scholarly journals Polish Consulate in Odessa in 1918 – 1920 and its Archive

2017 ◽  
pp. 415-424
Author(s):  
Tomasz Ciesielski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Large Group ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

General Consulate of the Republic of Poland established in Odessa in 2003 is the third Polish diplomatic mission in the Black Sea region of present – day Ukraine. The second Polish consulate, representing the reviving Polish statehood, functioned at the Black Sea between January 1919 and the beginning of February 1920, with almost a 5-month-long break, during the first Bolshevik occupation of Odessa. Zenon Belina Brzozowki was the consul in office during the period of January, 4, 1919 to March, 3, 1919 and then again since the end of August, (between April and August he stayed in Istanbul), in October and November, 1919 he was replaced by Stanisław Srokowski, a diplomat in the rank of I class consul, i.e. the present general consul. The consulate changed its location few times, and in different months the number of its employees varied from a few people to over a dozen. The consulat functioned in Odessa until March, 3, 1920 when it was evacuated along with a large group of Polish citizens because of the inevitability of the Bolshevik takeover of the city. Consulate staff and archives reached Warsaw in March 1920. Not many archival materials regarding the functioning of Polish consulat in the Black Sea region were saved.

scholarly journals The Investigation of Sinop Coastal Area Pattern in Terms of Coastal Management

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Oylum Gokkurt Baki ◽  
Osman Nuri Ergun
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Coastal Management ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Coastal Land Use ◽  
The City ◽  
Coastal Land

Sinop is a province located at the Black Sea region and it is rich in scenic beauty and cultural values and has potential touristic resources. Moreover, it is one of the most prominent port towns in the Black Sea region. The area, which can be qualified as the most important and prominent image region of the city, comprise the coastal land use line of the province. However, the city fails to utilize this advantage. The master plan of the city has substantially changed through the years. The present study aimed to determine the changes in the master plans of the city through the years, the distribution of the coastal land use areas and changes in the utilization of the coastal areas through the years. Evaluating the current administrative competence/constraints in the coastal area with respect to the data obtained in the study is also among the goals of the study. Furthermore, by taking the impact of environmental factors on the ratio of the land use areas into consideration, examining these data in terms of coastal management planning to create habitats that better suit the vital requirements is another prospect of the study. In addition, the evaluation of some coastal area-associated issues including the extent of the effect of current erosion issues on the development of the coastal area was also included in the study. The percentage of the current functional coastal areas in the province, the distribution of the number of building floors and the changes in these data by years were also investigated. For these evaluations, zoning revisions and 1/2000, 1/5000 and 1/10000 maps were examined to determine the coastal area zoning changes and filling areas. Fieldworks were carried out in the coastal area of the city to determine and observe the state of the area. The data was collected by contacting relevant institutions and organizations and carrying out fieldworks. Considering the data obtained in the study, measures to remedy the zoning deficiencies in the coastal area and the city center were proposed. The obtained data and evaluations obtained revealed that the province is in need of new and sustainable planning and there is a necessity to include implementations that are based on integrated coastal area management principals.

Santa Maria della Purificazione: the First Capuchin Church in the Black Sea Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Vanessa R. de Obaldía
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Church Building ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Santa Maria

Abstract Santa Maria della Purificazione was the first Latin Catholic church built by the Friars Minor Capuchin in the Black Sea region during the post-Tanzimat period. It was an example of the order settlement after it sought refuge in the region due to its expulsion from Russian Georgia, where it was based since the mid-seventeenth century. Furthermore, this study analyzes the history of Capuchins at the time of their arrival in Trabzon in 1845, with the establishment of their church, friary, school, and cemetery, the latter intended to meet the needs of the local and foreign Latin Catholic residents of the city. The topic is also historically dealt with in terms of demography and urban planning. All these aspects are examined in the wider context of the legal impact of the Tanzimat on church building.

scholarly journals Resettlement of the Mennonites in the Black Sea Region in the 19th Century: Particularities of Solving the Land Issue

2019 ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
Tatjana Nazarova ◽  
Olga Redkinа
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

Introduction. The article considers the processes of resettlement of the Mennonites in the Black Sea region in the 19th century and solving the land issue which is closely connected with it. Methods and materials. The archival documents of funds of the State archive of the Republic of Crimea and published materials from collections, first of all the acts devoted to the issue of foreign colonization in the Russian Empire formed the source base of the research. The general historical principles of historicism and objectivity and also specific methods are the methodological basis of the research: historical and comparative, historical and genetic, historical and system methods. Analysis. The analysis of the colonization legislation concerning foreign immigrants shows high interest of the government in involving the Mennonites to settling of Novorossiysk region. The land issue was resolved differently: till the 1840s all lands were given to the Mennonites to “eternal” possession of the whole colony, without the right of alienation to third parties; also because of the shortage of free state lands the colonists were granted the permission to buy lands; the government also bought comfortable lands to treasury for its distribution among the Mennonites. Results. The authors underline the following features of land management in Mennonite settlements: land plots were distributed by household and family, without splitting (sixty five tithes per family); there was a minority right, which led to an increase in the number of landless. In the second half of the 19th century resettlement of the Mennonites went due to the land purchase or long-term rent with the subsequent repayment, land plots began to be split.

scholarly journals TURKEY AND RUSSIA AS MAJOR PLAYERS IN THE BLACK SEA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Nuri Demirel
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

Currently, the Republic of Turkey plays a vital role in international processes taking place on the world stage. Since ancient times, at the crossroads of the paths between the world of East and West, the Republic of Turkey claims to have an excellent position in the relations of these regions with each other, as well as in their internal processes and events. The universal location between Europe and Asia makes Turkish foreign policy one of its main political issues, especially in the field of regional cooperation. Moreover, the changes in the world of recent decades, such as the collapse of the USSR, revolutions and military operations in eastern countries, the transition of Crimea to Russia, lead to the fact that Turkey pursued its foreign policy thoughtfully and actively, taking the most advantageous positions for itself. An essential region for pursuing Turkish policy is the Black Sea region. The events of recent years have significantly affected him and the role that large states play in him, such as the Republic of Turkey and the Russian Federation. It also began to arouse great interest among states and regions of the Western world, such as the European Union. The changed geopolitical structure of the Black Sea region has led to the need for its members to determine their positions and areas of interaction in which they are ready to cooperate or, on the contrary, to oppose each other. In this article, the author will examine the relations of the Turkish Republic and the Russian Federation in the Black Sea region and its importance. In this study, political relations, security, economy, energy, and security will be discussed. In the conclusion of the study, the current state of Turkey-Russia relations and assessments will be made about its future.

Our Own People? Repatriation, Citizenship, Belonging

2020 ◽  
pp. 172-196
Author(s):  
Philip E. Phillis ◽  
Philip E. Phillis
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Diverse Populations ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Ideological Background ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

Amongst the diverse populations migrating to Greece in the 1990s were also thousands of so-called ‘co-ethnic’ Orthodox Greeks from Southern Albania and the Black Sea Region (also known as the Pontic region) who were summoned back to their alleged homeland. Three films have dealt with the agenda of repatriation and its problematic ideological background: From the Snow/Ap to Hioni (1993), From the Edge of the City/Ap tin Akri tis Polis (1998) and Xenia (2014) expose the essentialisms of national identity, evoking simultaneously the bewilderment of co-ethnics, who were ultimately welcomed as strangers, and their struggles to assimilate. Despite many differences in form, all three films put the very notion of repatriation to the test and tackle head-on patriarchal discourses that figured prominently in the country’s nationalist program. The author thus maintains a focus on the potential of Greek immigration films to radically screen repatriation and to forge an inclusive definition of Greekness.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF THE BLACK SEA SECURITY COOPERATION BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF TURKEY AND UKRAINE AND THE EUROPEAN UNION BLACK SEA SYNERGY SECURITY SYSTEM

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-179
Author(s):  
Elmira Akhmedova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Regional Stability ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey

The article examines the content, main points, and objectives of the European Union 2007 Regional Cooperation Initiative Black Sea Synergy, issues that lie within the common interests of the Black Sea states as well as potential challenges to the regional stability in the Black Sea region. It also examines the basic legal documents which are an integral part of the European Union’s legal international cooperation in the framework of the Black Sea Initiative. It also researches the national interests of Ukraine, the main directions and the importance of building strategic relations between Ukraine and the Turkish Republic in terms of ensuring regional stability in the Black Sea region.The article researches the importance of the Black Sea region in building security and stability in Europe and Asia, international legal documents between the parties in building regional Black Sea security and strategic interests of Ukraine in cooperation with the Republic of Turkey in the Black Sea security. It is stressed that the Black Sea Region is one of the main factors in building security and stability in Europe and Asia. Along with other issues in the region, ethnic conflicts, ongoing state-building processes, possessing the vast natural resources, the strategic significance of transportation corridors means that the region is an extremelyimportant and sensitive area. Special attention is given to an analysis of bilateral relations between the Republic of Turkey and Ukraine that are becoming more strategic consideringTurkey’s special role in the Black Sea region and its complementary role for the European Union policy in the region. It states that the dramatic change in the geopolitical situation in the region in 2014 led to the revision of Ukraine’s foreign policy towards the Republic of Turkey. The Republic of Turkey has moved to the top of Ukraine’s foreign policy priorities following the loss of Crimea, the conflict in eastern Ukraine and the general aggravation of the security situation in theBlack Sea region. The article concludes that the Black Sea Synergy remains declarative as itdoes not provide a clear explanation of the EU’s political position on the Black Sea issues. It requires very specific action to prevent real threats. In the current situation, Ukraine can only achieve its strategic goal through cooperation within the framework of regional associations of different plans. 

scholarly journals Ordu İli Küçükbaş Hayvancılığının Mevcut Durumu, Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 345
Author(s):  
Hilal Tozlu Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Rugged Terrain ◽  
The Third

The Black Sea Region has a convenient structure for small ruminants in livestock activities thanks to its mountainous, rugged terrain, climate and socio-economic structure. Ordu is the third largest city of the Black Sea Region. The purpose of this research is to determine the current status of small ruminant in Ordu province and offer solutions by defining the problems.

scholarly journals Anatolia as a bridge from north to south? Recent research in the Hatti heartland

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Thomas Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Early Bronze Age ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North

AbstractThis paper aims to reappraise and evaluate central Anatolian connections with the Black Sea region and the Caucasus focusing mainly on the third millennium BC. In its first part, a ceremonial item, the knobbed or ‘mushroom’ macehead, in its various appearances, is discussed in order to reconstruct a possible pattern of circulation and exchange of shapes and values over a longer period of time in the regions of Anatolia, southeast Europe and the Caucasus in the third and late second to early first millennium BC. The second part is devoted to the archaeometrical study of selected metal and mineral artefacts from the Early Bronze Age necropolis of Resuloğlu, which together with the contemporary settlement and graveyard at Kalınkaya-Toptaştepe represent two typical later Early Bronze Age sites in the Anatolian heartland. The high values of tin and arsenic used for most of the smaller jewellery items are suggestive of an attempt to imitate gold and silver, and the amounts of these alloying agents suggest a secure supply from arsenic sources located along the Black Sea littoral in the north and probably tin ores to the southeast of central Anatolia. This places these ‘Hattian’ sites within a trade network that ran from the Pontic mountain ridge to the Taurus foothills.

scholarly journals Media component of geopolitical clashes: Black Sea Basin area

Moldoscopie ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Lescu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Media Component ◽  
Russian Media ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
The Eu

The collapse of the Soviet Empire and the dizzying development of new communication technologies, led to the geopolitical reconfiguration of the world, but also opened the way for the former Soviet republics to democracy and collaboration with European countries. As NATO and the EU advance towards Russia’s borders, it makes both military and ideological propaganda efforts to keep the territories of the past under its influence. Not without the competition of Russia in the countries of the “close neighborhood”- Ukraine, the Republic Of Moldova and Georgia were inspired conflicts, called to preserve military, political, ideological and economic control over these regions. A fierce battle is also waging by Russia for the strengthening of its positions in the Black Sea region, where geoprafically Ukraine, the Republic Of Moldova and Georgia are located. The article highlights the strategies, tactics and techniques applied by the Russian media in order to achieve geopolitical goals.

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