Patterns of formation and functioning of geosystems of Stebnyk tailings dam

Geo&Bio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (20) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Eugen Ivanov ◽  
◽  
Ivan Kovalchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Tailings Dam ◽  
Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Genesis 3 ◽  
Succession Series ◽  
Different Levels

The specifics of the landscape structure within the first section of the Stebnyk tailings dam are considered. Two landscape terrains (of natural and anthropogenic genesis), 3 separate landscape belts, 8 types of landscape tracts, and 30 types of landscape sub-tracts have been identified. Geosystems are dominated by flat sloping surfaces of the tailings dam, the external embanked of which forms closed drainless areas requiring systematic regulation of the level of the final reservoir. Features of filling the tailings surfaces played an important relief-forming role. At the same time, there were raised areas (0.5‒2.5 m) confined to the southern and south-western parts of it. Actually, conditions for the formation of tree-bush and meadow-marsh vegetation of different stages of succession were created in these areas. Spatial-temporal regularities of the occurrence and development of plant communities within the first section of the Stebnyk tailings dam were determined based on the decryption of space images for 2006‒2018. Primary meadow-marsh, bush-meadow, and tree-bush communities on surfaces with different levels of salinization were distinguished. In fact, these communities form the primary succession series in the formation of vegetation cover of post-mining geosystems. To decipher the boundaries of plant communities, 16 space images were obtained from the publicly available Google Earth Pro program. The tendencies of changes in the number and area of the plots occupied by different plant groups have been determined. Currently, the area of tree-bush communities is 5.59 hectares (7.87 % of the total area). Bush-meadow and meadow-marsh communities recorded an intensive increase in areas by 2014, followed by a rapid decrease caused by salinization of areas due to significant elevations of the reservoir’s level. In 2014, maximum areas of plant communities (37.55 ha) were identified, covering more than half of the study area (52.84 %), and in 2018 they occupied 21.71 ha (30.55 %). The gradual differentiation of phytocoenoses by moisture gradients and soil salinization continues. To maintain the rate of overgrowth of the first section of the Stebnyk tailings dam, it is necessary to reduce the level of brines regularly.

Long-term dynamics and destruction of marsh vegetation in the Kolokolkova Bay of the Barents Sea

2012 ◽  
pp. 66-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Lavrinenko ◽  
O. V. Lavrinenko ◽  
D. V. Dobrynin
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Species Composition And Structure

The satellite images show that the area of marshes in the Kolokolkova bay was notstable during the period from 1973 up to 2011. Until 2010 it varied from 357 to 636 ha. After a severe storm happened on July 24–25, 2010 the total area of marshes was reduced up to 43–50 ha. The mean value of NDVI for studied marshes, reflecting the green biomass, varied from 0.13 to 0.32 before the storm in 2010, after the storm the NDVI decreased to 0.10, in 2011 — 0.03. A comparative analysis of species composition and structure of plant communities described in 2002 and 2011, allowed to evaluate the vegetation changes of marshes of the different topographic levels. They are fol­lowing: a total destruction of plant communities of the ass. Puccinellietum phryganodis and ass. Caricetum subspathaceae on low and middle marches; increasing role of halophytic species in plant communities of the ass. Caricetum glareosae vic. Calamagrostis deschampsioides subass. typicum on middle marches; some changes in species composition and structure of plant communities of the ass. Caricetum glareosae vic. Calamagrostis deschampsioides subass. festucetosum rubrae on high marches and ass. Parnassio palustris–Salicetum reptantis in transition zone between marches and tundra without changes of their syntaxonomy; a death of moss cover in plant communities of the ass. Caricetum mackenziei var. Warnstorfia exannulata on brackish coastal bogs. The possible reasons of dramatic vegetation dynamics are discussed. The dating of the storm makes it possible to observe the directions and rates of the succession of marches vegetation.

scholarly journals Responses and Indicators of Composition, Diversity, and Productivity of Plant Communities at Different Levels of Disturbance in a Wetland Ecosystem

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Tingting Duan ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Zhengjun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Grazing Tolerance ◽  
Organic Matter Concentration ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Different Levels

Grassland tourism is a very popular leisure activity in many parts of the world. However, the presence of people in these areas causes disturbance to the local environment and grassland resources. This study analyzes the composition, diversity, and productivity under different levels of disturbance of the plant communities in the Kangxi Grassland Tourist Area and the Yeyahu Wetland Nature Reserve of Beijing, China. It aims to identify indicators of plant communities and their responses to different levels of disturbance. Our analysis shows that the plant community density and coverage have a certain compensatory increase under disturbed conditions. With the increase in disturbances, more drought-tolerant species have appeared (increased by 5.7%), some of which have become the grazing-tolerance indicator species in the trampled grazed area (TGA). For plant community productivity, biomass and height are good indicators for distinguishing different disturbances (p < 0.05). In addition, several diversity indices reveal the change of plant communities from different perspectives (three of the four indices were significant at the p < 0.05 level). For soil parameters, soil water content and organic matter concentration help to indicate different disturbance levels (the former has a 64% change). Moreover, the standard deviation of the plant community and soil parameters is also a good indicator of their spatial variability and disturbance levels, especially for the TGA. Our analysis confirms that the indicators of productivity, diversity, and soil parameters can indicate the disturbance level in each subarea from different perspectives. However, under disturbed conditions, a comprehensive analysis of these indicators is needed before we can accurately understand the state of health of the plant community.

Coastal salt-marshes plant communities of the Salicornietea fruticosae class in Apulia (Italy)

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Sciandrello ◽  
Valeria Tomaselli
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Salt Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Apulia Region ◽  
Coastal Salt Marshes ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Halocnemum Strobilaceum

AbstractAn overview of the salt-marsh herbland and scrub vegetation belonging to the class Salicornietea fruticosae Br.-Bl. et Tx. ex A. Bolòs y Vayreda 1950 in Apulia is presented. Data available from literature have been supplemented with original relevés performed in different locations of the Apulia region. On the basis of a total of 297 relevés, fifteen communities have been defined, according to the traditional phytosociological system based on dominant and/or diagnostic taxa. For comparison purposes, the salt-marsh vegetation has been classified using numerical methods. The results obtained show that most of the clusters correspond to specific associations, and confirm the division into vegetation alliances and orders. Numerical analysis also allowed us to assign the proper allocation of some associations and plant communities drawn from literature. Five alliances, with plant communities characterized by specific ecological features, have been discriminated: Sarcocornion alpini and Arthrocnemion glauci (lower marshes), Salicornion fruticosae (middle marshes), Inulion crithmoidis and Suaedion brevofoliae (upper marshes). In addition, during the field work, a population of Halocnemum strobilaceum (Arthrocnemo-Halocnemetum strobilacei), new record for the Apulia region, has been found.

Salt marsh vegetation on the Croatian coast: plant communities and ecological characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 305 (10) ◽  
pp. 899-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Dítě ◽  
Róbert Šuvada ◽  
Pavol Eliáš ◽  
Vladimír Píš ◽  
Daniel Dítě
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Salt Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Marsh Vegetation ◽  
Ecological Characteristics

scholarly journals Phytoliths as Emerging Taxonomic Tools for Identification of Plants: An Overview

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh Abdul Shakoor ◽  
Mudassir Ahmad Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
The Family ◽  
Solid Form ◽  
Orientation Pattern ◽  
Different Levels

In the recent advancements in identification of plant species, phytoliths have found an immense role in the identification of plants at different levels of taxonomic hierarchy. Many plant groups are known to accumulate silica in solid form in and between the cells and tissues and hence create the structures commonly known as phytoliths. These phytoliths create replicas of the structures where they are deposited. The shapes of phytolith replicas, their size dimensions (morphometric parameters), surface features (ornamentation), distribution, and orientation pattern in epidermal layers of vegetative and reproductive structures as well as their frequency are highly important for characterization of species. Monocotyledonous families particularly the family Poaceae (Gramineae) are known to produce diverse phytolith types that can serve as diagnostic markers for characterization of different taxa at different levels of taxonomic hierarchy. The present paper highlights the importance of phytoliths in taxonomic analysis of plants particularly in the family Poaceae.

scholarly journals Mid-term changes in the physiognomy of plant communities and functional plant groups define successional pathways of mountain vegetation in the province of Córdoba (Argentina)

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Marcos Sebastián Karlin ◽  
Sebastián Abel Arnulphi ◽  
Javier Rodolfo Bernasconi Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Plant Functional Groups ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Restoration Strategies ◽  
Mountain Vegetation ◽  
Successional Pathways

Abstract To identify restoration strategies over degraded semi-natural plant communities, successional pathways and their local controls should be identified. The objective of this work is to quantify the changes in the physiognomy and functional groups of plant communities in the Sierras Chicas of Córdoba along seven years. Lyapunov coefficients were calculated and arranged in two-phase diagrams, identifying different successional pathways over two soil categories and six plant communities. Du Rietz`s life forms were identified defining several plant functional groups. Results showed two successional pathways in the field of azonal soils and three in the field of intrazonal soils. Rainfall, extent of human-caused disturbances, and plant interactions are the leading causes explaining the changes in the structure of the plant communities. Fire and overgrazing retract the successions by altering the cover of plant communities and their functional groups.

scholarly journals استخدام نظم المعلومات الجغ ا رفية في إنشاء نموذج ارتفاع رقمي للكثبان الرملية

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Hussein M. Al-Khuzaie ◽  
Qassim J. Salman
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Gis Technique ◽  
City District ◽  
Elevation Model

"In GIS, it is essential to use the areal and space images as data references for information, but it is necessary to create digital information using software such as SURFER 8 and ARC view. These data can be furnished to create digital contour lines map in a rapid way rather than the conventional methods. In this paper, GIS technique was used for producing 3 dimension contour maps for earth surface. This was called as Digital Elevation Model that can provide a view for spatial coordination for the location of these maps. The area was selected for this study is the sand dunes area at Al.Mamlaha (Samawa city district). The source of space images was Google Earth ."

scholarly journals Classifying and Predicting Salinization Level in Arid Area Soil Using a Combination of Chua’s Circuit and Fractional Order Sprott Chaotic System

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian ◽  
Fu ◽  
Su ◽  
Yau ◽  
Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Chaotic System ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Soil Salinization ◽  
Arid Area ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Human Interference ◽  
Matter Element Model ◽  
Different Levels

Soil salinization is very complex and its evolution is affected by numerous interacting factors produce strong non-linear characteristics. This is the first time fractional order chaos theory has been applied to soil salinization-level classification to decrease uncertainty in salinization assessment, solve fuzzy problems, and analyze the spectrum chaotic features in soil with different levels of salinization. In this study, typical saline soil spectrum data from different human interference areas in Fukang City (Xinjiang) and salt index test data from an indoor chemical analysis laboratory are used as the base information source. First, we explored the correlation between the spectrum reflectance features of soil with different levels of salinization and chaotic dynamic error and chaotic attractor. We discovered that the chaotic status error in the 0.6 order has the greatest change. The 0.6 order chaotic attractors are used to establish the extension matter-element model. The determination equation is built according to the correspondence between section domain and classic domain range to salinization level. Finally, the salt content from the chemical analysis is substituted into the discriminant equation in the extension matter-element model. Analysis found that the accuracy of the discriminant equation is higher. For areas with no human interference, the extension classification can successfully identify nine out of 10 prediction data, which is a 90% identification accuracy rate. For areas with human interference, the extension classification can successfully identify 10 out of 10 prediction data, which is a success rate of 100%. The innovation in this study is the building of a smart classification model that uses a fractional order chaotic system to inversely calculate soil salinization level. This model can accurately classify salinization level and its predictive results can be used to rapidly calculate the temporal and spatial distribution of salinization in arid area/desert soil.

scholarly journals Vegetation differentiation and secondary succession on abandoned agricultural large-areas in south-eastern Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Barabasz-Krasny
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Secondary Succession ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
General Increase ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Rate Of Succession ◽  
Meadow Species

Abstract In Poland, the largest stretches of abandoned agricultural areas were formed at the end of the 1980s, along western and eastern borders, among others, in Przemyśl Foothills (Pogórze Przemyskie). Therefore, the research on the diversity of plant communities from abandoned agricultural areas as well as main directions and the rate of succession after the cessation of management was undertaken in the vicinity of twelve municipalities in south-eastern Poland. This research revealed that the dominating direction of changes of the abandoned agricultural area vegetation was vanishing of plant groups with segetal and meadow species and spreading of shrub communities. A general increase in the forestation rate of the researched abandoned agricultural areas from 10-40% of the area in 1970-1971 to about 30-70% in 2003-2004 may be the evidence of the occurrence intensity of those phenomena.

scholarly journals Ecologyсal-taxonomic structure of wood and shower plants of industrial pads of PJSC «Central Iron Ore Enrichment Works»

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
E. O. Yevtushenko ◽  
Y. V. Pozdnii ◽  
I. O. Komarova ◽  
L. H. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Satisfactory Condition ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Field Investigations

The article is devoted to shrubs and plant groups in the territory of the industrial sites of PJSC «Central Mining and Processing Plant».  The material of this work was collected in the growing season 2017-2018 years on the territory of the central industrial site and industrial sites №2 Gleuvatsky Quarry, the Giant mine, Artemivsky Quarry, Petrovsky Quarry, mine them.  Ordzhonikidze, sludge workshops, which are separated in space and placed at a certain distance from each other separated in kind. The studied tree and shrub communities were formed with the participation and maintained by the person in a satisfactory condition.  In the course of itinerant field investigations the species belonging to trees and shrubs were determined. In the future, on the basis of the ecomorphic characteristics of the species, comparative ecological-taxonomic spectra of tree-shrub plant communities of industrial sites were constructed. As a result of researches it was found out that the tree-shrub groupings of the industrial sites of PJSC «TSGZK» consist of 96 species of higher plants belonging to 28 families.  Gymnosperms account for a small fraction of taxonomic spectra.  Within the sites there is considerable variability in the number of species and families.  The most numerous are the families Rosaceae, Salicaceae, Aceraceae.  Families of Aceraceae, Rosaceae, Fabaceae, Hippocastanaceae, Oleaceae, Salicaceae, Ulmaceae, Pinaceae are represented by species at all industrial sites of PJSC «CMPP».  Only within the Ordzhonikidze mine site are species of the Berberidaceae, Paeoniaceae family occurring, and within the Gleevatsky Quarry site, there are Cannabaceae families.  In the taxonomic spectra of plant communities of all sites, the dominant position is occupied by the family Rosaceae.  Monovid families occupy half or more of the taxonomic spectra.  By reducing the number of species, families, share of species participation in shrubs and shrubs, the corresponding declines can be constructed.  The same series can characterize tree-shrub plant groups by the density of species of trees, shrubs, individuals per unit area. According to the ecological and biomorphic characteristics of the species, the corresponding spectra of bio- and ecomorphs are constructed.  Ecological spectra are individual in proportion to the participation of certain ecomorphs for each shrub community of the site.  Rows of decreasing species numbers are constructed for each ecomorph.  It is established that in tree and shrub plant groups of all industrial sites of PJSC «CMPP» wood life forms with root-root system dominate, vegetatively motionless.  In the spectra of ecomorphs, the most numerous are solvants, phanerophytes, mesotrophs, entomophiles.  In the spectra of hygro-, heliomorph and diasporax, the composition of dominant ecomorphs changes at the industrial sites.

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