scholarly journals Methods and Models for Employment of the Expert Analytical Knowledge in Organization Decision Making. Part II. The Ontological relations and the decisions field coherency analysis

2016 ◽  
pp. 066-080
Author(s):  
E.P. Ilina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Special Class ◽  
Normative Knowledge ◽  
Previous Part ◽  
Ontological Model ◽  
Risk Issue ◽  
Actual Decision

Some types of relations between the elements of the organization decisions system are formalized using the ontological model proposed in the previous part of the article. This model reflects both the normative knowledge and expert views. There are such the classes of relations as genetic, coordination (connection or resemblance) and opposing ones. The special class of clastering relations is determined. Eight types of such relations select the subsets of the decision field that represent risk issue for the actual decision or the eventual remedies for this risk. The main indexes of the decision field coherency are formalized and metrizied. The potentialities of the proposed formalizm using for the analytical support of the organization decision are considered.

scholarly journals Elite Decision-making and International Law: Promises and Perils of the Behavioral Revolution

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 242-247
Author(s):  
Emilie M. Hafner-Burton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
International Law ◽  
Real World ◽  
General Public ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Direct Study ◽  
The People ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Actual Decision

A growing body of research applies behavioral approaches to the study of international law, mainly by studying convenience samples of students or other segments of the general public. Alongside the promises of this agenda are concerns about applying findings from non-elite populations to the people, and groups of people, charged with most real-world decision-making in the domain of law and governance. This concern is compounded by the fact that it is extremely difficult to recruit these actual decision-makers in a way that allows for direct study.

scholarly journals Coordinating a Supply Chain with a Loss-Averse Retailer and Effort Dependent Demand

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liying Li ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Loss Aversion ◽  
Special Class ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Supply Chain Performance ◽  
Channel Coordination ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
Decision Making Behavior ◽  
Dependent Demand

This study investigates the channel coordination issue of a supply chain with a risk-neutral manufacturer and a loss-averse retailer facing stochastic demand that is sensitive to sales effort. Under the loss-averse newsvendor setting, a distribution-free gain/loss-sharing-and-buyback (GLB) contract has been shown to be able to coordinate the supply chain. However, we find that a GLB contract remains ineffective in managing the supply chain when retailer sales efforts influence the demand. To effectively coordinate the channel, we propose to combine a GLB contract with sales rebate and penalty (SRP) contract. In addition, we discover a special class of gain/loss contracts that can coordinate the supply chain and arbitrarily allocate the expected supply chain profit between the manufacturer and the retailer. We then analyze the effect of loss aversion on the retailer’s decision-making behavior and supply chain performance. Finally, we perform a numerical study to illustrate the findings and gain additional insights.

scholarly journals Models for Multiple Attribute Decision Making with Some 2-Tuple Linguistic Pythagorean Fuzzy Hamy Mean Operators

Mathematics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiumei Deng ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Guiwu Wei ◽  
Mao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Multiple Attribute Decision Making ◽  
Linguistic Terms ◽  
Multiple Integration ◽  
Multiple Attribute ◽  
Pythagorean Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Actual Decision

The Hamy mean (HM) operator, as a useful aggregation tool, can capture the correlation between multiple integration parameters, and the 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (2TLPFNs) are a special kind of Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (PFNs), which can easily describe the fuzziness in actual decision making by 2-tuple linguistic terms (2TLTs). In this paper, to consider both Hamy mean (HM) operator and 2TLPFNs, we combine the HM operator, weighted HM (WHM) operator, dual HM (DHM) operator, and dual WHM (DWHM) operator with 2TLPFNs to propose the 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy HM (2TLPFHM) operator, 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy WHM (2TLPFWHM) operator, 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy DHM (2TLPFDHM) operator and 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy DWHM (2TLPFDWHM) operator. Then some multiple attribute decision making (MADM) procedures are developed based on these operators. At last, an applicable example for green supplier selection is given.

scholarly journals The estimation of seismic risk for central Italy

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CAPUTO ◽  
V. I. KEILIS-BOROK ◽  
T. I. KRONROD ◽  
G. M. MOLCHAN ◽  
G. F. PANZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Actual Decision

The estimation of seismic risk is made for three types of objects in the central Italy, considering three kinds of models: 1) - A(2I,g): the intensity of the Poisson's flow of earthquakes, M being the magnitude, g the liypocentre. 2) - I(g,g,M): giving the distribution on the surface for a single earthquake (g,M), g being the epicentre. 3) - x(g,I): giving the effect x of the shakings of intensity / , g being the position of the object. For actual decision-making additional computations may be necessary in order to estimate how our results are influenced by the errors in these models. However practical decision can be made on the basis of these data, because the experience shows that normally results are exagerated.

ASSESSING THE ASSESSMENTS: BRITISH PLANNING AUTHORITIES AND THE REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENTAL STATEMENTS

1999 ◽  
Vol 01 (03) ◽  
pp. 369-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
PHILIPPA KREUSER ◽  
RICHARD HAMMERSLEY
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Local Planning ◽  
Consultation System ◽  
Independent Review ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Fit For Purpose ◽  
British Planning ◽  
Actual Decision ◽  
Planning Authority

For environment assessments to provide a positive contribution to official decision making in planning, the resulting environmental statement (ES) needs to exhibit such qualities as veracity, completeness and understandability; therefore the planning authority should "review" the ES to establish whether this is indeed the case and then move on to utilising the information contained therein. This research surveyed a sample of British local planning authorities to discover how they "assess the assessments" and use the information supplied. The literature suggests that planners use the "statutory consultation" system to achieve many aspects of a review, and therefore, a sample of consultees was asked about their treatment of ESs. From the surveys, it is clear that planners do in fact place great reliance on the consultees to review, verify and summarise at least parts of ESs. However there is some mismatch between the expectations of consultee review on the part of planners against the objectives of the consultees themselves. This then throws into question how useful the information is in the actual decision making processes. The paper goes on to examine the alternatives available for reviews and proposes the development of an independent review body which can ensure that ESs are "fit for purpose".

13. The nature of judicial review

2020 ◽  
pp. 277-308
Author(s):  
Neil Parpworth
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Private Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Procedural Reform ◽  
Actual Decision ◽  
Public Bodies

Judicial review is a procedure whereby the courts determine the lawfulness of the exercise of executive power. It is concerned with the legality of the decision-making process as opposed to the merits of the actual decision. Thus it is supervisory rather than appellate. Emphasis is also placed on the fact that the jurisdiction exists to control the exercise of power by public bodies. This chapter discusses the supervisory jurisdiction of the courts, procedural reform, the rule in O’Reilly v Mackman, the public law/private law distinction, collateral challenge, and exclusion of judicial review. The procedure for making a claim for judicial review under the Civil Procedural Rules (CPR) 54 is outlined.

Supporting Pediatric Patients and Their Families at the End of Life: Perspectives From Bereaved Parents

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 1009-1015
Author(s):  
Laura K. Sedig ◽  
Jessica L. Spruit ◽  
Trisha K. Paul ◽  
Melissa K. Cousino ◽  
Harlan McCaffery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Parental Perception ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Bereaved Parents ◽  
Actual Decision

Background: Cancer remains the leading cause of death by disease for children in the United States. It is imperative to optimize measures to support patients and families facing the end of a child’s life. This study asked bereaved parents to reflect on their child’s end-of-life care to identify which components of decision-making, supportive services, and communication were helpful, not helpful, or lacking. Methods: An anonymous survey about end-of-life experiences was sent to families of children treated at a single institution who died of a malignancy between 2010 and 2017. Results: Twenty-eight surveys were returned for a 30.8% response rate. Most of the bereaved parents (61%) reported a desire for shared decision-making; this was described by 52% of families at the end of their child’s life. There was a statistically significant association between how well death went and whether the parental perception of actual decision-making aligned with desired decision-making ( P = .002). Families did not utilize many of the supportive services that are available including psychology and psychiatry (only 22% used). Respondents felt that additional services would have been helpful. Conclusions: Health care providers should strive to participate in decision-making models that align with the preferences of the patient and family and provide excellent communication. Additional resources to support families following the death of a child should be identified for families or developed and funded if a gap in available services is identified.

The falsifiability of actual decision-making models.

2014 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 676-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Heathcote ◽  
E.-J. Wagenmakers ◽  
Scott D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Making Models ◽  
Actual Decision

Perceived and Actual Decision Making by Novice Baccalaureate Students

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 616-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan E. Thiele ◽  
Janet Holloway ◽  
Denice Murphy ◽  
Jill Pendarvis ◽  
Mary Stucky
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Actual Decision

scholarly journals Neural Activity Reveals Preferences without Choices

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Smith ◽  
B. Douglas Bernheim ◽  
Colin F. Camerer ◽  
Antonio Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Neural Activity ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Choice Data ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Potential Value ◽  
Out Of Sample ◽  
Actual Decision

We investigate the feasibility of inferring the choices people would make (if given the opportunity) based on their neural responses to the pertinent prospects when they are not engaged in actual decision making. The ability to make such inferences is of potential value when choice data are unavailable, or limited in ways that render standard methods of estimating choice mappings problematic. We formulate prediction models relating choices to “nonchoice” neural responses, and use them to predict out-of-sample choices for new items and for new groups of individuals. The predictions are sufficiently accurate to establish the feasibility of our approach. (JEL D12, D87)

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