that with pH variability of less than a unit characteristic of marine pH values, the statistical characteristics of the indicator and [H+ ] concentrations differ slightly, and the medians of the samples coincide. It is concluded that with such ranges characteristic of the waters of the oceans, there is no need to recalculate previously obtained results. However, for the estuaries of rivers flowing into tidal seas, as shown by field measurements, the pH variability in the mixing zone of sea and river waters is several times higher. Similar situations may occur when heavy precipitation falls on the water surface, as well as during floods. In these cases, a simple averaging of the pH values will no longer be correct. In such cases, the use of other averaging algorithms and the choice of stable statistical characteristics are required.

scholarly journals A Prototype Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Algorithm for Operational S-Band Polarimetric Radar Utilizing Specific Attenuation and Specific Differential Phase. Part II: Performance Verification and Case Study Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen B. Cocks ◽  
Lin Tang ◽  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Alexander Ryzhkov ◽  
Brian Kaney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Differential Phase ◽  
Specific Attenuation ◽  
Quantitative Precipitation Estimation ◽  
Precipitation Estimation ◽  
Bias Ratio ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Precipitation Events

Abstract The quantitative precipitation estimate (QPE) algorithm developed and described in Part I was validated using data collected from 33 Weather Surveillance Radar 1988-Doppler (WSR-88D) radars on 37 calendar days east of the Rocky Mountains. A key physical parameter to the algorithm is the parameter alpha α, defined as the ratio of specific attenuation A to specific differential phase KDP. Examination of a significant sample of tropical and continental precipitation events indicated that α was sensitive to changes in drop size distribution and exhibited lower (higher) values when there were lower (higher) concentrations of larger (smaller) rain drops. As part of the performance assessment, the prototype algorithm generated QPEs utilizing a real-time estimated and a fixed α were created and evaluated. The results clearly indicated ~26% lower errors and a 26% better bias ratio with the QPE utilizing a real-time estimated α as opposed to using a fixed value as was done in previous studies. Comparisons between the QPE utilizing a real-time estimated α and the operational dual-polarization (dual-pol) QPE used on the WSR-88D radar network showed the former exhibited ~22% lower errors, 7% less bias, and 5% higher correlation coefficient when compared to quality controlled gauge totals. The new QPE also provided much better estimates for moderate to heavy precipitation events and performed better in regions of partial beam blockage than the operational dual-pol QPE.

scholarly journals PERSIANN-CCS-CDR, a 3-hourly 0.04° global precipitation climate data record for heavy precipitation studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Sadeghi ◽  
Phu Nguyen ◽  
Matin Rahnamay Naeini ◽  
Kuolin Hsu ◽  
Dan Braithwaite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Data Record ◽  
Precipitation Estimation ◽  
Precipitation Estimates ◽  
Global Precipitation ◽  
Climate Data Record

AbstractAccurate long-term global precipitation estimates, especially for heavy precipitation rates, at fine spatial and temporal resolutions is vital for a wide variety of climatological studies. Most of the available operational precipitation estimation datasets provide either high spatial resolution with short-term duration estimates or lower spatial resolution with long-term duration estimates. Furthermore, previous research has stressed that most of the available satellite-based precipitation products show poor performance for capturing extreme events at high temporal resolution. Therefore, there is a need for a precipitation product that reliably detects heavy precipitation rates with fine spatiotemporal resolution and a longer period of record. Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Cloud Classification System-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CCS-CDR) is designed to address these limitations. This dataset provides precipitation estimates at 0.04° spatial and 3-hourly temporal resolutions from 1983 to present over the global domain of 60°S to 60°N. Evaluations of PERSIANN-CCS-CDR and PERSIANN-CDR against gauge and radar observations show the better performance of PERSIANN-CCS-CDR in representing the spatiotemporal resolution, magnitude, and spatial distribution patterns of precipitation, especially for extreme events.

scholarly journals Local radon flux maxima in the quaternary sediments of Schleswig–Holstein (Germany)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Albert ◽  
Maximilian Schärf ◽  
Frieder Enzmann ◽  
Martin Waltl ◽  
Frank Sirocko
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Salt Diapirism ◽  
The North ◽  
Radon Flux ◽  
Published Evidence ◽  
Tectonically Active

AbstractThis paper presents radon flux profiles from four regions in Schleswig–Holstein (Northern Germany). Three of these regions are located over deep-rooted tectonic faults or salt diapirs and one is in an area without any tectonic or halokinetic activity, but with steep topography. Contrary to recently published studies on spatial patterns of soil radon gas concentration we measured flux of radon from soil into the atmosphere. All radon devices of each profile were deployed simultaneously to avoid inconsistencies due to strong diurnal variations of radon exhalation. To compare data from different seasons, values had to be normalized. Observed radon flux patterns are apparently related to the mineralogical composition of the Quaternary strata (particularly to the abundance of reddish granite and porphyry), and its grain size (with a flux maximum in well-sorted sand/silt). Minimum radon flux occurs above non-permeable, clay-rich soil layers. Small amounts of water content in the pore space increase radon flux, whereas excessive water content lessens it. Peak flux values, however, are observed over a deep-rooted fault system on the eastern side of Lake Plön, i.e., at the boundary of the Eastholstein Platform and the Eastholstein Trough. Furthermore, high radon flux values are observed in two regions associated with salt diapirism and near-surface halokinetic faults. These regions show frequent local radon flux maxima, which indicate that the uppermost strata above salt diapirs are very inhomogeneous. Deep-rooted increased permeability (effective radon flux depth) or just the boundaries between permeable and impermeable strata appear to concentrate radon flux. In summary, our radon flux profiles are in accordance with the published evidence of low radon concentrations in the “normal” soils of Schleswig–Holstein. However, very high values of radon flux are likely to occur at distinct locations near salt diapirism at depth, boundaries between permeable and impermeable strata, and finally at the tectonically active flanks of the North German Basin.

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