scholarly journals History and prospects of research of the Black Sea estuaries

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-75
Author(s):  
V.O. YEMELIANOV ◽  
T.B. KULAHA
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Water Area ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Individual

Black Sea estuaries are phenomenon of geological nature and are not only an important component of the Black Sea geoecosystem, but also they are important component of local and regional ecological, socioeconomic systems of the coastal territory of Ukraine. Affecting the livelihoods and wellbeing of the population of these systems, estuaries from ancient times have attracted the attention of researchers. Unfortunately, the ecological status of these reservoirs has been worsening over the last decades because of the complex of reasons that require comprehensive study, analysis, development and implementation of a specific system of action, which cannot be realized without knowing at least the major milestones in the history of the research of these unique formations. Based on the published materials, information on the history of studies of estuaries of the northwestern Black Sea coast has been systematized. The history of the research has been reproduced in chronological order for the largest estuaries of the Black Sea, taking into account the current level of their study and identifying the main problems regarding their ecological status. The article gives a brief description of the current conditions and status of the largest Black Sea estuaries and some facts from the history of their research. In order to preserve the natural value of estuaries for their further research and rational use, the authors propose to use the methodology, the basic component of which is the geoecosystem paradigm, and henceforth study each estuary as a complete geoecological system taking into account all its components (subsystems), elements and conditions, which affect the formation and functioning of all components and the system as a whole. Geoecosystem paradigm together with a certain ecological and economic approach will allow to study in detail the geoecological conditions of water area of estuaries and adjacent territories, to evaluate their geoecological systems in terms of the prospects for their provision of certain services to the individual and / or society. Geoecosystem paradigm also allows to draw conclusions on optimizing the use of resources of these estuaries.

Andrey Murav’yov’s travel in Abkhazia

2021 ◽  
pp. 217-233
Author(s):  
Marina I. Shcherbakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
History Of Christianity ◽  
City Life ◽  
Literary Pilgrimage ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
John Chrysostom ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic State ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the little-known travel notes about Abkhazia by Andrey N. Murav’yov, an outstanding Russian spiritual writer, the pioneer of the genre of literary pilgrimage travels, the discoverer of Christian and Orthodox shrines in Russia and abroad for his compatriots and contemporaries. Travel essay “Abkhazia. Pitsunda”, included as a separate chapter in the book “Georgia and Armenia”, was created under the impression of the author’s trip in the spring of 1847 to the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. It presents genre sketches of the city life of Sukhumi, descriptions of the luxurious southern nature, it gives excursions into the history of the region, and it characterises the features of the economic state. The main part of Andrey Murav’yov’s Black Sea memories concerns Pitsunda. As a deep connoisseur of the history of Christianity, Andrey Murav’yov traced its ancient roots in the land of Abkhazia, where the apostles Simon the Canaanean, Andrew the First- Called, St. John Chrysostom. In detailed descriptions of the ancient churches, the writer recorded their condition; despite the artistic form of the story, they have the value of a reliable historical document that helps to reconstruct many of the losses that occurred under the influence of time.

scholarly journals A 5600-yr history of changing vegetation, sea levels and human impacts from the Black Sea coast of Georgia

The Holocene ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon E. Connor ◽  
Ian Thomas ◽  
Eliso V. Kvavadze
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sea Coast

scholarly journals Review of the Materials of the Baron F. F. Turnau’s Military Survey Expeditions on the Black Sea Coast of the Caucasus in the 1830s

2020 ◽  
pp. 664-675
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Tkachenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Military History ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
General Staff ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Sea Coast

The article analyses the corpus of documents from the fonds of the Russian State Military History Archive, formed in the 1830s during the General Staff officer Feodor Turnau’s expeditions of to the Black Sea coast zone, which lay outside the Imperial control. Although his activities among the Circassian tribes can be termed one of the best Russian secret scouting missions and his memoirs published in 1864 are still considered an important source for studying the military and political history of the region, materials and reports of the survey missions have never been examined in modern Caucasus studies. The author compares the data included by Turnau in his secret reports to the Imperial authorities with what he mentioned in his memoirs. It shows which issues the Imperial authorities and the Caucasus Army command were interested in during the Russo-highlanders confrontation of the second half of the 1830s. The materials collected by F. F. Turnau can be useful not only in terms of clarifying certain aspects of his personal activities, but also in demonstrating the running of secret survey scouting in unexplored and dangerous ethnic territories off the Imperial frontier. They show high erudition and good training of the candidates selected from the ranks of the General Staff officers to run these scouting missions. The correspondence of the Caucasus Army commander with the central authorities in St. Petersburg on the issue of Turnau’s captivity shows differences in their understanding of the Russo-Caucasus relations. The author comes to the conclusion that the corpus of collected materials on topography, ethnography, political and cultural description of the Transkubanian region peoples could have formed a basis for a revision of the Imperial stand on the subjugation of tribal groups. Although this political alternative was missed, the materials collected by Turnau became a precious addition to the Caucasus studies source base.

PERSPECTIVES OF THE PRACTICAL USE OF THE KIZILTASHSKY LIMAN GROUP

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Krylenko ◽  
Marina Krylenko
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Ramsar Convention ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Recreational Use ◽  
Active Recreation

The Kiziltashsky limans are the largest water bodies of land-to-sea interface zone of the Krasnodar region Black Sea coast separated from the Black Sea by Anapa bay-bar. Their territory is included in the Perspective list of the Ramsar Convention as a unique wetland of international importance. Currently, the main type of recreational use of the liman water area is active rest. A diversity of natural conditions, a small degree of economic transformation of the landscape in combination with good transport access makes it possible to combine the active recreation forms with health-improving rest at the Anapa resort. In the presented paper the different proposals for economic use of the Kiziltashsky limans are analysed in terms of influence to geoecosystem.

Hieromonk Arseniy (Worldly Aleksandr Minin) — Founder of the New Athos Monastery Named After Simon the Canaanean

2021 ◽  
pp. 234-272
Author(s):  
Marina I. Shcherbakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
Publishing Activity ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sea Coast

The article presents an outline of the life of Hieromonk Arseniy (worldly Aleksandr Minin) — founder and first builder of the New Athos Monastery named after Simon the Canaanean. According to the preserved sources, his path is traced, which preceded the trip to Athos. Upon arrival at the Holy Mountain of Athos, Aleksandr Minin carried out various assignments of the elders in the monastery. The return to Russia was associated with a new taking of God’s orders by collecting donations for Panteleimon Russian Monastery on Athos. Vigorous activity about Arseny consisted in the arrangement of a permanent monastery courtyard in Moscow, a chapel, where the Athonite shrines brought by him were preserved. Fr. Arseny stood at the origins of the publishing activity of the Athos Saint Panteleimon Monastery, founded in 1878 in Moscow its periodical “The Soul-Saving Reflections” (“The Soul-Saving Interlocutor”). He himself wrote a lot, mainly spiritual and moral instructions, instructive letters. In the mid- 1870s Fr. Arseniy’s taking of God’s orders was supplemented with one more, more difficult one — the response to the oppression of the Russian monks on the Holy Mountain, he was instructed to find a place on the Black Sea coast where a monastery could be built, a certain prototype of Russik, where its monastic traditions and Rule would be observed. Fr. Arseniy found such a place near Sukhumi, where there was a destroyed church in the name of St. the Apostle Simon the Canaanean. In 1875 the dispensation of the New Athos Monastery named after Simon the Canaanean began. For the history of the monastery, information about its founder is of absolute value.

Journeys into Slavery along the Black Sea Coast, c. 550-450 BCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-94
Author(s):  
Christopher Stedman Parmenter
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Slave Traders ◽  
History Of ◽  
Law Courts ◽  
Sea Coast

This article argues that descriptions of the Black Sea found in the Archaic poets, Herodotus, and later geographers were influenced by commercial itineraries circulated amongst Greek slave traders in the north. Drawing on an epigraphic corpus of twenty-three merchant letters from the region dating between c. 550 and 450 BCE, I contrast the travels of enslaved persons recorded in the documents with stylized descriptions found in literary accounts. This article finds that slaves took a variety of routes into—and out of—slavery, and that fear of enslavement was widely felt even among Greeks. Law courts might have been as important as “barbarian” warfare in ensnaring captives for export, and even slave traders themselves risked enslavement alongside their victims. Reconstructing the travels of individual slaves allows us to pursue a study in the spirit of what Joseph C. Miller has called the “biographical turn” in the study of slavery, privileging the experiences of the enslaved over the accounts of their masters. Although the lands around the distant Black Sea were never the leading source of slaves for Aegean cities, the wealth of primary testimony from the region puts it at the forefront in the history of slavery in ancient Greece.

scholarly journals Decapitation and Dynamite: The Mutilated Mountainside Monument of Gaius Julius Aquila on the Coast of Bithynia et Pontus

CLARA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Silvia
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Public Art ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
History Of ◽  
Recent Phase ◽  
Sea Coast

The Roman monument locally known as Kuşkayası Yol Anıtı (literally bird rock road monument) in Turkish is an arresting site carved in relief on a mountainside. Its decapitated figures have hewn limbs, and dynamite has blasted out large chunks of the monument. Though scholars have tangentially touched upon Kuşkayası, there is little analysis of its visual symbolism and the mutilated human figure’s identity and destruction have been mysteries. This paper will analyse the monument and explicate its noteworthy blend of Roman Imperial and local iconography, a syncretistic design which participates in the Romanization of Bithynia et Pontus and legitimizes the monument’s builder Gaius Julius Aquila. Next, this paper will argue that the mysterious beheaded figure likely represents Aquila rather than Emperor Claudius. Finally, this paper will forward that Kuşkayası was the victim of Christian mutilation in Late Antiquity during its initial phase of destruction, and treasure hunters in its most recent phase. Kuşkayası represents an innovative symbolic composition and speaks both to the syncretistic public art tradition and the history of the destruction of antiquities on the Black Sea coast.  

scholarly journals Renewable energy sources in maintaining environmental stability on the Black Sea coast

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 05001
Author(s):  
Mzia Diasamidze ◽  
Ana Shotadze
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Project Monitoring ◽  
Sea Area ◽  
Relationship Of

The aim of this research is to study the main ecological parameters of the Black Sea in an experimental way as well as to evaluate the results and to draw conclusions. We aim at determining the cause of pollution of the sea area represented by the emissions from ships’ engines and pollution by surface waters. Our empirical part that included the field expeditions, sampling was carried out with the involvement of students within the framework of the internal grant research project “Monitoring of the Black Sea Ecological Status - Sea Water Quality Survey”. We studied the level of pollution of two rivers flowing into the Black Sea, Bartskhana and Kubistskali, and made relevant conclusions about the types of pollution, proper measurements and causal relationship of the causes of sea water pollution with the vessels entering the port of Batumi.

PERSPECTIVES OF THE PRACTICAL USE OF THE KIZILTASHSKY LIMAN GROUP

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Krylenko ◽  
Marina Krylenko
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Ramsar Convention ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Recreational Use ◽  
Active Recreation

The Kiziltashsky limans are the largest water bodies of land-to-sea interface zone of the Krasnodar region Black Sea coast separated from the Black Sea by Anapa bay-bar. Their territory is included in the Perspective list of the Ramsar Convention as a unique wetland of international importance. Currently, the main type of recreational use of the liman water area is active rest. A diversity of natural conditions, a small degree of economic transformation of the landscape in combination with good transport access makes it possible to combine the active recreation forms with health-improving rest at the Anapa resort. In the presented paper the different proposals for economic use of the Kiziltashsky limans are analysed in terms of influence to geoecosystem.

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