scholarly journals Optimal Temperature for Human Life Activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 809 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Guslisty ◽  
N. P. Malomuzh ◽  
A. I. Fisenko
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Shear Viscosity ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Plasma Viscosity ◽  
Optimal Temperature ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Life Activity ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Suspension Viscosity ◽  
Base Balance

The optimal temperature for the human life activity has been determined, by assuming that this parameter corresponds to the most intensive oxygen transport in arteries and the most intensive chemical reactions in the cells. The oxygen transport is found to be mainly governed by the blood saturation with oxygen and the blood plasma viscosity, with the both parameters depending on the temperature and the acid-base balance in blood. Additional parameters affecting the erythrocyte volume and, accordingly, the temperature of the most intensive oxygen transport are also taken into account. Erythrocytes are assumed to affect the shear viscosity of blood in the same way, as impurity particles change the suspension viscosity. It is shown that theoptimal temperature equals 36.6 ∘C under normal environmental conditions. The dependence of the optimal temperature for the human life activity on the acid-base index is discussed.

Oxygen transport and acid–base balance during exercise in the tammar wallaby

1999 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.K Snyder ◽  
R.V Baudinette ◽  
B.J Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

Effect of anemia on oxygen transport in hemorrhagic shock

1979 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 882-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. O. Malmberg ◽  
R. D. Woodson
Keyword(s):  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Exchange Transfusion ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Bleeding Rate ◽  
Shed Blood ◽  
Oxygen Capacity ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Opposing Effects

Effect of anemia on tolerance of hemorrhagic shock in rats was studied to examine opposing effects of altered oxygen capacity and viscosity on oxygen delivery at reduced blood flow. Hematocrit was first reduced by exchange transfusion. Hypotension (BP = 30 Torr) was induced and maintained at this level by controlled hemorrhage; it was terminated when reinfusion of shed blood became necessary to sustain this blood pressure. The period of compensation (time at 30 Torr until reinfusion) in control rats (Hct = 42.5 +/- 2.7%) was 59.23 min; in anemic rats (Hct = 23.3 +/- 2.2%) it was 53 +/- 15 min (SD, P = 0.086). Bleeding rate during shock, mortality, VO2, acid-base balance, and mortality were not influenced by anemia, except for slightly higher lactate in late shock in anemia. The lack of influence of anemia (cf. other perturbations of oxygen transport) was apparently due to a 59–88% increase in cardiac ouput during shock in anemia, which maintained VO2.

scholarly journals The 100th anniversary of pH (1909-2009). Negative logarithms for measuring hydrogen ions: are they essential in medicine? Part I

2013 ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Francesco Sgambato ◽  
Sergio Prozzo ◽  
Ester Sgambato ◽  
Rosa Sgambato ◽  
Luca Milano
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Ph Scale

Introduction: It has been 100 years since the concept of pH (1909-2009) was ‘‘invented’’ by the Danish chemist-mathematician Søren Peter Lauritz Sørensen (1868-1939) in the chemistry laboratories of the Carlsberg Brewery in Copenhagen. The anniversary provides an opportunity to examine the crucial importance in human life of acid-base balance. Materials and methods: The authors review the historical process that led to the creation of the pH scale, with citation of passages from the original work of Sørensen published 100 years ago. This is followed by a critical analysis of the debate regarding the use of logarithmstomeasure hydrogen ion concentrations based on data from scientific papers published over the past 50 years (1960-2010). Results and discussion: The authors conclude that the concept of acid-base balance can be approached and taught in a simpler, more exciting, and even pleasant fashion without using the infamous and abstruse Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The whole rationale underlying the understanding and clinical application of this vital topic is clearly and unquestionably inherent simpler, more manageable formula introduced by Henderson (without logs), which is useful and quite adequate for use in medical education.

scholarly journals Oxygen Transport and Acid-Base Balance in the Haemolymph of the Lobster, Homarus Gammarus, During Aerial Exposure and Resubmersion

1989 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 417-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. TAYLOR ◽  
N. M. WHITELEY
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Buffer Base ◽  
Lactate Levels

Submerged lobsters at 15°C were normoxaemic (CaOO2 = 0.52 mmol l−1 at a PaOO2 of 6.53 kPa) and normocapnic (PaCOCO2 = 0.44kPa; [HCO3−] = 9.3mequiv l−1 and pHa = 7.78). After 3h in air the haemolymph was markedly hypoxic and hypercapnic (PaOO2 = 1.6 kPa; CaOO2 0.2 mmol l−1; PaCOCO2 = 0.7kPa and pHa = 7.64). Disturbance after 3h in air caused a greater increase in PaCOCO2 to 1.28 kPa and a fourfold increase in lactate levels to 3.6 mmol 1−1. The combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis reduced pHa to 7.39. After 14 h in air, undisturbed lobsters remained hypoxic and hypercapnic (PaOO2 = 1.2kPa; PaCOCO2 = 1.2kPa). Lactate levels had increased to 6.2 mmol l−1. Despite this clear limit on respiratory gas exchange in air, oxygen transport by the haemolymph was restored. A rise in buffer base ([HCO3−] = l5.8 mequiv l−1) compensated for the potential respiratory and metabolic acidosis and pH was unchanged at 7.63. The combined effects of the increase in lactate (ΔlogP50/Δlog[lactate] = −0.175) and calcium (ΔlogP50/Δlog[Ca2+] = −0.20 at pH7.63) levels contributed to an increase in oxygen affinity of haemocyanin at constant pH. Consequently, mean CaOO2 increased from 0.2 to 0.38 mmol l−1 between 3h and 14h in air. Resubmergence after 14 h in air resulted in a transient alkalosis due to retention of bicarbonate; oxygen and CO2 were rapidly restored to submerged levels. The lobster possesses the appropriate respiratory adaptations for survival during the relatively long periods of exposure in air encountered during commercial shipment.

scholarly journals The 100th anniversary of the invention of pH (1909-2009) - Part II. Was it really necessary to replace the Henderson equation with that of Henderson-Hasselbalch?

2012 ◽  
pp. 215-226
Author(s):  
Francesco Sgambato ◽  
Sergio Prozzo ◽  
Ester Sgambato ◽  
Rosa Sgambato ◽  
Luca Milano
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Human Life ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Hasselbalch Equation ◽  
School Curricula

Introduction: The year 2009 marked the centenary of the ‘‘invention’’ of the concept of pH by the Danish chemist-mathematician Søren Peder Lauritz Sørensen (1868-1939), who was working at the time in the chemistry laboratories of the Carlsberg Brewery in Copenhagen. The occasion provides an opportunity to re-examine a concept that is crucial for the understanding of human life–—namely, acid-base balance. This article provides an overview of acid-base pathophysiology and the historical events that led from the simple equation of Henderson to the much more complex one developed by Hasselbalch. Conclusions: The authors conclude that the issue of acid-base balance would be easier to understand, more exciting, and even more pleasant if it were taught without recourse to the infamously abstruse Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. Unquestionably, the whole rationale underlying the understanding and clinical application of this vital concept is already inherent in the simpler, more manageable formula of Henderson (without logs), which is both useful and sufficient for use in medical school curricula.

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